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16 Flux x E ν ( m sec sr GeV ) Honda BGS νµ + νµ νe + νe Neutrino Energy (GeV) 2.5 Honda ν µ + ν µ ν + e ν e 2.5 BGS ν µ + ν µ ν + e ν e Flux Ratios 1.5 ν e 1.5 ν e ν e ν e ν µ ν µ ν µ ν µ Neutrino Energy (GeV) Neutrino Energy (GeV)

17 1 4 θ flight length (km) ν Zenith angle (cos θ) 3 6 ν e +ν - e ν µ +ν - µ Flux x E 2 ν (m -2 sec -1 sr -1 GeV) GeV (x1.5) 1.GeV (x1) 2.GeV (x.5) GeV (x1.5) 1.GeV (x1) 2.GeV (x.5) cosθ cosθ

19 fully-contained partially-contained upward-going muon

27 1.8 ν ν - sin 2 θ m A/ m 2

32 1 < P(ν µ ν µ ) > L (km) θ 13 = deg θ 13 = 1 deg θ 13 = 2 deg θ 13 = 3 deg

36 Tyvek 8" PMT Top Black seat Barrel 2" PMT Bottom

37 < φ 52 photosensitive area > φ 46 cable glass multi-seal φ φ 82 2 water proof structure φ 116 cable length ~7 ( 61 2 ) ~72 (mm)

38 Quantum efficiency Wavelength (nm)

40 SCH ATM Electronics system PMT TKO module VME module GONG SMP 6 SMP Online DAQ SCH ATM... 2 GONG Sbus-VME interface TRG Work Station Trigger Local Hitsum PMT Paddle Card x4/quad QTC Module x1/quad 4 LSBs x5 TDC TDC FASTBUS ~47/quadrant High Voltage Supply 16 bit event # Struck FSCC AUX 84 pin data ribbon cables Ethernet FSCC Control

42 1 2 Trigger Rate (Hz) 1 Low-energy trigger High-energy trigger Year

46 UV filter ND filter Xe Flash Lamp Optical fiber SK TANK Photo Diode Photo Diode Scintilator Ball ADC PMT 2inch PMT Scintilator Trigger Monitor

47 mean 2.55pC 3 Ni wire +water Cf 2mm pc 19mm

49 Super Kamiokande inner tank optical fiber 2 PMT variable attenuation filter optical fiber N 2laser generator λ=384nm monitor PMT sig. diffuser ball trigger elec. sig. LUDOX diffuser tip(tio 2 ) 2 PMT sig. sig. DAQ elec. T (nsec) Typical TQ map Q (p.e.)

50 CCD camera Beam Splitter (5:5) Lens CCD/PMT DYE / N2 laser Dec-1996(42nm) L=92.2±5.2m Integrating Sphere << laser box >> Diffuser Ball 2inch PMT << SK Tank >> Optical Fiber (7m) distance from CCD (m)

52 log(ql/f(θ)) 5 4 RUN / 19 P E-3 P E E l (cm) attenuation length (cm) relative gain Year

54 8 Mean DATA = MC = MeV/c

55 Mean DATA = MC = MeV/c

56 Number of Events (a) DATA (b) MC Invariant mass (MeV/c 2 )

57 momentum (MeV/c) (a) DATA (b) MC opening angle (deg.) <R MC >/<R DATA > ±2.5% Momentum (MeV/c)

58 Momentum/Range (MeV/cm) DATA M.C. (Mom/Range) MC /(Mom/Range) DATA Range (cm)

59 (M.C./DATA) (%) LINAC decay-e π ±2.5% low stop-µ high stop-µ Momentum(MeV/c)

61 NUM 112 RUN 321 SUBRUN 112 EVENT DATE 96-Oct-29 TIME 16:45: 5 TOT PE: MAX PE: 27.3 NMHIT : 312 ANT-PE: 47.3 ANT-MX: 14.2 NMHITA: 35 NUM 2 RUN 2534 SUBRUN 2 EVENT 944 DATE 96-Aug-15 TIME : 7:59 TOT PE: MAX PE: 25.8 NMHIT : 1927 ANT-PE: 25.6 ANT-MX: 2.3 NMHITA: 34 NUM 6 RUN 1879 SUBRUN 29 EVENT DATE 96-Jun-11 TIME 2:45:17 TOT PE: MAX PE: NMHIT : 427 ANT-PE: ANT-MX: 39.8 NMHITA: 1

