Micro arc Oxidation Technique for Aluminum and its Alloys

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1 18 6 Vol.18 No CHINA SURFACE ENGINEERING Dec * , TG A (2005) Micro arc Oxidation Technique for Aluminum and its Alloys DONG Qing 1, CHEN Chuan-zhong 1, WANG De-yun 1, LEI Ting-quan 1,2 (1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan , China; 2. School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin , China) Abstract: Recent developments over these years on the surface treatment for aluminum and its alloys by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) were reviewed. The effects of the substrates and the electric parameters such as current density, voltage and frequency on the growth, composition, structure and properties of the MAO coatings on aluminum alloys were emphasized. The common electrolyte systems used in the MAO treatment for aluminum alloys were analyzed. The characteristics of kinetics and the growth mechanism of the MAO coatings on aluminum alloys were described. It was pointed out that the control of electric parameters and adjustment of composition and concentration of electrolyte would be the study emphases of MAO technique for aluminum alloys in the future. Key words: micro-arc oxidation; aluminum and its alloys; phase composition; properties; influence factor ~0.015 µm TiN( CrN) [1~4] * ( ) (1982 ) ( ) (micro-arc oxidation, MAO) [5~9] [10,11] 1

2 6 6 ( V) Al Mg Ti [12] (10 3 ~10 4 K) [13] 2 Al Si LY12 Al Si Si [14] Xue [13] LY12 MAO α Al 2 O 3 γ Al 2 O 3 α Al 2 O 3 50 % γ Al 2 O 3 SEM 160 µm HV 300 GPa Nie [15,16] 250 µm α Al 2 O 3 γ Al 2 O HV Al Si MAO Si>10 % Si [17] ZL µm 0.32 µm/min [18] ZL101 4 h 130 µm 0.54 µm/min Al Si MAO [17] ZL109 MAO η Al 2 O 3 Al Si α Al 2 O 3 γ Al 2 O HV LY12 MAO [18] ZL101 MAO α Al 2 O 3 γ Al 2 O 3 (3Al 2 O 3 2SiO 2 ) SiO 2 α Al 2 O 3 γ Al 2 O 3 MAO A/dm 2 20~60 A/dm 2 1 A/dm 2 Yang [19]

3 5 7 (10 A/dm 2 ) γ Al 2 O 3 α Al 2 O 3 (20~25 A/dm 2 ) α Al 2 O 3 50 % α Al 2 O 3 (10 A/dm 2 ) α Al 2 O 3 Xue [20] α Al 2 O 3 (25 A/dm 2 ) α Al 2 O HV α Al 2 O 3 3 A/dm 2 MAO 25 A/dm 2 MAO MAO α Al 2 O 3 γ Al 2 O 3 MAO 3.2 [12] 400~700 V 300~800 Hz 95 % Table 1 The roles of MAO electrolyte compositions in oxidizing process ph (1) [21~23] 5~10 g/l 8~10 g/l 5 g/l MAO NaOH 4~5 g/l [24] H 3 BO 3 (2) [25] 0.5 mol/l Na 2 B 4 O 7 (3) [26] NaOH

4 8 6 [27] U t [24] 1 8 g/ L Na 2 SiO 3 2 H 3 BO 3 /V 1 [24] Fig.1 The voltage at different oxidation times in MAO process [24] t /min 2 [28] 3 [29] 2 d/mm /(µm s -1 ) Fig.2 Dependence of layer thickness on time t / h t/s 3 [29] Fig.3 The growth rate of MAO films at different times [29] 6 [30] t<1 ms [12] [31,32] Ikonopisov

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6 [21] Markov G A, Belevantsev V I, Slonova L, et al. Phases in anode-cathode micro-plasma processes [J]. Elektrokhimiya, 1989,25 (11): [22] Markov G A, Slonova A L, Terleeva O P. Chemical composion, structure and morphology of micro-plasma coating [J]. Zaschita Metallov, 1997,33 (3): [23] Wang Y K, Sheng L, Xiong R E, et al. Effects of additives in electrolyte on characteristic of ceramic coatings formed by micro-arc oxidation [J]. Surface Engineering, 1999,15 (2): [24],,,. [J]., 2003,36(11): 1-2. [25] Dittrich K H. Structure and properties of ANOF Layers [J]. Crystal Res and Technol, 1984,19 (1): [26] Timoshenko A V, Magurova Y V. Micro-plasma oxidation of Al-Cu Alloy [J]. Zaschita Metallov, 1995,31 (5): [27] Gnedenkov S V, Khrisanfova O A, Zavidnava A G, et al. Production of hard and heat-resistant coatings on aluminum Using a plasma micro-discharge [J]. Surface and Coating Technology, 2000,123: [28],,. LY12 [J]., 2001,11 (2): [29],,,. [J]., 2002,35 (8): [30] Yahalom J, Zahavi J. Electrolytic breakdown crystallization of anodic oxide films on Al, Ta and Ti [J]. Electrochim Acta, 1970,15 (9): [31] Vijh A K. Sparking voltages and side reactions during anodization of valve metals in terms of electron tunneling [J]. Corros. Sci., 1971,11: 411. [32] Ikonopisov S. Theory of electrical breakdown during formation of barrier anodic films [J]. Electrochim Acta, 1977,22: Tel: (0531) czchen@sdu.edu.cn.

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