Η ΠΟΡΕΙΑ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΟ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟ ΠΑΓΚΟΣΜΙΟ ΠΟΛΕΜΟ ( ). ΒΡΕΤΑΝΟΙ ΚΑΙ ΓΑΛΛΟΙ ΔΙΠΛΩΜΑΤΕΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΡΩΤΗ ΓΡΑΜΜΗ

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1 . ( ). 2012

2 . ( ). 11/1/2013 :. «.» 1

3 ,. 2

4 CAB: Cabinet Papers BWBB: British War Blue Book DBFP: Documents on British Foreign Policy DDF: Documents Diplomatiques Français DGFP: Documents on German Foreign Policy : NA: National Archives 3

5 1) 5 2) Quai d Orsay - British Foreign Office: ) :.. 13 Nevile Meyrick Henderson ( ) Robert Coulondre ( ) ) : Basil Cochrane Newton ( ) Victor de Lacroix ( ) ) : 60 André François-Poncet ( ).. 63 James Eric Drummond ( ) ) : ; Jósef Beck. 82 Léon No l ( ) William Howard Kennard ( ). 97 6) : ) )

6 ...«,. ; 1618,.,. ; ;,.,,,. Einmal ist keinmal.» ,.,.,,,,,,,. - -,.,,.,,,,.,.,,, 1,, (. ), 2003,

7 ., ,.,,,,,.,, -.,,,.,,,..,..,.,.,,,,.,,,,,. - -,,. 6

8 Quai d Orsay - British Foreign Office:. «,,,,. [...] ,..,,,. 3,. 4 o,.,, Harold Nicolson,. 5, 2 Keith Hamilton Richard Langhorne, The Practice of Diplomacy,, 1995, Mai a K. David Cross, The European Diplomatic Corps,, 2007, The management of international relations by negotiation; the method by which these relations are adjusted and managed by ambassadors and envoys; the business or art of the diplomatist; skill or address in the conduct of international intercourse and negotiations. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 3 rd ed.,. 1, (. William Little, H. W. Fowler, J. Coulson),, 1964, Nicolson,..,.,,. Harold Nicolson, Diplomacy,, 1958,

9 .,, status quo,...,,., Quai d Orsay.,,,.,.,.,.,,,,,. 6.,,.,. (,,, ).,.,, 1930, Jules Basdevant. 6 Melanie Morisse-Schilbach, France, Foreign Ministries in the European Union: Integrating Diplomats (. Brian Hocking, David Spence), 2002,

10 Alexis Léger Paul argeton, René Massigli Quai d Orsay, 1933,. Hitler. 9 Léger,,. Massigli 1938, Georges Bonnet. 1938,. 10 Emile Charveriat, Massigli Quai d Orsay, Léger. 11 Charles Rochat ,. Rochat Léger.,, Massigli, Edvard Bene, Jósef Beck,, Massigli,. 12,., 7 Alexis Saint-Léger Léger, Perse Saint-John Quai d Orsay Vichy,.,. Saint-John Perse, he official web site of the Nobel Prize, ( Elizabeth R. Cameron, Alexis Saint-Léger Léger, Diplomats (. Gordon A. Craig and Felix Gilbert), 1994, Bargeton, assigli, Robert Coulondre, Albert amerer Victor de Lacroix. 9 Jean Baillau (.), Histoire de l administration française: les Affaires étrangères et les Corps diplomatique français, vol. 2, ,, 1984, Raphäelle Ulrich-Pier, "René Massigli and Germany, ", French Foreign and Defense Policy, The Decline and Fall of A Great Power (. Robert Boyce), 1998, Frederick Lewis Schuman, War and diplomacy in the French Republic: an inquiry into political motivations and the control of foreign policy,, 1969, Robert J. Young, In command of France: French foreign policy and military planning, ,, 1978, Patrick Weil, How to be French: Nationality in the Making Since 1789,, 2008, Rapha le Ulrich-Pier, René Massigli ( ): un vie de diplomate,. 1,, 2006, Bene Beck

11 ,. 14, Y.,,. 15,..,. 16.,,,. 1930, Anthony Eden Neville Chamberlain. 17 Chamberlain,, , Sir Eric Clare Edmund Phipps ( ). Phipps , 13 Christina Larner, The Amalgamation of the Diplomatic Service with the Foreign Office, Journal of Contemporary History, 7/12 (1972), David Dilks, The British Foreign Office between the wars, Shadow and Substance in British Foreign Policy (. B.J.C. McKercher D.J. Moss), 1984, Zara Steiner, The Foreign Office under Sir Edward Grey, , British Foreign Office Under Sir Edward Grey (. F. H. Hinsley), 1977, , (Assistant Under-Secretary, Permanent Under-Secretary),. Zara Steiner, The Foreign and Commonwealth Office: resistance and adaption to changing times, The Foreign Office and the British diplomacy in the Twentieth century (. Gaynor Johnson), 2005, History of the Times. The 150 th Anniversary and beyond ( ), (. Office of The Times),. 4, , pt II,, 1952, Steiner, Commonwealth, , Sir Francis Bertie,. 1912,,, "Phipps, Eric Clare Edmund", Alumni Cantabrigienses: A 10

12 1933.,, Nevile Henderson. 20 Phipps, Chamberlain.,. 21, 1938.,,. 22, Hitler , Charles Corbin ( ). Quai d Orsay.,,. Eden,. 24,. Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900 (10 vols) (online ed.), ( ount=50). 20 Gaynor Johnson, Diplomatic Light and Shade : Sir Eric Phipps and Anglo-french Relations , On The Fringes of Diplomacy. Influences on British Foreign Policy, (. John Fischer, Anthony Best), 2011, Hermann,.., Hitler,.,.,.,, Chamberlain,. John Herman, The Paris Embassy of Sir Eric Phipps: Anglo-French Relations and the Foreign Office, ,, 1998, Herman,.., Bonnet Quai d Orsay. Phipps, Paul-Boncour. 11 Halifax: «... Paul-Boncour,». Ralph Parker, Anglo-French Conversations, April and September 1938, Les Relations Franco-Allemandes (. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), 1976, Anthony Eden, (Earl of Avon), The Eden Memoirs: Facing the Dictators ( ),, 1962,

13 Quai d Orsay Léger,..,. Sir Eric Phipps,,,. 25,,,. Édouard Daladier Georges Bonnet,,.,,,.. 25 Nicholas Atkin, The Forgotten French: Exiles in the British Isles, ,, 2003, The Times,

14 :.. «Hitler,.,,...» o Adolf Hitler,,., 1924.,,. 27, Hitler., ,, -,. 1935,, Hitler,. 29,,, Stresa, 26 Harold Nicolson, Diaries and Letters, vol.i: , (. N. Nicolson),, Milan Hauner, Did Hitler want a World Dominion?, Journal of Contemporary History, 13/1 (1978), Stephan Marks, ;, (. ),, 2011, , Jason Adams Ranke, The Anglo-American Press and the "secret" Rearmament of Hitler's Germany, ,, 2009,

15 ,. 30,,,. 31. Hitler Mussolini,. 32,,., , Hitler Mussolini Franco. 34 -, -, Hitler,. 36,.,, Danzig,.,,. 37,., 1939,.,, 1 30 George W. Baer, Test Case: Italy, Ethiopia and the League of Nations,, 1976, Robert Mallett, Mussolini and the Origins of the Second World War, ,, 2003, History of the Times, ,,., Hoare-Laval. Hoare, Laval. Keith Robbins, Experiencing the foreign : British foreign policy makers and the delights of travel, Diplomacy and world power, Studies in British Foreign Policy, (. Michael Dockrill and Brian McKercher), 1996, Klaus Hildebrand, Das Dritte Reich,, 2009, Jaume Miravlittes, Los comunicados secretos de Franco, Hitler y Mussolini,, 1977, José Miguel Campo Rizo, La ayuda de Mussolini a Franco en la Guerra Civil Española,, 2009, Zach Shore, Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine, Journal of Contemporary History, 34/1 (1999), Maurice Williams, German Imperialism and Austria, 1938, Journal of Contemporary History, 14 (1979), Hildebrand, Reich,

16 ,. 38 Nevile Meyrick Henderson ( ), Neville Chamberlain,,. 1948, Winston Churchill, The Gathering Storm,., Foreign Office , ,..,, -,. Sir Llewellyn Woodward.,,. 39,.,.,..,. 40 Nevile Henderson,, 38. Hitler,. Hermann Göring, o Joseph Göbbels, Reinhard Heydrich, einrich Himmler, Martin Bormann, Alfred Rosenberg, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Rudolf Hess, Albert Speer,. Joachim C. Fest, The Face of the Third Reich (. Weidenfeld and Nicolson Ltd),, Robert S. Wistrich (.), Who s Who in Nazi Germany,, Watt, ambassadors, William Rock, British Appeasement in the 1930s,, 1977,