63 Fully-contained (FC) Partially-contained (PC) Raw Data 6 1 /day ~4/day 1st. Reduction 1st. Reduction ~14/day ~5 /day 2nd. Reduction 2nd. Reduction ~2/day ~3 /day 3rd. Reduction 3rd. Reduction ~1/day ~2 /day 4th. Reduction 4th. Reduction ~2/day 5th. Reduction ~2/day Scan1 Scan2 Scan1 Scan2 16/day Final Scan Final Scan.8/day 8.4/day FC Final Sample PC Final Sample.57/day

64 Number of events Number of events (a) Data (b) final sample data MC PE 3

65 Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC PE max /PE 3 Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC N hita

68 N match N match (a) after eye-scanning (b) flasher events CUT CUT max R match

70 Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC T width (ns) Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC N clust

72 more charge Cluster 1 less charge Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC N clustmin

73 Number of OD cluster >2 1 (a) Data Number of OD cluster >2 1 (c) final sample (data) Number of OD cluster >2 1 (b) MC Number of OD cluster >2 1 (d) final sample (MC) PE PE 2

74 Number of Events final sample (Number of OD cluster) = data MC Number of Events final sample (Number of OD cluster) = 1 data MC PE2

75 Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC Number of OD hits within 8m

76 entrance position Inner detector l µ muon track o 42 l ph photon PMT exit position

77 NUM 1 RUN 2625 SUBRUN 1 EVENT 462 DATE 96-Aug-27 TIME 9:5:59 TOT PE: MAX PE: NMHIT : 8664 ANT-PE: ANT-MX: 39.5 NMHITA: 152

78 fit goodness fit goodness (a) Data fit goodness (b) MC.1 (d) final sample (MC) muon track length (cm) fit goodness (c) final sample (data) muon track length (cm) Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC DCORN (cm)

84 σ(1-38 cm 2 ) ANL GGM Serpukhov σ(1-38 cm 2 ) GGM Serpukhov Energy(GeV) Energy(GeV) cosθ BNL simulation neutrino energy (GeV)

86 CC single-π production cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ) νp l - Pπ + ν - N l + Nπ energy (GeV) νn l - Pπ ν - P l + Pπ energy (GeV) cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ) νn l - Nπ + ν - P l + Pπ energy (GeV)

87 NC single-π production cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ) νn νnπ ν - N ν - Nπ energy (GeV) νp νpπ ν - P ν - Pπ energy (GeV) cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ) νn νpπ - ν - N ν - Pπ energy (GeV) νp νnπ + ν - P ν - Nπ energy (GeV)

89 multi-π production cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ) νn l - N mπ ν - N l + N mπ energy (GeV) νn νn mπ ν - N ν - N mπ energy (GeV)

91 cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ) ν 16 O l ±16 Oπ ν 16 O ν 16 Oπ energy (GeV)

93 cross section (mb) total inelastic absorption charge exchange 3 total 2 inelastiic 1 absorption charge exchange P π (MeV/c)

94 d 2 σ/dωdp π (µb/sr/(mev/c)) 1.9 γ + 12 C π - + X Θ γπ =44.2 o E γ =368MeV γ + 12 C π + + X Θ γπ =44.2 o E γ =468MeV P π (MeV/c) d 2 σ/dωdp π (µb/sr/(mev/c)) 1.9 γ + 12 C π - + X Θ γπ =52 o E γ =391MeV γ + 12 C π + + X Θ γπ =52 o E γ =391MeV P π (MeV/c)

95 attenuation coefficient(1/m) 1-1 Dec.-3,4-96 Dec Jan total Dec Dec Mar absorption 1-2 Mie scattering Rayleigh scattering wavelength (nm)

96 reflection (%) reflection (%) incoming angle (degree) incoming angle (degree)

100 number of p.e second derivarive degree

101 FC e-like (cm) FC µ-like (cm) PC (cm)

102 42 deg. ring (possible center) hit PMT center (most probable) Cherenkov ring 15 θ(degrees) φ(degrees)

103 efficiency fiducial volume ν e D wall (cm) efficiency fiducial volume ν µ D wall (cm) efficiency ν e momentum (MeV/c) efficiency ν µ momentum (MeV/c)

104

105 probability p.e. expected 5 p.e. expected 1 p.e. expected 2 p.e. expected observed charge (p.e.)

