Toxic Effects of Ammonia to Hemifusus tuba Juveniles at Different ph and Salinity

Μέγεθος: px

Εμφάνιση ξεκινά από τη σελίδα:

Download "Toxic Effects of Ammonia to Hemifusus tuba Juveniles at Different ph and Salinity"

Μιλτιάδης Δυοβουνιώτης
5 χρόνια πριν
Προβολές:

1 Chinese Journal of Zoology ~ 109 ph * ph Hemifusus tuba ± mm n = h 96hLC mg / L SC mg / L 2 ph ph hLC mg / L SC mg / L ph hLC 50 ph ph S A Toxic Effects of Ammonia to Hemifusus tuba Juveniles at Different ph and Salinity LUO Jie 1 2 DU Tao 3 LIU Chu-Wu 1 2 * CHEN Jia-Hui Fishery College of Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang Key Labolatory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institute Zhanjiang Technology Park of Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China Abstract In this paper under water temperatures the toxic effects of ammonia to Hemifusus tuba juveniles shells high ± mm n = 30 were studied at different ph and salinity with ecological method. The result showed that salinity has significantly effect on the toxicity of ammonia. The toxicity of ammonia in water became stronger when the salinity was lower. When salinity was and 28 respectively the 96hLC 50 of total ammonia to H. tuba juveniles were and mg / L respectively and equivalent the safe concentration SC of total ammonia to the juveniles were and 5. 9 mg / L respectively. The toxicity of ammonia in water became stronger in higher ph than in lower. The 96hLC 50 and the SC of total ammonia to H. tuba juveniles were mg / L and and 2. 0 mg / L respectively. The 96hLC 50 of total ammonia to H. tuba juveniles fell rapidly when ph was 8. 8 and toxicity of ammonia in water became 2. 9 times higher than in ph Key words Hemifusus tuba Juveniles Salinity ph Ammonia Toxicity No. 2005B * liucw@ gdou. edu. cn luoj@ gdou. edu. cn

2 3 ph NH 4 Cl g / L ml W 500 W CT-6659 ph YK-31SA NH 3 NH ph 1 Hemifusus tuba ph ph 10 m 2 NH 4 Cl mg / L NH 4 Cl Babylonia areolata ml ml 0. 5 mm ph h ph 100% SPSS ± mm n = 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h 30 LC 50 95% 16 2 d SC 17 = hLC ~ ph ~ 0. 5 mm h 48 h 72 h 96 h

3 104 Chinese Journal of Zoology ρ NH3 = ρ T / 10 pka - ph + 1 ρ NH3 ρ T pka NH 4 -N pka = / T T T = t t 50 min min ph 1 1 ph ρ T ρ NH3 Table 1 The relation with total ammonia and un-ion ammonia at difference ph ρ T ρ NH3 ph 7. 6 ph 8. 0 ph 8. 4 ph min ph ph mg / L h 72 h mg / L h h 96hLC mg / 2. 1 L SC = hLC mg / L Table 2 2 The result of toxicity experiment of ammonia to Hemifusus tuba juveniles at difference salinities The mortality rate % ρ T Salinity 16 Salinity 19 Salinity 23 Salinity h 48 h 72 h 96 h 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h 0 Control

4 3 ph 105 Table 3 3 LC 50 95% The median lethal concentrations LC 50 and their 95% confidence interval of total ammonia to Hemifusus tuba juveniles at difference salinities Salinity Time h LC 50 95% Confidence interval ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Safe concentration ph 24 h 100% ph 23 LC 50 95% ph 5 ph ph mg / L SC = hLC 50 ph mg / L ph 96 h mg / L ph h 100% 150 mg / L mg / L ph 8. 8 ph Table 4 4 ph The result of toxicity experiment of ammonia to Hemifusus tuba juveniles at different ph The mortality rate % ρ T ph 7. 6 ph 8. 0 ph 8. 4 ph h 48 h 72 h 96 h 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h 0 Control