17 , Sir Horace Rumbold Sir Eric Phipps,. 41 Phipps Nevile Hendesron, Chamberlain,. 42 O Oliver Harvey, Anthony Eden, : «Ribbentrop». 43 Eden, Henderson «,». 44 Henderson Sir Robert Vansittart,,. 45 Henderson, Neville Chamberlain,,. 46., , Stanley Baldwin Phipps. - Hitler., , Göring.,. Phipps : ( Animals this time I hope ). Peter Neville, Hitler and Appeasement: the British attempt to prevent the Second World War,, 2006, Lewis Namier, Diplomatic Prelude,, 1948, I hope we are not sending another Ribbentrop to Berlin. J. Harvey (.), The Diplomatic Diaries of Oliver Harvey ,, 1971, 23/4/ Kurt von Schuschnigg, The Brutal Takeover,, 1971, Neville, Appeasement, O Robert Vansittart -, 1890.,. Vansittartism. Aaron Goldman, Germans and Nazis; The controversy over Vasnittartism in Britain during the Second World War, Journal of Contemporary History, 13/4 (1978), Henderson Robert Vansittart,,. Sir Percy Loraine., Chamberlain, Nevile Henderson. Peter Neville, The Appointment of Sir Nevile Henderson, Design or Blunder, Journal of Contemporary History, 33/4 (1998),

18 Hitler. 47,, Henderson Sir Horace Wilson,. Henderson,.,,.,,,,. 48, Henderson, 49.,,. Henderson,,.,,,. Hitler,. Henderson., Henderson,., Anschluss,, Henderson., 47 I remember also asking Mr. Chamberlain whether, as a Prime Minister, he would object to my being, if I thought it necessary, slightly indiscreet on first arrival in Berlin. His reply was to the effect that a calculated indiscretion was sometimes a very useful form of diplomacy and that he had himself recently had experience of its value. Henderson, Failure of a Mission,, 1940, Henderson,..,. vii. 49 Henderson,..,. vi. 17

19 Göring, Henderson Dr. Kurt von Schuschnigg,,, Halifax. 50 Henderson Foreign Office. 1938, Henderson. Wilson,, ,. 53 Ribbentrop, Henderson,.. Henderson. Henderson Ernst von Weizsӓcker,,. 54. Konrad Henlein, 50 DBFP, 3 rd series, I, No. 24, Henderson Halifax, Dr. Kurt von Schuschnigg 13, Hitler. -. William Shirer,,. 2 (.. ),,.., DBFP, 3 rd series, I,. 115, Henderson Halifax, Daladier Bonnet..,.,., 22,. Parker, «..», P.M.H Bell., France and Britain ,, 1996, Daladier. Sir Alexander Cadogan,, awful rubbish. Dilks David (.), The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, ,, 1972, Namier, Prelude,

20 . 55 Henderson., Sir Orme Sargent,,. 56, Henderson 1938., Vansittart. O,, André Francois-Poncet,. 57 Halifax Hitler, Henderson., Ribbentrop Hitler,.,. 58, Henderson,., Henderson ,, Ribbentrop.,,, Anschluss., Henderson,. 59,, Henderson,. o Anschluss, o, we do not really help ourselves if we allow the Germans to get away with these statements. Shirer,.., Nevile, Appeasement, Aulach Harindar, Britain and the Sudeten Issue, 1938: The Evolution of a policy, Journal of Contemporary History, 18/2 (1983), Giles Macdonough, Hitler s gamble,, 2009, Lewis Namier, Europe in Decay,, 1950, Henderson,..,

21 . 60,. 61, Henderson., 1938 Sir Alexander Cadogan,, Halifax Hitler. Henderson,. Sir Joseph Addison , Addison -,. 62, Henderson. Plan Z, Hitler,, Henderson. 63..,,. Hitler ,,., Hitler,,. Hitler , Henderson Hitler,. 60 Namier, Decay, DGFP, series D, II, Peter Neville, Nevile Henderson and Basil Newton. Two British Envoys in the Czech crisis 1938, The Munich Crisis, 1938 (. Igor Lukes, Erik Goldstein), 1999, Chamberlain, Hitler,.. John Charmley, Chamberlain and the lost peace,, 1989, , Giles Macdonogh Chamberlain Hitler. Macdonough,.., William Shirer,, Hitler,. Shirer,..,

22 ,,. Hitler,. 65,.,. 66,, Henderson..,. :,.,. Heinrich Himmler Joseph Göbbels,. Konstantin von Neurath Ernst von Weizsӓcker,. 67 Göring,. 68,,, Göring - Ribbentrop- Henderson, Reichsmarschall Shirer,.., Watt, ambassadors,. 147, Birger Dalherus (, Göring.., Göring. A Dalherus. Raymond Probst, "Good Offices" in the Light of Swiss International Practice and Experience,, 1989,. 37),. Jean-Pierre Azéma, 1940, l'année terrible,, 1990, Shirer,.., Henderson,.., Henderson,..,. 76. Birger Dalherus , Göring,. Shirer,.., David Irving,, (. ),, 2009,

23 Hitler, Henderson. Eric Phipps, o Hitler, 70 Henderson «[ ]». 71,,.. Henderson, Hitler, («,») 72,., Hitler,.. 73 O Henderson, Hitler.,,., Hitler Henderson,. 74 Halifax,, Neville, Appeasement, a visionary of genius and a man who was able to tell the German people what it was that they wanted. Henderson,.., He drank no wine, he did not smoke, and he ate no meat. Henderson,.., DBFP, 3 rd series, I,. 85 Henderson Halifax, ,. 86, Henderson Halifax, David Lloyd George, 1936 Berchestgaden,. Nevile, Appeasement, O Hitler,,,.,,. O Hitler,... Shirer,.., BWBB, No. 9, Henderson Halifax,

24 , Henderson,.,,.,.,,. o, 19, Henderson,, 1940, Chamberlain. 76 Henderson,. O L. Namier «,,,, [ ],,.,,, (homme néfaste)». 77 «Hitler Hitler.» 78,., «[ ] [...] [ ]». 79 William Shirer,,.. 80, 76 Watt, ambassadors, Shirer,.., B, Namier 1940,. Hedva Ben- Israel, Cross Purposes: British Reactions to the German Anti-Nazi Opposition, Journal of Contemporary History, 20/3 (1985), Donald Cameron Watt, How War Came,, 1989, Henderson,.., Shirer,..,

25 Ribbentrop,.,, Hitler, Paul Schmidt. 81, Chamberlain. Konrad Henlein,, Hitler, Henderson Henlein.. 82 David Irving, «-,». 83 Robert Coulondre ( ) Henderson,. Robert Coulondre,., ,,,..,. 1932, -. 84, Barthou, Pierre Laval, 81 Paul Schmidt, Hitler s Interpreter,, 1951, Ralph Parker, Reviewed work(s): Appeasing Hitler: The Diplomacy of Sir Nevile Henderson, , By Peter Neville., The Journal of Modern History, 73/2 (2001), Irving,, To , , Barthou, Barthou. Barthou, , Usta e Barthou. F.W M. Deakin Anglo-French policy in relation to South-East Europe, , Les relations Franco- Britanniques (.Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), 1975,

26 .,, Laval 1935 (,, Louis Barthou) , O Robert Coulondre ,. Quai d Orsay. Paul-Boncour,. Charles Alphand,, Coulondre. 87, ,. 88,,.,,. 89 Delbos,,.,. 90 Coulondre.,.. Maxim Litvinov,, Coulondre. 85 James F. McMillan, Dreyfus to De Gaulle. Politics and Ideology in France, ,, 1985, Michael Jabara Carley, The alliance that never was and the coming of the World War II,, 1999, Carley,.., John E. Dreifort, The French Popular Front and the Franco- Soviet Pact, : A Dilemma in Foreign Policy, Journal of Contemporary History, 11 (1976), Robert Coulondre, De Staline á Hitler: Souvenirs de Deux Ambassades ,, 1950, Carley,..,. 5-7, Dreifort, «..»,

27 1935,. 91 Coulondre Litvinov,,. 92 Stalin, o Coulondre Commitern. 93 Commitern, ,,.,. 95,. 96 Gamelin,,, Anschluss, Coulondre. 98, Paul-Boncour, Coulondre - -.,. Blum 1938 Georges Bonnet,. 99, Coulondre. Quai d Orsay 91 Carley,.., Carley,..,. 3-4, Coulondre,.., Pierre Guillen, Franco-Italian Realtions in Flux, French Foreign and Defense Policy (. Robert Boyce), 1998, Coulondre,.., , Dreifort, «..», Livre Jaune, No.308, Coulondre Bonnet, Maurice G. Gamelin, Servir,, 1946, DGFP, series D, II, O Paul-Boncour. 5 Coulondre,.. Quai d Orsay. Joseph Paul-Boncour, Entre deux guerres. Souvenirs sur la IIIéme Republique,, 1946, Carley,.., Georges Bonnet, Défense de la paix,, 1946,