106

107 Number of events 4 35 µ-like e-like 3 sub-gev Number of events multi-gev µ-like e-like PID estimator

108

109 Sub-GeV e-like (cm) Sub-GeV µ-like (cm) Multi-GeV e-like (cm) Multi-GeV µ-like (cm)

110 Sub-GeV e-like (deg) Sub-GeV µ-like (deg) Multi-GeV e-like(deg) Multi-GeV µ-like(deg)

111

112

113 (MeV/c) 2 lepton momentum muon electron (%) RTOT electron 6 4 momentum resolution muon (MeV/c) momentum

114

115

116 Fully-Contained Partially-Contained Number of events Number of hits in outer detector cluster 1 4 Number of events Number of cerenkov rings

117

118 1 3 FC 1 2 PC Number of events Number of events Visible energy (GeV) Visible energy (GeV)

119

120 1 sub-gev e-like sub-gev µ-like 8 sub-gev e-like sub-gev µ-like multi-gev e-like 6 multi-gev µ-like multi-gev e-like 3 multi-gev µ-like FC all event 4 2 PC FC all event PC -1 1 Z(cm) -1 1 Z(cm) 1 2 x 1 3 R 2 (cm) 1 2 x 1 3 R 2 (cm) Number of events Number of events sub-gev e-like sub-gev µ-like sub-gev µ/e Number of events Number of events multi-gev e-like multi-gev µ-like + PC multi-gev µ/e µ/e 2 µ/e D wall (cm) D wall (cm)

121 Number of events FC e-like DATA/MC FC e-like FC µ-like PC 2.5 FC µ-like PC Number of events 4 2 DATA/MC µ/e (µ/e) DATA /(µ/e) MC P lep (MeV/c) P lep (MeV/c)

122

123

124

125

126 Inner detector wall Fromwall Dwall vertex direction

127 Number of events sub-gev µ-like Fromwall dist all volume data MC Number of events multi-gev µ-like Fromwall dist all volume data MC 2 1 Number of events3 background Number of events background Number of events %CL upper limit background Number of events %CL upper limit background Fromwall (cm) Fromwall (cm) Number of events 4 2 PC Fromwall dist all volume data MC Number of events Number of events background 9%CL upper limit background Fromwall (cm)

128

129

130 18 o νe 15 o CC elastic 12 o 9 o 6 o opening angle 3 o o 18 o 15 o νµ CC elastic 12 o 9 o 6 o 3 o o (MeV/c) lepton momentum

131

132 Number of events sub-gev e-like Number of events sub-gev µ-like Number of events 9 multi-gev e-like cosθ Number of events multi-gev µ-like+pc cosθ DATA/MC DATA/MC sub-gev e-like multi-gev e-like cosθ DATA/MC DATA/MC sub-gev µ-like multi-gev µ-like+pc cosθ µ/e (µ/e) DATA /(µ/e) MC sub-gev sub-gev cosθ µ/e (µ/e) DATA /(µ/e) MC multi-gev multi-gev cosθ

133 .6.4 FC e-like (U-D)/(U+D) FC µ-like PC (U-D)/(U+D) P lep (MeV/c)

134

135 Mean momentum (MeV/c) % cosθ

136

137 2.2 sub-gev e-like 2.2 sub-gev µ -like log (P(GeV/c)) log (P(GeV/c)) cosθ multi-gev e-like cosθ cosθ multi-gev µ -like PC cosθ

138

139

140 efficiency efficiency FC e-like FC µ-like neutrino energy (GeV) FC µ-like + PC PC neutrino energy (GeV)

141 Density (g/cm 3 ) Radius (km) m 2 (ev 2 ) % 99% sin 2 2θ

142

143 m 2 (ev 2 ) m 2 (ev 2 ) % 99% sin 2 θ % 99% sin 2 θ 13

144 %C.L. 9%C.L %C.L. 9%C.L χ 2 -χ 2 min χ 2 -χ 2 min sin 2 θ 23 sin 2 θ 13

145

146 Number of events sub-gev e-like Number of events sub-gev µ-like Number of events 9 multi-gev e-like cosθ Number of events multi-gev µ-like + PC cosθ.6.4 FC e-like (U-D)/(U+D) FC µ-like PC (U-D)/(U+D) P lep (MeV/c)

147 flavor flavor (ν µ ν τ ) χ 2 -χ 2 min % 99% χ 2 -χ 2 min % 99% m 2 (ev 2 ) m 2 (ev 2 )

148 (U-D)/(U+D) (U-D)/(U+D) (a) sub-gev e-like 3 flavor 2 flavor (ν µ ν τ ) (c) multi-gev e-like (b) sub-gev µ-like (d) multi-gev µ-like + PC m 2 (ev 2 ) m 2 (ev 2 )

149

150 m 2 (ev 2 ) CHOOZ (exclude) Bugey (exclude) Gösgen (exclude) m 2 (ev 2 ) K2K MINOS sin 2 2θ ee 1-1 sin 2 2θ µµ m 2 (ev 2 ) K2K MINOS CHOOZ+SK (exclude) m 2 (ev 2 ) MINOS CHOOZ+SK (exclude) sin 2 2θ µe sin 2 2θ µτ

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

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