Τίτλος Μαθήματος: Αγγλική Γλώσσα ΙV. Ενότητα: Αγαμέμνων (Agamemnon) Διδάσκουσα: Δρ. Θ.Τσελίγκα-Γκαζιάνη. Τμήμα: Φιλολογίας

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1 Τίτλος Μαθήματος: Αγγλική Γλώσσα ΙV Ενότητα: Αγαμέμνων (Agamemnon) Διδάσκουσα: Δρ. Θ.Τσελίγκα-Γκαζιάνη Τμήμα: Φιλολογίας

2 ACADEMIC VOCABULARY SERIES Adjectives and Adverbs in Academic Writing Academic texts depend heavily on adjectives (which modify nouns and noun phrases) and adverbs (which modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs) in order to communicate meaning effectively. The most obvious long-range benefit from the fission process is the potential to provide a source of power that would assure a higher standard of living in those countries that do not have adequate reserves of fossil fuel. Excerpt from: Eisenhud, M., &Gesell, T. (1997). Environmental Radioactivity. San Diego: Academic Press. Adjectives The following adjectives are commonly used in academic texts. Try using them in your assignments in place of the more informal, colloquial expressions you use in conversation. importance size/ amount / intensity / frequency quality variation Common Academic Adjectives important / salient necessary significant high / increasing low / declining adequate / sufficient prime / main / primary / major only / sole annual / hourly indiscriminate new / innovative economical consistent sustainable abstract hierarchical different / alternative variable Examples of use with nouns* most commonly found in academic texts salient feature significant subsidy sole indicator primary consideration only restriction indiscriminate consumption declining interest increasing birthrate annual evaluation innovative strategy economical estimate consistent representation sustainable solution abstract concept hierarchical organization alternative options variable dimensions

3 ACADEMIC VOCABULARY SERIES probability likely / possible sure / definite / inevitable impossible likely paradigm possible scenario inevitable outcome * Note that these nouns are very common in academic texts. If you do not know their meanings, and how to use them, refer to the Examples Bank in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English software. Then try using them in your writing where appropriate. Adverbs Academic texts generally contain fewer adverbs than adjectives. Those adverbs that are most commonly used across all disciplines generally fall into the following four categories. Category Most common adverbs Intensifiers More/ very / extremely / even / quite Examples of use Surviving the extremely cold conditions required more perseverance than even the seasoned hunters were prepared for. restrictives Only / particularly Female students, particularly those who are fair-skinned, need to take extra precaution to protect themselves when participating in the outdoor project. hedges Usually / sometimes / generally / probably / relatively / perhaps This procedure is perhaps one of the most complicated one in medical history; it is usually carried out by highly experienced teams with very sophisticated equipment. additives Further / also It was further argued that fair pricing was another area that needs to be considered as a substantive measure. References: Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow, Essex: Pearson. Coxhead, A. (2000). The new academic word list. TESOL Quarterly, 34 (2), Dr. Elaine Khoo, The Writing Centre, University of Toronto at Scarborough. See terms and conditions for use at

4 Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων Τέλος Ενότητας

5 Χρηματοδότηση Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί στα πλαίσια του εκπαιδευτικού έργου του διδάσκοντα. Το έργο «Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα στο Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων» έχει χρηματοδοτήσει μόνο τη αναδιαμόρφωση του εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Το έργο υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος «Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» και συγχρηματοδοτείται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) και από εθνικούς πόρους. Σημειώματα Σημείωμα Αναφοράς Copyright Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων, Διδάσκουσα: Δρ. Θ.Τσελίγκα-Γκαζιάνη. «Αγγλική Γλώσσα ΙV. Αγαμέμνων (Agamemnon)». Έκδοση: 1.0. Ιωάννινα Διαθέσιμο από τη δικτυακή διεύθυνση: Σημείωμα Αδειοδότησης Το παρόν υλικό διατίθεται με τους όρους της άδειας χρήσης Creative Commons Αναφορά Δημιουργού - Παρόμοια Διανομή, Διεθνής Έκδοση 4.0 [1] ή μεταγενέστερη. [1]