28 . 100, Bonnet , Coulondre.,. Sir Eric Phipps, Bonnet,. Bonnet,. 101 Coulondre,. Coulondre, Bonnet.,, Bonnet. 102,,. 103 ( ).,,. 104,. Coulondre, Jean Payart, Quai d Orsay.,. 105,, Bonnet Martin Thomas, France and the Czechoslovak Crisis, The Munich Crisis, Prelude to World War II (. Igor Lukes, Erik Goldstein), 1999, DBFP, 3 rd series, I,. 357, Phipps Halifax, Coulondre,.., Coulondre,,. 1,., -,. Coulondre,.., Litvinov,, Coulondre. Quai d Orsay,., 12, o Litvinov Coulondre. Coulondre, Litvinov, -. Thomas, «..», Carley,.., Carley,..,

29 . 106 Potemkin, Coulondre. 107,.,. 108, Coulondre Litvinov. Litvinov,,. Coulondre,, ,, Payart Coulondre. Quai d Orsay, -, Litvinov Viacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov. 111 Molotov,.,,,. 112 Litvinov Teschen, Bonnet,. Coulondre. Vladimir Potemkin,,. Potemkin,. Carley,.., Potemkin. : «, ;,». ( Mon pauvre ami, qu avez-vous fait? Pour nous, je n aperçois plus d autre issue qu un quatrième partage de la Pologne»). Coulondre,.., Maurice Baumont, La faillite de la paix ( ),, 1968, Coulondre,.., Georges Bonnet, Dans le tourmente, ,, 1971,. 135., Paul- mile Naggiar,. Alphand, Coulondre Payart, Naggiar. Naggiar Eric Labonne.,. Molotov 14. Labonne,.. Labonne. Carley,.., ,, «Litvinov,». William Shirer, The ightmare ears,, 2001, Winston Churchill,,.1, (. ),..,.., Robert Rothschild, Les Chemins de Munich. Une nuit de sept ans ,, 1988,

30 - Robert Coulondre.,,.,,. Coulondre., Georges Bonnet Robert Coulondre., André François-Poncet, Coulondre,, Hitler. Coulondre,,.,., Stresa. 114, Robert Coulondre,., Hitler. 115, Hitler,.,. 116,,. Ribbentrop ,. Ernst von Rath 7, Herschel Grynszpan. 117,., Coulondre., Ribbentrop. 114 Bonnet, Tourmente, Coulondre,.., Coulondre,.., David Irving,, (... ),. 1,, 2003, Shirer,..,

31 , Hitler, Coulondre. François- Poncet, 118 Hitler,,. 6 Bonnet-Ribbentrop,, Coulondre. 119 Bonnet 15,,., modus vivendi.. 120, Coulondre, Ribbentrop,.,., Coulondre,. 122,, Coulondre, 118 Livre Jaune, No.23, Coulondre Bonnet, Hitler,, Irving,, O Ribbentrop,, Wiehl.,. o Hitler ( ), Daladier. 1 Coulondre Hitler Daladier,, -., 15, -,. Thomas, «..», Livre Jaune, No.33, Coulondre Bonnet, Livre Jaune, No.46, Coulondre Bonnet, Weizcäcker : «.,». ( Le Gouvernement français considère qu il se trouve en face d une violation flagrante des accord du Munich. Il ne peut reconnaître la légitimité de la situation nouvelle créée en Tchécoslovaquie par 30

32 , -,., - 6.,.,. 124 Coulondre., Hitler , Coulondre.,. 126,.,., Hitler Litvinov - -,.,. 128 Coulondre,, ( une proposition inespérée ), Foreign Office,.,. 30 Göring Lutwaffe, Karl Bodenschatz, Paul Stehlin -. l action du Reich ). Édouard Bonnefous, Histoire Politique de la Troisième République,, 1967,. 35.,. Shirer,.., Livre Jaune, No.80, Coulondre Bonnet, Georges Bonnet, Le Quai d Orsay sous trois Républiques, ,, 1961, Coulondre,.., Livre Jaune, No.115, Coulondre Bonnet, Baumont,..,

33 . 129 Stehlin, Coulondre,,, Bonnet Bodenschatz., Bonnet,,. 130 Litvinov. Coulondre,,, Quai d Orsay..,, :, 132 -, Ribbentrop. -, «-». 133, Coulondre,,, Hitler Daladier, 129 Irving,, , Rothschild,.., Paul Stehlin, Témoignage pour l Histoire,, 1964, Bonnet, Coulondre., Siegfried. Bonnet, Quai d Orsay, Livre Jaune, No.143, Coulondre Bonnet, Livre Jaune,. 195, Coulondre Bonnet, Livre Jaune,. 213, Coulondre Bonnet, Baumont,.., Bonnefous,.., ,,. David Irving, «,». Irving,,

34 , «,». 136 Coulondre Daladier, -., Hitler,. Hitler Ribbentrop Coulondre Hitler,. 31 Coulondre Weizsäcker,. 137 Coulondre,,. Mussolini San Remo 5., Coulonde Hitler,., : «.!.,,» Ribbentrop,. 3, 5,. Ribbentrop,,. Coulondre,, Le sang de deux nations également braves coulera. Baumont,.., Bonnet, Quai d Orsay, , Coulondre,.., , Vous êtes pêcheur, je crois. Eh bien! Le poisson est ferré. Il faut maintenant man uvrer avec l habilité nécessaire pour le noyer sans qu il casse le fil. Bonnefous,.., L Histoire en jugera. Bonnet, Quai d Orsay, , J. Néré, The Foreign Policy of France from 1914 to 1945,, 1976,

35 Robert Coulondre,, , Daladier, Hitler,.,,. 141 Hitler.....,. Göring, Hess, Ribbentrop, Rosenberg Göbbels. Coulondre,. 142 Hitler. 143,,, 144,. 145 Daladier 30. Hitler,,.,.,., Robert Coulondre,.,. 140 Coulondre,.., Coulondre,.., Coulondre,.., François-Poncet, Hitler.,,,,,,,,,. André Francois-Poncet, Souvenirs d une ambassade á Berlin,, 1946, Coulondre,.., Livre Jaune, No. 139, Coulondre Bonnet,

36 Ribbentrop-Molotov., Robert Coulondre. 146 Hitler.,..,.,,..,, Hitler,. status quo.,,,, Robert Coulondre Yvon Lacaze, Daladier, Bonnet and the decision-making process during the Munich crisis, 1938, French Foreign and Defence Policy (. Robert Boyce), 1998,

37 :. The bell of treason is tolling Whose hand made it swing? Sweet France Proud Albion And we loved them. 147,,. Hitler ,., Hitler,.. Edvard Bene ,. «,». 148, Torzo nad je ( ) Franti ek Halas,, Neville, Appeasement, the cleverest, the best informed, and for many years the most successful of European ministers. F.P. Walters, A History of the League of Nations,. 2,, 1952, ,.,,. Harold Nicolson,,. Harold Nicolson, Peacemaking,, 1945,. 196.,.. Clememt Attlee, As It Happened, 36

38 ,,., Bene , o Bene Bene,,,., Bene.,,. 150 Bene - -,,.,.,, Raymond Poincaré.. 151, 1954, ,.,.,,,. Bene,. Piotr S. Wandycz, Foreign Policy of Edvard Bene A History of Czechoslovak Republic (. Victor S. Mamatey Radomír Lu a), 1973, Piotr S. Wandycz, France and her eastern allies, ,, 1962, Wandycz, Bene, Ruhr.,...,, Poincaré,...,. Poincaré -. Dawes,,, 37

39 Bene,,,,,. Danzig Bene. 152, Bene (, )., Locarno Gustav Stresemann 1929.,, , ,.., Bene, de jure....., Quai d Orsay, Louis Barthou., Pierre Laval 1934,, , Bene,,,. Hod a,. 155, , Bene,,. J. F. V. Keiger, Raymond Poincaré,, 1997, Danzig Wandycz, France, Wandycz, Bene, Milan Hod a Bene.,., -.. Wandycz, Bene,

40 ,.,. 156, Anschluss Bene,,. 157 Bene.,. 158,,. Bene 1938.,,,,. 159 Basil Cochrane Newton ( ) Basil Newton Victor de Lacroix.,., ,,., ,., Nevile Henderson,.,. 156, Konstantin von Neurath, -. Wandycz, Bene, Andrea Orzoff, Battle for the Castle. The Myth of Czechoslovakia in Europe, ,, 2009, A.J.P. Taylor, The Origins of the Second World War,, 1962, Paul E. Zinner, Czechoslovakia: The Diplomacy of Eduard Benes, The Diplomats (. Gordon A. Craig and Felix Gilbert), 1994,

