Distribution of Hg in Mangrove Plants and Correlation with Hg Speciation in Sediments

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Ἀδάμ Δουμπιώτης
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1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol 31 No 9 Sep ~ ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g > > > > > > > X145 X173 A Distribution of Hg in Mangrove Plants and Correlation with Hg Speciation in Sediments DING Zhen-hua LIU Jin-ling LI Liu-qiang LIN Hui-na WU Hao HU Zhen-zhen School of Life Science Xiamen University Xiamen China Abstract Plant is an important role in biogeochemical cycle of Hg The aim of this study is to ascertain Hg accumulation in several kinds of mangrove plants and to discuss relationship among Hg concentrations in mangrove plants and different Hg speciation in sediments Contents of total mercury THg in mangrove plants and sediments were determined Hg speciation was determined with a modified Tessier's method Contents of THg of the mangrove plants were in the range of ng / g In detail Hg concentration was ± ng / g in Kandelia candel ± ng / g in Aegiceras corniculatum ± ng / g in Avicennia marina ± ng / g in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza ± ng / g in Excoecaria agallocha ± ng / g in Sonneratia apetala ± ng / g in Acanthus ilicifolius ± ng / g in Rhizophora stylosa respectively There are obvious interspecific variation and organic variation in THg contents of mangrove plants which is closely related to environment and physiological characteristics of mangrove plants Enrichment of THg in mangrove plants was inhomogeneous following the order of Sonneratia apetala > Bruguiera gymnorrhiza > Avicennia marina > Aegiceras corniculatum > Excoecaria agallocha > Rhizophora stylosa > Kandelia candel > Acanthus ilicifolius Mercury exists mainly in volatile form in most mangrove wetlands but mainly in the form of residue in sediments from Shenzhen mangrove wetlands Significantly positive correlations were found among Hg concentrations in leaves and stems of Sonneratia apetala and volatile Hg exchangeable Hg of sediments Significantly positive correlations were also found among Hg concentrations in leaves of Excoecaria agallocha and volatile Hg exchangeable Hg of sediments But there is no significant correlation between Hg concentrations of most mangrove plants and different Hg speciation in sediments It showed that plants assimilate Hg from different sources such as water sediment and air and that Hg assimilated by plants could transfer among different plant organics Key words mangrove plant mercury sediment speciation mangrove ~ dzh@ xmu edu cn

9 2235 3 60 4 Tessier 6 Hgvol Hg-ex Hg-carb Hg-fm Hg-org 1 1 1 F732-V 5 10 g 250 ml 180 48 h 18 09 N 27 20 N 6 28 25 N 2 Hg-ex 5 0 g 1 mol / L 8 MgCl 2 40 ml 2 h 1 h 70% 12% 3 Hg-carb 1 mol / L ph =

2 Tessier 6 Hgvol Hg-ex Hg-carb Hg-fm Hg-org F732-V 5 10 g 250 ml h N N N 2 Hg-ex 5 0 g 1 mol / L 8 MgCl 2 40 ml 2 h 1 h 70% 12% 3 Hg-carb 1 mol / L ph = 5 NaAc 40 ml HAc 18 h 4 Hg-fm 0 08 mol / L NH 2 OHHCl 50% HOAc 40 ml 3 h ~ 8 1 Fig 1 1 Distribution of sample sites Hg-resid 3 1 Hg-vol 1 0 g Hg-org 0 1 mol / L HNO 3 1 ml 30% H 2 O 2 5 ml HNO 3 ph = 2 2 h 5 ml H 2 O 2 1 h 3 mol / L NH 4 OAc HNO 3 25 ml 40 ml 9 h 6 Hg-resid 10 ml HNO 3 10 ml H 2 SO 4 5% KMnO 4 5 ml - F732-V 1 2 GSD-1 18 ± 4

