Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology. Glomus mosseae. Glomus mosseae g kg g kg g kg g mg kg

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1 Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology Vol No Glomus mosseae * Glomus mosseae g kg g kg g kg g kg mg kg mg kg mg kg mg kg - 1 As III X A Effect of Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Glomus mosseae on As Uptake of Upland Rice and Transformation of As Speciation in Soil Liu Yunxia Zhou Yiqi Dong Yan Sun Guoxin * Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Received 30 November 2011 accepted 10 February 2012 Abstract The accumulation of arsenic in rice was investigated by inoculation or non-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae. Inoculation of G. mosseae significantly increased the absorption of phosphate in rice shoot control g kg - 1 inoculation g kg - 1 and root control g kg - 1 inoculation g kg - 1 while decreased the accumulation of arsenic in corresponding rice shoot control mg kg - 1 inoculation mg kg - 1 and root control mg kg - 1 inoculation mg kg - 1. In the meantime inoculation enhanced the migration of phosphate from root to shoot so that the migration of arsenic was effectively inhibited from root to shoot of rice. Further investigation showed that inoculation of G. mosseae decreased the concentrations of total arsenic and arsenite in soil solution i. e. the amount of bioavailable arsenic in the soil decreased. Therefore the inoculation of G. mosseae can reduce the health risk of arsenic from rice to the population. Keywords rice arsenic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae % 1 50% No ZX yxliu@ rcees. ac. cn * Corresponding author gxsun@ rcees. ac. cn

5 A Effect of Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Glomus mosseae on As Uptake of Upland Rice and Transformation of As Speciation in Soil Liu Yunxia Zhou Yiqi Dong Yan Sun Guoxin * Research

2 196 7 As cm 12 cm PVC ATSDR 14 cm 8 cm μm 3-6 NH 4 NO 3 K 2 SO 4 N K Pearson 5 ~ Glomus mosseae 460 g 40 g Glomus mosseae g 40 g 500 g 9-11 arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi g 7 cm AMF AMF AMF 10% H O 2 10 min AMF d 2 14 d 1 Materials and methods 1. 1 Glomus mosseae 12% 33% h Oryza sative LAPAR h 6-80 ph m v 20 mg kg - 1 NaHCO As 84 mg kg - 1 Cr 42 mg kg - 1 Cu 36 mg kg - 1 Fe mg kg - 1 Mg mg kg - 1 Pb 372 mg kg - 1 Zn 101 mg kg g 2 ml HNO 3 HCl HClO 4 ICP-OES Optima 2000DV Perkin-Elmer Co. USA 2 mm γ 25 kgy 10 MeV cm 1 1 Mars 5 CEM Corp. 20 ml ICP-OES 2 mm Optima 2000 DV Perkin-Elmer 1 1 AFS-2202E

1 000 g 7 cm AMF 1 12-14 AMF 1. 3 3 1 15-18 4 4 16 AMF 10% H 19-21 2 O 2 10 min AMF - 30 2 d 2 14 d 1 Materials and methods 1.

3 2 Glomus mosseae g 10 ml 1% CEM Mars 5 CEM Corp. Matthews NC Table 1 min min min rpm 10 min μm - HPLC-IPC-MS μm HPLC-IPC-MS As V As III Results and analysis 2. 1 / Dry weight ratio of root to shoot and inoculation rate of G. mosseae to upland rice / /g /g /% ± ± ± ± ± ± GBW g 100 ml ml h 4 ml h Millipore Milli Q 30 As V 50 ml GBW07405 As III As III 11. 2% % 1 27 Liu 28 1 G. mosseae 150 mg kg ~ 40 Fig. 1 Concentrations of As and P in shoot and root mg kg - 1 of rice in control group and inoculated with G. mosseae

87 ± 0. 81 1. 28 ± 0. 30-7. 16 ± 1. 06 6. 69 ± 0. 90 1. 09 ± 0. 24 11. 17 GBW 07603 4 0. 25 g 100 ml 2.

4 198 7 Duan mg kg mg kg mg kg mg kg G. mosseae 3 As V As III p < g kg g kg g kg g kg - 1 As III As V 1 As III 4 As V As III 6 As V As III Sharples As III As III 2 As V As V H 2 AsO - 4 HAsO 2-4 As V As III 2 G. mosseae Fig. 3 Concentrations of arsenic species Fig. 2 As and P concentration ratios between shoot and in soil solution at different times root of rice in control group and inoculated with G. mosseae left control group right inoculation group 3

7 As V 1 As III 4 As V As III 6 As V As III Sharples 35-36 As III As III 2 As V As V H 2 AsO - 4 HAsO 2-4 As V As III 2 G. mosseae Fig.