41 ,., Basil Newton,. Sir Basil Cochrane Newton Wellington College King s College Cambridge , ,., , ,,, ,. 1938,. 161 Basil ewton,,,,..,., Henderson, «[ ]»,. 162, Newton.,,. 163 Bene.,.,, Bene., -. Jan Masaryk,, Newton, Sir Joseph 160 ( ), Newton.. David Kenneth Fieldhouse, Kurds, Arabs, and Britons: The Memoirs of Wallace Lyon in Iraq ,, 2004, Martin Gilbert&Richard Gott, The Appeasers,, 1963, The negotiations in Prague were not my concern. Henderson, Failure, Shiela Grant Duff, The Parting of Ways: A personal account of the Thirties,, 1982,

42 Addison , Newton,. Newton,, Addison,, ,., 1930, Sir Joseph Addison. 166,,.,..,,. 167 Basil Newton ,.,. Newton, Addison,. 168,. Foreign Office, Orme Sargent,,. 169,,..,, 164 Newton «.» ( The English dislike us intensely. We are a dead-weight for them and they curse the day on which we were founded ). Mark Cornwall, The Rise and Fall of a Special relationship : Britain and Czechoslovakia, , What Difference did the war make (. B. Brivati, H. Jones), 1993, Cornwall, Special Relationship, Keith Middlemass, Diplomacy of Illusion,, 1972, Mark Cornwall, A fluctuating barometer: British Diplomatic Views of the Czech-German Relationship in Czechoslovakia, , Großbritannien, die USA und die böhmischen Länder (. Eva Schmidt-Hartmann Stanley Winters), 1991, Elizabeth Wiskemann, The Europe I Saw,, 1968, Duff,.., Michael J. Carley, A fearful concatenation of circumstances: The Anglo-German Rapprochement , Contemporary European History, 5/10 (1996),

43 . Hitler , 60%., Basil Newton,. 170, Hitler.,, Konrad Henlein,, Hitler..,, Henlein.,,.., Hitler.,, Newton. 173, 1938,,, Bene. 174,,. Hitler , J. W. Bruegel, German Diplomacy and the Sudeten Question before 1938, International Affairs, 37/3 (1961), Norman Baynes (.), The Speeches of Adolf Hitler, April 1922-August 1939,. 2,, Keith Eubank, Munich, A History of the Czechoslovak Republic (, Victor S. Mamatey Radomír Lu a), 1973, Eubank, «..», DBFP, 3 rd Series, I,. 170, 171, Halifax Newton, Irving,, Irving,,

44 , Bene,,. Bene, Walter Runciman.,. 178 Runciman,. ene,, Runciman,. 2, Henlein., Hitler., ene,,. Hitler, o Henlein, , -,,, Basil Newton.,,,. O Eden Newton,., Newton,. 180 Eden,,., Newton, 177 DBFP, 3 rd Series, I,. 530, Strang Henderson, Runciman Stanley Baldwin.,. Thomas Jones, Diary with Letters,, 1954, Igor Lukes, The Czechoslovak Partial Mobilization in May 1938: A Mystey (Almost) Solved, Journal of Contemporary History, 31/4 (1996), 180. Paul, Vy ný, The Runciman Mission to Czechoslovakia 1938: Prelude to Munich,, 2003, Eden,..,

45 -. Newton.,. 181,, 1938,,,. Foreign Office.,,. 182 Halifax,, 18,., Newton., Chamberlain Halifax, ,, Henderson ( Newton,, ). 184 O Newton,,. «status quo» Henlein. 186,. 181 Lindsay W. Michie, Potrait of An Appeaser: Robert Hadow, first secretary in the British Foreign Office, ,, 1996, Czechoslovakia s present political position is not permanently tenable, it will be no kindness in the long run to try to maintain her in it. DBFP, 3 rd series, I, No. 86, Newton Halifax, Michael Hughes, British Foreign Secretaries in an uncertain world, ,, 2006, DBFP, 3 rd series, I, No. 86, Newton Halifax, worthwhile to try to perpetuate the status quo in her own interests. DBFP, 3 rd series, I, No. 86, Newton Halifax, DBFP, 3 rd series, I, No. 86, Newton Halifax,

46 » , Newton Bene., Newton. Daladier 1938, Newton Halifax :. Newton,, -,. Newton 20, Bene,. 187., Addison Henderson., , ,, «, Henlein, Bene., Newton.,,,.. O Bene,,.,. 191 Newton,,. 187 DBFP, 3 rd series, I,. 100, Newton Halifax, DBFP, 3 rd series, I,. 140, Newton Halifax, Duff,.., economic strangulation by Germany. DBFP, 3 rd series, I,. 140, Newton Halifax, DBFP, 3 rd series, I,. 150, Newton Halifax,

47 Halifax Daladier Bonnet, Newton: Bene,,. 192 Newton,. Newton.,. Foreign Office,., Newton,, , Newton Kamil Krofta.,.,,.,., Krofta,,,.,., ( ), Newton.,,.,, 192 DBFP, 3 rd series, I, No. 164, Record of anglo-french conversations, Gerhard Weinberg, The Foreign Policy of Hitler s Germany: Starting World War Two ,, 1980, History of the Times,

48 ., Newton. «Bene,,», Halifax. 195, Halifax Phipps, Victor de Lacroix, Bene,. Halifax Newton,. Bene,. Newton. -,. Bene,., Sir Samuel Hoare 3,. 196 Newton,,.,.,. Newton,, Foreign Office. 197 Newton, 1938., Henderson,.,,., Henderson Newton.,., Henderson,., Newton. Bene, Henderson 195 If I can deliver a kind of ultimatum to president Bene, Wednseday, he and his Government will feel able to bow to force majeure DBFP, 3 rd series, II, No 979, Newton Halifax, Hugh Dalton, Memoirs: The Fateful years, ,, 1957, DBFP, 3 rd series, II,. 1008, Newton Halifax, Ralph Parker, Conspiracy against peace: notes of an English journalist,.., 1949,

49 ,., A. L. Kennedy, Newton. 198,, Halifax, «, [ ] [ ]», ,,.,. William Strang, Foreign Office, «, -». 201,,,.,., -,., , casus belli. 202, Newton..,. Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart Newton 1938, 198 Gordon Martel (.), The Times and Appeasement. The Journals of A. L. Kennedy, ,, 2000, far-sighted patriotism, moral courage and wisdom of the Czech government and people DBFP, 3 rd series, II, No. 994, Newton Halifax, Martel,.., CAB 23/93 CM 27 (38): British Influence in Central and South-Eastern Europe, Minutes of the Cabinet, 1 st June, 1938, ff If there was not a single German in Czechoslovakia the Czech-German problem would still exist 202 DBFP, 3 rd series, II, No. 994, Newton Halifax,

50 .,,.,,. Lockhart,.,,. Sir Joseph Addison, Newton. 203 Lockhart. Newton,. Lockhart,, Newton,..,.. Newton, , Hitler. 204 Nevile Chamberlain, «,». 205,. Victor de Lacroix ( ) Newton,.,,.,,,., 1938,. Newton, Victor de Lacroix,,. 203 Robert Bruce Lockhart, Guns or Butter?,, 1938, Hansard, Was this the end of an old adventure, or the beginning of a new? The Times,

51 ,, Newton, Lacroix..,, Lacroix.,. 1936, Quai d Orsay..,,,.,,.,,. 206., Quai d Orsay,. Léon No l 1935, Lacroix,,.,, Lacroix.,., Lacroix, B, Robert Coulondre,,. 207 Hitler,,,. Anschluss.,,. Lacroix, Nicole Jordan, The Popular Front,, 1992, Jordan,..,

52 . Kamil Krofta ,., Göring, Vojtech Mastny,. Lacroix Quai d Orsay,. 208 Lacroix. Newton,,,, Lacroix,,. Bene,, Newton,. 209, Newton. Lacroix Henlein, enlein.,,. o Foreign Office Lacroix,.,,. Henlein. 210,, Lacroix. Eden, Lacroix, Phipps, Lacroix Quai d Orsay., Phipps Delbos, 208 Livre Jaune,. 5, Lacroix Delbos, Irving,, David Leslie Hoggan, The forced war: when peaceful revision failed,, 1989, Johann Wolfgang Bruegel, Czechoslovakia before Munich. The German minority problem and British appeasement policy,, 1973,

53 Lacroix.,. 211, Daladier.,,. Lacroix Hitler.,, 1938., Nevile Henderson. Runciman,,. 212,, Quai d Orsay, Lacroix Runciman. Quai d Orsay,, Lacroix. Charles Corbin, Lacroix,, Basil Newton Lacroix. Bene, Hod a Krofta., «ῄ». Quai d Orsay,..,., Lacroix, Hitler,. Newton,. Bene Runciman 211 Laurence Victor Thompson, The Greatest Treason: the untold story of Munich,, 1968, François Paulhac, Les accords de Munich et les origines de la guerre de 1939,, 1988, DDF, 2 e, X, o. 507, DDF, 2e, X, o