3 ng / g 16 3 ± 1 5 ng / g n = 5 16 SPSS p < 0 05 p < 0 01 Excel SPSS Origin ~ 1 10 μg / L 0 60 μg / L ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g ± ng / g > > > > > > > ~ 50 ng / g 24 ng / g 7 ~ Zillious ~ 0 70 μg / L 4 < < < < 1 4 < 15 < 1 / ng g - 1 Table 1 Hg concentration in different mangrove plants / ng g - 1 Kandelia candel ± ± ± ± Aegiceras corniculatum ± ± ± ± Avicennia marina ± ± ± ± Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ± ± ± ± Excoecaria Agallocha ± ± ± Sonneratia Apetala ± ± ± Acanthus Ilicifolius ± ± ± Rhizophora stylosa ± ± ±

4 ~ 22 Kraus Table 2 ph / % / % Properties of sediments from different mangroves / % / % / % Table 3 Proportion of different species Hg in sediments of main mangrove areas in China / % THg / ng g - 1 Hg-vol Hg-ex Hg-carb Hg-fm Hg-org Hg-resid mangrove plants and Hg speciation in sediments 4 5 r 1 = p 1 < 0 01 r 2 = p 2 < 0 05 r 1 = p 1 < 0 01 r 2 = p 2 < 0 01 r 3 = p 3 < 0 05 r 1 = p 1 < 0 05 r 2 = Table 4 1 Correlations between stem Hg concentrations of THg Hg-vol Hg-ex * Hg-carb Hg-fm Hg-org Hg-resid * p < 0 05 p < 0 01

5 Table 5 5 Correlations between leaf Hg concentrations of mangrove plants and Hg speciation in sediments THg * Hg-vol * Hg-ex * * Hg-carb * * Hg-fm Hg-org Hg-resid p 2 < 0 05 r 3 = p 3 < 0 05 r 1 = p 1 < 0 05 r 2 = p 2 < ~ 7% and fish in the Adirondack lakes J M D Louis S V Rudd J W M Kelly C A et al J 3 1 Driscoll C T Yan C Schofield C L et al The mercury cycle 1 and sediments J 267 > > > > > > > Water Air Soil Poll vegetation for total mercury J Ontario J 11 Lindberg S E Mercury A Environ Sci Technol 1997 Importance of wetlands as sources of methylmercury boreal forest ecosystem Can J Fish Aqua Sci J Lechler P J Miller J R Hsu L C et al Mercury mobility at the Carson River Superfund Site webt-central Nevada USA interpretation of mercury speciation data in mill tailings soils J Geochemical Exploration Barghigiani C Ristori T Bauleo R Pinus as an atmospheric Hg biomonitor J Environ Technol Ferrara R Masertr B E Breder R Mercury in abiotic and biotic compartments of an area affected by a geochemical anomaly J 9 Rasmussen P E Mierle G Nriagu J O The analysis of Water Air Soil Poll Moore T R BubierJ L Heyes A et al Methyl and total mercury in boreal wetland plants experimental lakes area northwestern J Environ Qual Forests and the Global Biogeochemical Cycle of In Baeyens W Ebinghaus R Vasiliev O Global and regional mercury cycles sources fluxes and mass balances

6 C NATO-ASI-Series Vol 21 Dordrecht The Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishers Fleck J A Grigal D F Nater E A Mercury uptake by trees an observational experiment J Water Air Soil Poll Grigal D F Kolka R K Fleck J A et al Mercury Budget of an Upland-Peat and Watershed J Biogeochemistry Zillious E L Porcella D B Benoit J M Mercury cycling and effects in fresh water wetland ecosystems J Environ Toxicol Chem J 23 Kraus M L Weis P Crow J The excretion of heavy metals by the salt marsh cord grass Spartina alterniflora and Spartina's role 16 J in mercury cycling J Mar Environ Res J J J Devkota B Schmidt G H Accumulation of heavy metals in food plants and grasshopper from the Taigetos Mountains Greece J Agr Ecosyste Environ Muller D H Oort F Gelie B et al Strategies of heavy metal uptake by three plant species growing near a metal smelter J Environ Pollut Angelova V Ivanova A Delibaltova V et al Bioaccumulation and distribution of heavy metals in fibre crops flax cotton and hemp J Ind Crop Prod D J

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