5 2 Glomus mosseae J Khan A G Kueck T M Chaudrhry C S et al. Role of plants mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation J. Chemosphere AM ph As III J Hua J F Lin X G Jiang Q. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on arsenic uptake and rhizosphere ph of Nicotiana tabacum L. J. Ecology and Environmental 1972 Sciences in Chinese 20 1 Ontario Ministry of the Environment. Arsenic in the Environment EB /OL http / /www. ene. gov. on. ca /cons / 3792e. htm 2 Meacher D M Menzel D B Dillencourt M D et al. Estimation of multimedia inorganic arsenic intake in the US population J. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Meliker J R Franzblau A Slotnick M J et al. Major contributors to inorganic arsenic intake in southeastern Michigan J. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health Schoof R A Yost L J Crecelius E et al. Dietary arsenic intake in Taiwanese districts with elevated arsenic in drinking water J. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Tsuji J S Yost L J Barraj L M et al. Use of background inorganic arsenic exposures to provide perspective on risk assessment results J. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology Williams P N Raab A Feldmann J et al. Market basket survey shows elevated levels of As in south central U. S. processed rice compared to California Consequences for human dietary exposure J. Environmental Science & Technology Abedin M J Cresser M S Meharg A A et al. Arsenic accumulation and metabolism in rice Oryza sativa L. J. Environmental Science & Technology Leyval C Turnau K Haselwandter K. Effect of heavy metal pollution on mycorrhizal colonisation and function physiological ecological and applied aspects J. Mycorrhiza Zhu Y G Laidlaw A S Christie P et al. The specificity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in perennial ryegrass white clover pasture agriculture J. Ecosystems and Environment Chen B D Tao H Q Li X L et al. The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in zinc uptake by red clover growing in a calcareous soil spiked with various quantities of zinc J. Chemosphere Christie P Li X L Chen B D. Arbuscular mycorrhiza can depress translocation of zinc to shoots of host plants in soils moderately polluted with zinc J. Plant and Soil Galli U Schuepp H Brunold C. Heavy metal binding by mycorrhizal fungi J. Physiologia Plantarum Janouskova M Pavlikova D Macek T et al. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth and cadmium uptake of tobacco with inserted metallothionein gene J. Applied Soil Ecology Tullio M Pierandrei F Salemo A et al. Tolerance to cadmium of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae spores isolated from a cadmium-polluted and unpolluted soil J. Biology and Fertility of Soils J Xia Y S Chen B D Zhu Y G et al. Effects of different iron 8. sources and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth and phosphorus and arsenic uptake by maize plants Zea mays L. J Chen H M Zheng C R Xu C et al. Metal pollution in soils in As contaminated soil J. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae in China Status and countermeasures J. AMBIO in Chinese in Chinese 20.

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on arsenic uptake and rhizosphere ph of Nicotiana tabacum L. J.

6 200 7 J Bai J F Lin X G Yin R et al. Bio-remediation of arsenicpolluted soil Recent advancements J. Soils Dong Y Zhu Y G Smith F A. Arbuscular mycorrhiza enhanced arsenic resistance of both white clover Trifolium repens Linn. and ryegrass Lolium perenne L. plants in an arsenic - contaminated soil J. Environmental Pollution Pearson J N Jackobsen I. The relative contribution of hyphae and roots to phosphorus uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants measured by dual labelling with 32 P and 33 P J. New Phytologist Sun G X Williams P N Zhu Y G et al. Survey of arsenic and its speciation in rice products such as breakfast cereals rice crackers and Japanese rice condiments J. Environment International Sun G X Williams P N Carey A - M et al. Inorganic arsenic in rice bran and its products are an order of magnitude higher than in bulk grain J. Environmental Science & Technology Giovannetti M Mosse B. An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots J. New Phytologist D Ahmed F R S Killham K Alexander I. Influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on growth and nutrition of lentil irrigated with arsenic contaminated water J. Plant and Soil Liu Y Zhu Y G Chen B D et al. Yield and arsenate uptake of arbuscular mycorrhizal tomato colonized by Glomus mosseae BEG167 in As spiked soil under glasshouse conditions J. Environment International VA J Chen B D Xiao X Y Zhu Y G et al. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae gives contradictory effects on phosphorus and arsenic acquisition by Medicago sativa Linn J. Science of the Total Environment Duan G L Zhu Y G Tong Y P et al. Characterization of arsenate reductase in the extract of roots and fronds of Chinese brake fern an arsenic hyperaccumulatior J. Plant Physiology Meharg A A Macnair M R. Suppression of the high-affinity phosphate-uptake system A mechanism of arsenate tolerance on Holcus Lanatus L. J. Journal of Experimental Botany Rosen B P. Biochemistry of arsenic detoxification J. FEBS Letters Chen B D Zhu Y G Duan J et al. Effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on growth and metal uptake by four plant species in copper mine tailings J. Environmental Pollution Sharples J M Meharg A A Chambers S M et al. Mechanism of arsenate resistance in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphus ericae J. Plant Physiology Sharples J M Meharg A A Chambers S M et al. Evolution Symbiotic solution to arsenic contamination J. Nature Ye W L Wood B A Stroud J L et al. Arsenic speciation in phloem and xylem exudates of castor bean J. Plant Physiology D. 2008

Environmental Pollution 2008 155 1 174-181 22 Pearson J N Jackobsen I.

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