54 ,. Bene, Henlein. 214 Bene, Lacroix. 16 Bene,, Bonnet Bene ,,. 218 Bene,, Lacroix. 219 Lacroix. Quai d Orsay,. 20,., Hod a,. Lacroix. Bene,,., Bene,., Zara Steiner, The Triumph of the Dark: European International History ,, 2011, DDF, 2e, X, o. 336, , o. 338, , o. 245, , o. 195, Lukes, «..», Barbara Masin, Gauntlet: Five Friends, 20,000 Enemy Troops, and the Secret That Could Have Changed the Course of the Cold War,, 2006, DDF, 2e, XI, o. 217, Steiner, Triumph, DDF, 2e, XI, o 232, , Bene,,,., Jan Syrový. Kamil Krofta Dr. Franti ek Chalkovsky,.,. Jörg K. Hoensch, A History of Modern Hungary, ,, 1988, Theodor Prochazka, The Second Republic, , A History of the Czechoslovak Republic (, Victor S. Mamatey Radomír Lu a), 1973,

55 , Bene. Bonnet Hod a,. 221,., Bene. onnet Hod a 5.. Krofta Lacroix,, , Quai d Orsay... Lacroix 1939,.,. 223,,.,, Bene,,., Lacroix Milan Hod a,. Lacroix,,, Bonnet: «,, [ ]». 224,, o Hod a Lacroix Bene. -, 221 Bonnet, Défense, Hod a.,. Newton,., 20,. ( understand that my French colleague is telegraphing to Paris in a similar sense ) Gilbert Fergusson, Munich: The French and British Roles, International Affairs, 44/4 (1968), DDF, 2e, XI, o, 257, Paulhac,.., Paul Reynaud, In the Thick of the Fight, ,, Yvon Lacaze, La France et Munich: étude d'un processus décisionnel en matière de relations internationales,, 1995, J estime que la mutilation de mon télégramme est une lourde charge pour le gouvernement français car elle semble indiquer que [ ] il n était pas décidé à tenir ses engagements. 54

56 . Lacroix Hod a.,. 225, Lacroix. J. B. Duroselle Bonnet, 226 Anthony Adathmwaite. 227 Telfor Taylor Lacroix,. 228,. 229, Lacroix Daladier. Lacroix Bonnet,., Lacroix Quai d Orsay,. Lacroix Bene., Lacroix Bonnet,, Bene,. 230, Lacroix,.., 225 David Vital, Czechoslovakia and the Powers, September 1938, Journal of Contemporary History, 1/ 4 (1966), 54. Paulhac,.., Jean- Baptiste Duroselle, La Décadence,, 1979, Anthony Adathmwaite, France and the coming of the Second World war, ,, 1977, Telfrod Taylor, Munich: the price of peace,, 1980, Haim Shamir, On the road to Munich: Daladier, Bonnet and the historians, France and Germany in an age of crisis, : Studies in memory of Charles Bloch (. Haim Shamir), 1990, Francis L. Loewenheim, Peace or appeasement?: Hitler, Chamberlain, and the Munich crisis,, 1965,

57 .,....,.,,. Lacroix Daladier,. 231, Bonnet Lacroix., Lacroix, Bonnet. 232 Newton -Lacroix-, Henderson-Coulondre -.,,,,. Léon No l Howard Kennard Nevile Henderson André Francois-Poncet.,. Victor de Lacroix., Newton Lacroix. Newton,.. Newton., Hitler. 233,,. «,». «231 Déposition du Ministre Plénipotentiaire de Lacroix devant la Commission d enquête sur les événements survenus en France de 1933 à 1945, Assemblée Nationale,, 1952, v. I, , Benjamin F. Martin, France in 1938,, 2006, British Union of Fascists 1930,,. Richard Thurlow, The Developing British Fascist Interpretation of Race, Culture and Evolution, The Culture of Fascism. Visions of the Far Right in Britain (.. Julie v. Gottlieb Thomas P. Lineban), 2004,

58 »,. 234,. 235,. 236 Vernon Bartlett,,,,,. 237 Newton,,. Victor de Lacroix, -, - Newton.,. Quai d Orsay.,,., Newton Lacroix,,.. Basil Newton,,,., Lacroix,. Quai d Orsay,. 234 Adolf Hitler,, (. ),, 2006, Andreas Hillgruber, England s Place in Hitler s Plans for World Dominion, Journal of Contemporary History, 9/1 (1974), Charles Hamilton Smith (The Natural History of the Human Species, 1848), Karl Pearson (National life from the standpoint of science, 1901) Robert Knox ( he Races of Man, 1850),. 237 Vernon Bartlett, Nazi Germany Explained,, 1933,

59 . Newton, Lacroix,,. 238,,,. 239 Newton.,., Hitler,,.,, 240,. Newton, «Hitler»,. 241, 1904 Sir Francis Bertie,, «Downing street,». 242 Newton,,.. -,,....,, ;.,. 1938, 238 Lukes, «..», Richard Francis Crane, A French Conscience in Prague: Louis Eugène Faucher and the abandonment of Czechoslovakia,, 1996,, , Hitler Wilhelm Frick,..,.. Jon Bloomberg, The Jewish World in the Modern Age,, 2004, Christopher Sykes, Tormented Loyalty: the story of a German aristocrat who defied Hitler,, 1969, Tomas, Diary, In Downing Street one can at least pull the wires whereas an Ambassador is only a damned marionette Keith Nilson, only a d d marionette? The influence of Ambassadors on British Foreign Policy, Diplomacy and World power (. Michael Dockrill Brian McKercher), 1996,

60 ,, T Hitler. Hitler,.. Martin Bormann, Le Testament politique de Hitler,, 1959, ,., Hitler. Volo in.. Magda Ádám, The Munich crisis and Hungary: The fall of the Versailles Settlement in Central Europe, Diplomacy & Statecraft, Special Issue: The Munich crisis, 1938: Prelude to War, 10 (1999) Hácha 14 Franti ek Chvalkovský., Hitler Hácha,. Hácha, Hitler,,.,. Lacroix, Quai d Orsay. Chad Carl Bryant, Prague in Black: Nazi Rule and Czech Nationalism,, 2007, , , Hitler Hácha,,. ewton, - -,,. Hitler Hrad any, (Reich). Alice Teichova, The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia ( ): the economic dimension, Bohemia in History (. Mikulá Teich), 1998,

61 : IL DUCE HA SEMPRE RAGIONE., Mussolini Hitler.,,. 1815, ,,,., Benito Mussolini ( ), , 244 Ruth Henig, Versailles and after ,, 1995, Robert Young, France and the Origins of the Second World War,, 1996, , ,, , Stanley G. Payne,, , (. ),, 2000, Avanti!,, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Auguste Blanqui Georges Sorel. Benito Mussolini Margherita G. Sarfatti, The Life of Benito Mussolini,..,.., , Peter Neville, Mussolini,, 2004,. 54.,. Mussolini,,. Fasci d'azione rivoluzionaria internazionalista ( ). Avanti!. Salvatore Lupo, Il Fascismo: la politica in un regime totalitario,, 2005,

62 Acerbo 1923,. 248,, Mussolini. 249,, 1926, OVRA,,. 250,,.,,. 251 Mussolini, 1939,. 252, Mussolini. Locarno Kellong-Briand. 253 Hitler,.,,.,.. 254, Hitler Mussolini., 1914 Mussolini Il popolo d' Italia ( ) Fasci d' Azione Rivoluzionaria ( ).,,,,,., 1915 Mussolini. 1917, Fasci de Combattimento ( ) ,. 1921, 37 Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF, ). Mussolini Sarfatti,.., Francesca Tacchi, Storia illustrata del Fascismo,, 2000, Chris Thornhill, A Sociology of Constitutions: Constitutions and State Legitimacy in Historical-Sociological Perspective,, 2011, Edward Townley, Mussolini and Italy,, 2002, Neville, Mussolini, E. K. Bramstedt, Dictatorship and Political Police: The Technique of Control by Fear,, 1945, Michael R. Ebner, Ordinary Violence in Mussolini's Italy,, 2011, Paul Corner, The Fascist Party and Popular Opinion in Mussolini's Italy,, 2012, Philip Morgan, Italian Fascism ,, 1995, Morgan,.., John Francis Pollard, The fascist experience in Italy,, 1998, Neville, Mussolini, William Carr, Arms, Autarky and Agression,, 1972,

63 . 255 Mussolini,,,. Stresa. 256, Hitler. A 1936, Franco. Mussolini , , Hitler 1940,. 258 Mussolini,, Hitler.,,. 259, 1943,. " " " " , Hitler,.,,, 1995,. Gehard L. Weinberg (.), Hitler Adolf, Hitler s Second book. The Unpublished sequel to Mein Kampf,, Stresa ( ),. 19., -, Laval.., Gamelin Badoglio.. Bell.,.., Mallet,.., Morgan,.., , Pollard,.., Giuseppe Finaldi, Mussolini and Italian fascism,, 2008, Mallet,.., Neville, Mussolini, Morgan,..,