5 106 Chinese Journal of Zoology 45 Table 5 5 ph LC 50 95% The median lethal concentrations LC 50 and their 95% confidence interval of total ammonia to Hemifusus tuba juveniles at difference ph ph Time h LC 50 95% Confidence interval ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Safe concentration Ruditapes philippinarum Chlamys farreri mg / L ~ 0. 2 mg / L 3. 2 ph ph ~ mg / L 0. 3 mg / L 0. 5 mg / L Armstrong 4 ph

6 3 ph 107 ph Chen ph NH 3 ~ 30 ph NH mg / L ph 100% mg / L ph h 3. 3% mg / L 96 h 100% 11 Argopecteni rradians ph > NH 3 ph 7 ~ 8 LC 50 ph 60% 35% ph NH 3 -N ph 7. 7 ~ 8. 2 NH + 4 ph NH 3 NH 3 H 2 O ph 8. 0 ~ hLC ~ mg / L NH + 4 NH 3 ph ph % h ph mg / L ph Estellarca olivacea Scapharca subcrenata 15 Coelom actra antiquata 7 ph 17 H 2 S ph 10 NH hLC 50 Table 6 Compareision of 96hLC 50 of total ammonia to several kinds of shellfish Species Shell hight mm ph 96hLC 50 Temperature Babylonia areolata d ~ 30 Argopecteni rradians 11 6 ~ ~ 25 Estellarca olivacea ± ± ± 0. 5 Scapharca subcrenata ± ± ± 0. 5 Coelom actra antiquata ± ~ ~ Hemifusus tuba ± ~ ~

7 108 Chinese Journal of Zoology ph 8. 0 ~ h 5. 5 ~ 5. 1 mg / L ph 16 ph ph Young-Lai W W Charmantier-Daures M Charmantier G. 25. Effect of ammonia on survival and growth in different life 5.. stages of the lobster Homarus americanus. Mar Biol Meade J W. Allowable ammonia for fish culture. Prog Fish-Culture ph ph ph Sprague J B. Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish. III. Sublethal effects and safe concentrations. Water Res 18 Emerson K Russo R C Lund R E et al. Aqueous ammonia equilibrium calculations effect of ph and temperature. J Fisheries Res Board Can GB Armstrong D A. Interaction of ionized and un-ionized 1.. ammonia on short-term survival and growth of prawn larvae. Biol Bull ph 26 Chen J C Nan F H. Changes of oxygen consumption and ammonia-n excretion by Penaeus chinensis Osbeck at different temperature and salinity levels. Journal of 9. Crustacean Biology

8 3 ph Meade J W. Allowable ammonia for fish culture. Prog Fish Cult Thurston R V Russo R C Vinogradov G A. Ammonia toxicity to fishes. Effect of ph on the toxicity of the unionized ammonia specie. Environ Sci Tech ernesti Falco peregrinus 16 1 calidus japonensis peregrinator peregrinus N E m ernesti 4 ernesti 5-7 peregrinator peregrinator Psittinus cyanurus 10 Garrulax gularis 11 Anthreptes malacensis 12 ernesti 1 Dickinson E C. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World 3rd ed Pl Ferguson-Lees J David Christie. Raptors of the World. London Christopher Helm Robson Craig. Birds of South-East Asia. London New Holland Pl Smythies B E. The Birds of Burma 3rd ed. England Nimrod Press Ltd King B F Dickinson E C. A Field Guide to the Birds of South-East Asia. London Collins London Christopher Helm 10. Psittinus cyanurus

Σχετικά έγγραφα

Gro wth Properties of Typical Water Bloom Algae in Reclaimed Water

Gro wth Properties of Typical Water Bloom Algae in Reclaimed Water 31 1 2010 1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol. 31,No. 1 Jan.,2010, 3, (,, 100084) :,.,, ( Microcystis aeruginosa),3 (A 2 O ) 10 6 ml - 1,> 0139 d - 1. A 2 O222,. TP ( K max ) ( R max ), Monod. :; ; ; ; :X173 :A