The Pollution by Electronic and Electric Wastes

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1 21 2Π PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 21 No. 2Π3 Mar., ( ),,,,,,,,: : X705 ; X783 ; X131 : A : X(2009) 02Π The Pollution by Electronic and Electric Wastes Peng Pingπan 3 3 Sheng Guoying Fu Jiamo ( Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou , China) Abstract This paper reviews the environmental pollution caused by electronic and electric wastes ( EWs). EWs contain valuable materials such as heavy metals, plastics and flame retardants, etc., which can be easily but not environmental friendly recycled. Improper recycling processes may release several hundreds of hazard materials into environment. Among them, the second pollutants produced in recycling are less concerned and need more investigations. Disposal methods of EWs can be divided into two catalogues, e. g., those are based on the environmental protection and those are based on the recycling of valuable materials. Up2to2date, the available methods can t balance the two aspects. The primitive disposal of EWs in China had resulted in severe environmental pollution and human health problems in the dismantling areas. The concentration of heavy metals, brominated flame retardants, and chlorinated and brominated dioxins are much higher in the atmosphere, soil, river and biota. The control of EWs pollution seems to be an important task for environmental protection. The study of EWs pollution only started ten years ago. The many research areas, therefore, are still blank and need to be studied. The researches in the future may direct to the releasing kinetics of brominated pollutants, formation of second pollutants, natural attenuation and toxicology of brominated pollutants, etc. Key words electronic (electric) wastes ; recycling processes ; brominated pollutants ; chlorinated pollutants ; heavy metals : (No ) 3 3 e2mail ac. cn

2 2Π3 551 Contents 1 Introduction 2 Hazard materials in electronic and electric wastes ( EWs) 3 The disposals of EWs and pollutants emission 3. 1 Brief introduction of EWs disposal methods 3. 2 Pollutant emission during the disposals of EWs 4 Pollution in the EWs dismantling areas in China 5 Research areas meriting further investigation 6 Summary 1,, [1 ], ,1Π3, 2 % 5 % ; 1Π4,4 % 3 % 5 % [2 ] [3 ] ,,5 % 10 %,,80 %, 90 % [4 ], [5 ],,, 40 % [6 ], ;,, 50 % [7 ],, : : (1) (CRT) (2),,CRTs (3) 22 %,,, (4) (5),(6) PVC :,PVC,26 % PVC PVC,PVC (BFRs) :BFRs,,, 5 % 30 %(PBDEs) (HBCD) A(TBBA) BFRs BFRs :,, 2B :CRTs, CRTs, :, : (1) ( %) [8 ] (2),EPA [9 ] (3),, [10,11 ] :

3 Table 1 Hazard materials in a desk2top computer Π () PBDEs ;( PBBs), ΠCRT, ; ;,Π,CRT,,,,, ; Alzheimer ( ) Π, Π(),CRT,,,,; ΠCRT Π,,, ;,Π(),,,,, DNA ;, 2 Π,,CRT,, ;,Π, ;,,, ; Π,,,, ;, ΠCRT,,, ; :, :1. (MCC),1996 ; 2.,, (MSS) ;3.,, 2001 ;4. ATSDR ToxFAQ, ;5.,2001,, ; ;,,,, 90 %,,,, :,, ;, : (1) A,, ; ; (2) B, (3) C,, ;, (4) D,, ,,,,, 1 [12 ] 130kg 41kg29kg20kg18kg10kg 0145kg,, [13 ], [14 BFRs 16 ] BFRs : A A

4 2Π Table 2 Potential risks in the primitive disposals of EWs CRTs ; ; ; ;, PBDDΠFs ; ; PBDDΠFs, ; PBDDΠFs PBDDΠFs PCDDΠFs PAHs PCDDΠFs PBDDΠFs PAHs :PBDDΠFs Π,PCDDΠFs Π PAHs ;, A (2,32 ) S (2,32 ) ( PBBs),,,,, 9 [17 ],,,, BFRs, : (1) ; (2) ; (3) [18,19 ] ; (4) ; (5) Π( PXDDΠFs) [20 ] : (1) ; (2),, 4,,,,, Wong [21,22 ] : Ag Cr Hg Ni Cu Pb Zn ( gπl), Cd ( n. d. 1013mgΠkg) Cu ( mgΠkg ) Ni ( mgΠkg) Pb ( mgΠkg) Zn ( mgΠkg),,, PBDEs, PBDEs [23,24 ] PBDEs [22,25 ],17 PCDDΠFs ( pg g - 1 ) [25 ] 16 PAHs (3 206 g1kg - 1 ) [26 ], PCBs 458 g kg - 1 PAHs PBDEs [22 ],Liu 30 PCBs PCDDΠFs PBDEs [27 ], Deng [28 ], TSP PM EPA PAHs ng m

5 ng m - 3, PAHs 73 %, (a) 2 6, PM215 Cr Cu Zn 4 33 Wong [22 ] PBDEs PCDDΠFs PCBs PAHs, PM PBDEs (1618ng m - 3 ) 100,PCDDΠFs 115,311, PAHs 2 6, [29 PCDDΠFs PBDDΠFs PBDEs 32 ],, PCDDΠFs, I2TEQ ( ), ,PCDDΠFs, 2 3, 3 10, 2,3,7,82TBDF TBDFs,30 60 PBDDΠFs ( ) (1176pgΠm pgπm 3 ) 8 2,3,7,82PBDDΠFs 1Π10,, PBDDΠFs PBDEs [26 ] PCDDΠFs, WHO PCDDΠFs (tolerable daily intake,tdi,1 4 pg I2TEQ kg - 1 day - 1 ) PBDDΠFs,, TDI ,, (8 ), TDI, TDI 3 5 [33 36 ], PBDEs [37,38 ], ( thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH),,, PCDDΠFs PCBs PBDEs pg m - 3 ( pg I2TEQ m - 3 ), ng m - 3 ( pg TEQ m - 3 ) pg m - 3, [39,40 ] Cd, Cu Hg, 410, [41 ] 8712 % 9812 % PCB, 117 % 1116 %PCDDΠFs [42,43 ] [41 ] [44 ], PCBs, PCBs gπl, (0102 gπl) 30 ; gπkg, 2 ; gπkg, PEL PCBs 1109 gπkg, US STSDR,, [36 ] : PCBs g kg - 1,, PCBs (1515 g kg - 1 ) 114, PCBs 1619pg g - 1, PCBs PCBs, PCBs 37718ng g - 1, PCBs 7710ng g ng g ng g - 1 (OCPs)

6 2Π3 555 Chan [45 ], WHO ; PBBs, PBDEs PCBs [46 ], DNA [47 ], DNA [48 ],, BFRs, 5,,,, (1), [14 16,18,49,19,50,51 ],,,,,,, (2),,,, [20 ],,,,, A ( [52 ] ),,,,Voordeckers [53 ] TBBPA,120, TBBPA A Gerecke [54 ] TBBPAs HBCDs,TBBPAs HBCDs , ( )2 2HBCD ( )2 2HBCDT ( )2 2HBCD, deca2bde,700 [55 ], 1Π50, [56 ],HBCD ,HBCD 11 32, ,,, BFRs POPs,, PBDEs HBCDs PBDEs, [57 60 ] (4), [61 ] PBDEs [62 ],TBBPA HBCD DecaBDE,BDE 209 [63 ],,, TBBPA HBCD DecaBDE PCB,, 6,, PCB PBB, (3)

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