64 André François-Poncet ( ) André François-Poncet 1938.,,,.,,, Robert Coulondre,,. 261, François-Poncet Hitler,,,,,. 262 William Dodd, François-Poncet. 263, Br ning 265 -,. 266 Sir Horace Rumbold, o François-Poncet, status quo, ,,,., (Comité des Forges).,.,. Bella Fromm, Blood and Banquets. A Berlin Social Diary,, 1990, , Gordon Dutter, Doing Business with the Nazis: French Economic Relations with Germany under the Popular Front, The Journal of Modern History, 63/2 (1991), André François-Poncet, De Versailles à Potsdam. La France et le probléme allemande contemporain ,, 1948, not far from being a fascist. William E. Dodd, Jr and Martha Dodd (.), Ambassador s Dodd diary, ,, 1941, Fromm,.., Heinrich Br ning ( ): ( ).., Hitler. Encyclopædia Britannica ( ) 266 François-Poncet, Potsdam,

65 . 267,. 268, François-Poncet Mussolini. Stresa 1935,. Pierre Laval,,. 269,, 1935, François-Poncet Quai d Orsay , François-Poncet, Anschluss,. 272, , François-Poncet 1938, Hitler. 275 Quai d Orsay,,,. 276, 27 François-Poncet Bonnet Hitler., o François-Poncet Hitler, 267 DBFP, 2 nd series, IV,. 178, Rumbold Simon, François-Poncet, Souvenirs, F. Kupferman, Pierre Laval,, 1976, François-Poncet, Souvenirs,. 248, Dutter, «..», 305. Jacques Bariéty, Léon Blum et l Allemagne , Les relations Franco-allemandes (. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), 1976, Néré,.., DGFP, series D, I, No. 129, Papen Weizs cker, DGFP, series D, I, No. 578, François-Poncet Neurath, DBFP, 3 rd series, I, No. 238, Henderson Halifax, DBFP, 3 rd series, I, No Henderson Halifax, , No. 452, Phipps Halifax, DGFP, series D,,. 428, Ribbentrop Hitler, , Hitler,.,. Irving,, Fromm,..,

66 . 277., François-Poncet. 278 Paul Schmidt François-Poncet. 279, François-Poncet. 280, François-Poncet,.,, Hitler,. 281,, Bonnet. Hitler,,. 282, Hitler ,., 277 François-Poncet, Souvenirs, Paul Schmidt, Hitler s Interpreter,, 1951,. 106., Hitler Bernardo Attolico. Mussolini. Hitler, François-Poncet,. Bonnet. Hitler, 28. Bonnet, Quai d Orsay, Irving,, Schmidt,.., Schmidt,.., Paul Adamthwaite, The Franco-German Declaration of 6 December 1938, Les relation Franco-Allemandes (. Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique), 1976, Meeting Minutes of International Commission on Sudetenland, 8 Oct 1938, World War II Database, Documents, The Munich Pact ,,,. François-Poncet,, Ribbentrop,, ( Il m annonça que mon obstruction menaçait de rouvrir la crise que la Conférence de Munich avait cru résoudre )., Hitler,.,. François-Poncet, Souvenirs, Livre Jaune, No. 18, François-Poncet Bonnet, Claus W. Schäfer, André François-Poncet als Botschafter in Berlin ( ),, 2004,

67 ,. 283 François-Poncet 13 Ernst von Weizsäcker -, Weizsäcker «, Poncet» Hitler François-Poncet Berchetsgaden,,,,., (calme, modéré, conciliant). 285 ( Hitler. : «,,». 286 ), 6 Bonnet Ribbentrop,. 287 François-Poncet,,,,, Robert Coulondre. André François-Poncet,., François-Poncet Hitler,. Hitler Göring, Ribbentrop Rosenberg ,,., 283 Adamthwaite, «..», such an agreement would fulfill an idea which he, Poncet, had already urged for a long time. DGFP, series D, IV, Weizsäcker, Livre Jaune..., No.18, François-Poncet Bonnet, Irving,, Bonnet, Tourmente,, François-Poncet, Souvenirs,

68 ,. 289.,., Robert Coulondre,, Sir Horace Rumbold, André François- Poncet.. François-Poncet Georges Bonnet, -, Léon Blum. 290 Bonnet (Pierre Laval, Jean Mistler, François Piétri) François-Poncet. Duce,. 291, François-Poncet., «,,»,. «,,,,,,,,,,». 292 François-Poncet.,,. 289 François-Poncet, Souvenirs, , ,., Jules Blondel., Blondel Ciano,.,. 9 Hitler. Bonnet Renato Prunas, -., Mussolini. 3 Bonnet Prunas,, Mussolini. Duroselle,.., Kupferman,.., Bonnet, Quai d Orsay, J y avais passé sept années, pleines d intérêt, mais aussi pleins de troubles, d alertes, d orages et de drames. Je n y avais jamais eu un moment de répit et de tranquillité.[ ] J étais obsédé par ce régime, ses méthod s, son langage, son mystère, sa police, sa tyrannie, son orgueil, ses chants, ses défilés, ses claquements de talons, son bruit de bottes hallucinant. François-Poncet, Souvenirs,

69 , ,, : «,,», François-Poncet,, Ciano. 294,,,. 295, 3 Ciano ( 1935)., I E,. Neville Chamberlain Halifax,, ,. Mussolini,, Guillen, «..», , Galeazzo Ciano ( ), Mussolini. 1935, Mussolini. Mussolini,,. Knox MacGregor, Mussolini Unleashed ,, 1982, Ciano,,. Mussolini ,. Ray Moseley, Mussolini: The Last 600 days of II Duce,, 2004, Si vos révendications sont réelles, ce ne sont pas des moustiques entre nous, mais des elephants!. Mussolini, Duce, -. Bonnet, Quai d Orsay, , Daladier Mussolini.,,. Bonnefous,..,. 3. Donald Cameron Watt, Britain, France and the Italian problem, Les relations Franco-britanniques de 1935 a 1939 (. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), 1975, Ciano, Mussolini,, François-Poncet Mussolini. François-Poncet : «. E,,» ( In Germania dovevo trattare con dei gran signori; Qui, invece, con dei lacché diventati padroni ), Ciano François- Poncet, Duce. Mussolini. ( François-Poncet ha tentato avvicinarsi al Duce, ma questi gli ha ostentatamente voltato le spalle. Niente da fare per questo Ambasciatore: il Duce lo odia. ) De Felice Renzo (.), Galeazzo Ciano, Diario ,, 1980,

70 Bonnet, Paul Baudouin,, Baudouin Mussolini Ciano,.,. 299, Mussolini, ,. 301,, -., François-Poncet , Ciano Badouin.,. Grig re Gafencu, Daladier Mussolini. 302, Bonnet-Ribbentrop, o Hitler Reichstag ( the rescue of Europe began at the end of the continent with Mussolini and fascism, Baynes (.), Speeches. 192). ( the German nation does not wish its interest to be determined and controlled by any foreign nation. France to the French, England to the English, America to the Americans and Germany to the Germans. Baynes (.), Speeches,. 195). 299 Bonnefous,.., Watt. «..», Ciano Badouin :, Djibouti, Addis Abeda Djibouti 1896., adouin., Badouin Daladier.,.. O François-Poncet Quai d Orsay ,,.,. Bonnet, Quai d Orsay, Bonnefous,.., , : By a strange coincidence, every time that Germany made a show of drawing closer to France (as the time of von Ribbentrop s famous journey to Paris, December 6, 1938) Rome echoed with demands for the return to Italy of Corsica, Nice, Savoy. Then these noises quitened; Italy wore a smile again.[ ]French travelers returning from Italy were unanimous in admitting that they had had a very good reception[ ](like M. Baudouin). They all returned with the conviction that there existed means of coming to an understanding with the rulers of Italy. Grigore Gafencu, Last Days of Europe- A Diplomatic Journey in 1939,.,.., Mussolini, Mussolini o Bonnet-Ribbentrop

71 ., Mussolini François-Poncet. 304 François-Poncet Mussolini. 305, Mussolini Hitler. Ciano Duce ,,,. 306,, Mussolini,,, François-Poncet. 307,. Duce, Bonnet. 308, 2,. François-Poncet,. 309,,, Mussolini Hitler.. François-Poncet , ,. Bonnefous,.., , Bonnet, Quai d Orsay, Rothschild,.., François-Poncet, Souvenirs, François-Poncet, Souvenirs, Rothscchild,.., François-Poncet Mussolini «infidele d esprit», Hitler. -,., François-Poncet, «la position la moins honorable». François-Poncet, Souvenirs, O Mussolini San Remo 5,, François-Poncet. Bonnet, Quai d Orsay, , DDF, LX, No. 5, François-Poncet Bonnet, ,. 9,,

72 François-Poncet Ciano, Djibouti., San Remo. 311, Mussolini. 10, François-Poncet. François-Poncet,,,,.., : «.». 312 Vichy, , , 1952, Philippe Pétain. 313, François-Poncet, Hitler Mussolini «x.,». 314, 310 Guillen, «..», ,, Raffaele Guariglia, Bonnet., Ciano François-Poncet,.. François-Poncet,. «.,!.,». ( Ne vous fatiguez pas en efforts de propagande [a dit Ciano à François-Poncet]. Les victoires, voila la seule propaganda! Si vous remportez des victoires, nous serons avec nous. Dans l autre cas, nous serons contre vous ). François-Poncet, Souvenirs, I tedeschi sono padroni duri. Ve ne accorgerete anche voi. Renzo (.), Ciano diario, Alexander S. Martin, The Republic in Danger: General Maurice Gamelin and the politics of French defense ,, 1992,. 6. Roy F. Willis, France, Germany and the New Europe ,, 1965, Séparés, ils pouvaient vivre. Leur union a causé leur perte, et à la vérité, ils sont morts l un par l autre. François-Poncet, Souvenirs,

73 . François-Poncet,, -,.,,. 315 François-Poncet,. Bella Fromm,,. 316,,..,... André François-Poncet.,,. James Eric Drummond ( ). Sir Eric Drummond 1933, Sir Ronald Graham, ,, Eton, Drummond ,..,, Schäfer,.., Fromm,..,

74 ,,. 317 Woodrow Wilson, o., Drummond,. Mussolini, 1923.,..,.. 318,, Drummond., 1923, , ,. 321 Drummond (Sir Edward Grey, Arthur Balfour, Curzon),..,,. Sir John Simon,. Simon, Drummond,. 322., Drummond, 317 The Sydney Morning Herald, Araceli Julia P. Geraldi, Sir Eric Drummond, Britain s Ambassador to Italy, and Britain s foreign policy during the italo-abyssinian crisis of ,, 1982, F. S. Northedge, The League of Nations: its life and times, ,, 1986, , Tellini/,, 2009, , 367, The Canberra Times, The Montreal Gazette, Walters,..,. : 75-80,. :

75 .,. 323, , Mussolini ,,,. 324 Drummond Mussolini,.. 325, Drummond Samuel Hoare,., Mussolini. Hoare. Drummond,.,,, Mussolini., Sir Percy Lorraine, Drummond. 326 Anthony Eden Foreign Office, Drummond., Drummond, -. Phipps,,, Hitler 323 DBFP, 2 nd series, VII, No. 560, Drummond Sargent, Andrew Holt, No more Hoares to Paris: British Foreign Policymaking and the Abyssian crisis, 1935, Review of International studies, 37(2011), Ramsay MacDonald Drummond. MacDonald,. Gerladi,.., Hughes,..,

76 Mussolini. 327, Drummond Phipps, Henderson,., Hitler, Mussolini. Drummond, -, Mussolini,.,,,,,.,, Drummond,,., (Radio Bari).,,. Drummond,.,,. Hoare-Laval, 1935,, , Phipps,, Chamberlain Eden,. Hughes,.., Felix Gilbert, Two ambassadors: Perth and Henderson, The Diplomats (. Gordon A. Graig and Felix Gilbert), 1994, 544. William Rock, Appeasement on trial; ritish Foreign policy and its critics,, 1966, , Sir Miles Lampson, (Jihad),. Massimiliano Fiore, Anglo-Italian Relations in the Middle East, ,, 2010, John Dunbabin, The British military establishement and the policy of appeasement, The Fascist Challenge and the Policy of Appeasement (. Wolfgang and Lothar Kettenacker), 1983,

77 , Drummond Mussolini.,. Henderson, Drummond,.., ,., Drummond, ( ).,. Halifax, o Drummond.,, Halifax. 331, Drummond, Mussolini,. -, Quai d Orsay,. Drummond.,,. Chamberlain Drummond.,, Attolico,,. Mussolini, Drummond ( 331 Hughes,.., DBFP, 3 rd series, I,. 1186, 1187, Drummond Halifax,

78 ). Drummond, Mussolini,. 333,.,. 334 Drummond Mussolini Hitler,., Mussolini Hitler. Drummond., François-P ncet, -,., François-Poncet, Drummond,., , Drummond,,,. Chamberlain,, Hitler.,, ( ).,,. Drummond.,,,, Sir Percy Loraine,. 333 Martin Thomas, Britain, France and Appeasement: Anglo-French Relations in the Popular Front Era,, 1996, Claudia Baldoli, Exporting Fascism: Italian Fascists and Britain's Italians in the 1930s,, 2003, , Ciano,, Ribbentrop,. Renzo (.), Ciano diario, ,

79 1939, Sir Percy Loraine,. O Loraine,, Mussolini,. Loraine Foreign Office. 336,,.,, Drummond, Henderson.,.,,,.,,.,..,..,,,,. 337, Neville Chamberlain. Neville Chamberlain,,.,,. 338 Foreign Office, 336 F.S. Northedge, Professional Diplomat: Sir Percy Loraine of Kirkharle Bt By Gordon Waterfield. London: Murray pp. Illus. Index., International Affairs, 50/3 (1974), James Barros, Office without power. Secretary-General Sir Eric Drummond ,, 1979, Keith Robbins, Appeasement,, 1988,

80 Anthony Eden., Eden, Mussolini, Austen Chamberlain., Chamberlain. o,. 340 Halifax, Chamberlain, Sir Horace Wilson,,. 341 Drummond 1933,,. Chamberlain.,. Chamberlain Mussolini,. Drummond., Drummond, Neville Henderson..,, Henderson.,.,,, Drummond Lorraine ,., Rock, 1930s, Watt, ambassadors, Churchill,.., Gilbert, «..»,

81 ,. -, Chamberlain.,,. Drummond Ciano,,.,, Drummond. 343, Carr, Foreign Office, Drummond , Drummond., Ciano,., Drummond.,. Felix Gilbert Drummond.,. Gilbert, Drummond, Ciano,. 344,, Drummond, Renzo, Ciano diario, , Gilbert, «..», Christopher G. Thorne, The Approach of the war, , 1967,, 1967, George Baet, The coming of the Italian-Ethiopian war,, 1967,

82 Mussolini. 346 Lewis Namier Drummond Mussolini,. 347,,. Drummond Winston Churchill,,,,. 348 Sir Eric Drummond,., Ciano.,..,., Chamberlain.. (, ),,.,.. Drummond., Mussolini,,.,. 346 Harold MacMillan, Winds of Change, ,, 1966, Namier, Decay, Churchill,..,

83 : ; Jósef Beck. «;.» Adolf Hitler, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov. O Hitler,. 349,,.,., Jósef Pi sudski 1935, Sanacja Pi sudski, Locarno 1925, Jósef Beck, Pi sudski, Norman Davies, God s Playground. A history of Poland, Volume II: 1795 to the present,, 1981, Sanacja ( ), 1926,. R. F. Leslie, The History of Poland since 1863,, 1980, Stefan Litauer, The role of Poland between Germany and Russia, International Affairs, 14/5 (1935), Jósef Beck 1894, Lwów (Lviv). Pi sudski Pi sudski

84 . Beck,.,. 353, ,,. Pi sudski, Danzig, ,. 356, , - -. Anschluss.,. Beck, Pi sudski,, August Zaleski. Henry L. Roberts, The Diplomacy of Colonel Beck, he Diplomats, (. Gordon A. Craig, Felix Gilbert), 1994, Roberts, «..», ,.,, - - Danzig., Danzig,,., ,., 1919.,. 1933,. 1933,,. Danzig. Danzig,, Hitler. John Brown Mason, The Danzig Dilemma; a Study in Peacemaking by Compromise,, 1946,. 4-13, Anita Pra mowska, Britain, Poland and the Eastern Front, 1939,, 1987, Litauer, «..»,

85 Hitler, ,, status quo , Teschen. 358,. - (7 1935) - (2 1935), Pierre Laval , Pi sudski,.,,,. Pi sudski,. 360,, Neville Chamberlain 31,, Pi sudski Beck.,,,,, Anna M. Cienciala, Poland and the Western Powers : a study in the interdependence of Eastern and Western Europe,, 1968, Jerzy Lukowski Hubert Zawadzki, A Concise History of Poland,, 2006, Nicolae Titulescu, Romania s Foreign Policy (1937), (. George G. Potra& Constantin I. Turcu),, 1994,. 94, Roberts, «..», Lukowski&Zawadzki,.., Leslie, Poland, Paul N. Hehn, A Low, Dishonest Decade. The Great Powers, Eastern Europe and the Economic Origins of World War II, ,, 2002,. 65. Leslie, Poland, Stanislaw&Zychowski,.., ,

86 Léon No l ( ) Léon No l,. J. B. Duroselle, Léon No l,,. 362 Léon No l,,. 363,,, Jules Laroche, No l. 364 Laroche,, Pi sudsksi. 365, No l. 366 No l. : «,,,», Préface, Léon No l, Polonia Restituta: La Pologne entre deux mondes,, 1984, (Conseiller d Etat) 1927 (Délégué Général). To 1930 (Préfet) (Haut-Rhin) ,. Compiègne Pétain.,, 1943 De Gaulle, Assemblée Nationale ( l-leon-philippe-jules-arthur asp), Conseil Constitutionel ( l html ) 364 une ambassade dépourvue de prestige et de considération. No l, Polonia restituta, Jules Laroche, La Pologne de Pi sudksi: souvenirs d une ambassade, ,, 1953, , Yvon Beauvois, Léon No l: de Laval à de Gaulle via Pétain, ,, 2001, L ardent, le vigoureux patriotisme qui l anime, son attachement indéfectible à ses traditions propres font de ce peuple une des nations les plus dignes de posséder l indépendance. No l, Polonia restituta,

87 -., , , o Beck , , No l Laval. 370,,,,., No l. 371.,.,, Beck. 372 Hans von Moltke, Léon No l :. 373 No l Pi sudsksi., Beck., Beck,. 374,. Beck. Anthony Eden, o Duff Cooper, o Grigore Gafencu, 368 No l, Polonia restituta, , Pi sudski Hitler ,, Hitler ( windbags ). Zygmunt J. Gasiorowski, Did Pi sudksi attempt to inititiate a preventive war in 1933?, The Journal of Modern History, 27/2 (1955), Sylvain Francia, Le gouvernement et l armée polonaise en France de Septembre 1939 à Juin 1940,, 2009, Léon No l, L agression allemande contre la Pologne,, 1946, Beauvois,.., , Jósef Beck,, No l. No l, Polonia restituta, Voila l ambassadeur de France. C est lui qui a réussi à démolir notre politique en Pologne., No l, Polonia restituta, No l, Agression,. 98,

88 ., Beck -., No l Beck... No l,, «[...]». 375, Beck No l.,.. 376, No l., 1940,,. 377 No l -.., Beck, 378,. 379,. 380 No l,., -. o No l Beck,,. Beck,, de tenir une anguille[ ] dans les mains.. No l, Polonia restituta, No l, Polonia restituta, No l, Polonia restituta, une instinctive attirance. No l, Polonia restituta, Maxim Litvinov Beck. Hehn,.., No l, Beck. Jósef Beck. Davies,.., ( He resisted the advances of Göring and Ribbentrop no less than those of Litvinov and Molotov ). 381 Beauvois,.., No l, Agression,

89 ,, No l,, Jules Laroche. No l, Beck,. Edward Rydz-Smigly. Smigly No l. 382, Beck, Smigly. Sosnkowski, Pi sudsksi Rydz-Smigly., Léon No l. 383, Juliusz Lukasiewicz,,. 384,..,, Beck. No l. Beck, Lukasiewicz.,., Georges Bonnet., Lukasiewitz. 385 No l, -,. 386,. No l,, Masaryk Bene., 382 Julian Jackson, The Popular Front in France: defending democracy, ,, 1988, Archibald L. Patterson, Between Hitler and Stalin: The Quick Life and Secret Death of Edward Smigly Rydz, Marshal of Poland,, 2010, Zygmunt Gasiorowski, Diplomat in Paris, ; Papers and Memoirs of Juliusz Lukasiewicz, ambassador of Poland, Slavic Review, 29/1 (1991), Jerzy Jan Lerski, Historical Dictionary of Poland, ,, 1996, No l, Polonia restituta,

90 . Teschen,,,. 387,.,.,. 388, eck 1935,. Hitler Beck.,,. No l, Beck Bene. 389,., No l,., -,. Beck Bene Yvon Delbos,, Hitler Bene.. 390, «,,,, [...]». 391 Bene, Dr. Juraj Slávik,, Beck.,. Slávik, Bene,, 387 Hansard, , ,. D. Perman, The Shaping of the Czechoslovak State,, 1962, No l, Polonia restituta, Roberts, «..», Beauvois,.., Personnellement, je percevais, en toute netteté, les contradictions, l inanité, l irréalisme de la politique occidentale et, plus particulièrement de la nôtre.. No l, Polonia restituta,

91 . No l,, 1938, -, -, ,.,,. 393 No l Beck Anschluss., Hitler, No l Szembek, 394.,.,., ,, ,, ,. 392 Ciencala,..,. 66, Piotr S. Wandycz, The Polish Question, The Treaty of Versailles: a reassessment after 75 years (. Manfred Franz Boemeke, Gerald D. Feldman, Elisabeth Gläser), 1998, Jan Szembek. 1921, 1924, ,. The Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Bucharest, ( 395 No l, Polonia restituta, ,, Beck, -,., Hitler,,. Skladkowski- Beck, Hitler. Ciencala,..,. 54. Arnold Stanislaw Marian Zychowski, Outline History of Poland,, 1962,

92 1939,.,,,. 397, Beck Carl J. Burckhardt,. 398 Hitler,,.,, -,, , Joseph Paul-Boncour, (Robert Coulondre), (Victor de Lacroix) (Adrien Thierry) Alexis Léger, René Massigli, Charles Rochat Jean Paul-Boncour,. Léon No l,,. Beck «[...]». 400 O Paul-Boncour No l.,,, Édouard Daladier Georges Bonnet. No l 14., Bonnet. No l, -, Richard Blanke, The German Minority in Inter-war Poland and German Foreign Policy-Some considerations, Journal of Contemporary History, 25/11 (1990), Maria Kornilowicz (.), Western and Northern Poland,, 1962, Pra mowska,.., Mieczyslaw B. Biskupski, The History of Poland,, 2000, Kornilowicz,., Leslie, Poland, La veritable défaitisme c est [ ] le refus de voir les réalités et de ne pas tout tenter pour ne pas s exposer à une défaite.. No l, Polonia restituta,

93 Bonnet., Quai d Orsay. 401.,....,. No l 1936,... Jean Payart,. 402,....,., No l (Flandin, Delbos, Paul- Boncour, Bonnet),.. Musse,,, Bonnet 1939,.,. 403 H,, , Jakov Souritz, Bonnet....,,. 404, No l Bonnet. No l Quai d Orsay,, Danzig Molotov 401 Beauvois,.., , No l, Polonia restituta, Carley, 1939, Rydz-Smigly: «.,». ( Avec les Allemands, nous risquons de perde notre liberté. Avec les Russes, nous perdrions notre âme ). No l, Polonia restituta, No l, Polonia restituta, Livre Jaune, No. 206, No l Bonnet, , No. 212, No l Bonnet, , No 219, No l Bonnet, , No. 223, No l Bonnet, , No. 234, No l Bonnet, , No. 235, No l Bonnet, , No. 237, No l Bonnet, , No 274, No l Bonnet,

94 .,, Doumenc Plunket , Vorochilov,,,. Bonnet Lukasiewitz Beck,. No l. 407, Beck, - -., Pi sudski.,,. No l. 408, Doumenc, Beaufre., 21., 19 No l Quai d Orsay Beck. Beck,,. 409 Beaufre. 22 Doumenc, Daladier,, Joachim von Ribbentrop,, Joseph douard Aimé Doumenc ( ) Verdun (1916),. Etienne,. Michel Mourre, Dictionnaire Encyclopédique d Histoire,. III,, 1978, O Sir Reginald Plunket Ernle Erle Drax ( ) Robert L. Davison, Striking a balance between Dissent and Discipline: Admiral Sir Reiginald Drax, The Northern Mariner/ Le matin du nord, 13/2, (2003), No l, Polonia restituta, No l, Polonia restituta, Stanislaw&Zychowski,.., Livre Jaune,. 264 No l Bonnet, Gerhard L. Weinberg, Germany and the Soviet Union, ,, 1954, Beauvois, Carley, 1939, Francia,..,

95 Ribbentrop. 22, No l Beck, -. Beck,,. Doumenc Beck,....,.,.,, ,,. Hitler,.,., -. No l,, , No l,,,. «Gamelin»,. 414 Léon No l, 19., Sven Grafström, Lukowski&Zawadzki,.., , Georgei Astakhov Karl Schnurre,,. ( [ ]he had once again received an express instruction from Moscow to emphasize that the Soviet Government desired an improvement in relations with Germany ). DGFP, series D, VI, No. 18, Schnurre,, Y, Beaufre, -. Geoffrey Roberts, The Soviet Decision for a Pact with Nazi Germany, Soviet Studies, 44/1 (1992), Carley, 1939, le manque de jugement du général Gamelin était inexcusable. No l, Polonia restituta,. 251.,, Doumenc. No l, Polonia restituta, Sven Grafström.,,,, ,., 94

96 Hans von Moltke., Moltke,.. Moltke, Danzig 1. No l, Moltke,,,. 416, Quai d Orsay No l. Léon No l Hans von Moltke..., Ribbentrop No l., 1939 No l. «Goebbels,, [...] Goering,, Rudolf Hess,»,. 417 No l. Masaryk Bene.. No l Bene,., Quai d Orsay. No l.,,,, Grafström.. Sverige Kommissionen om den svenska utrikesledningens agerande i fallet Raoul Wallenberg, Ett diplomatiskt misslyckande: fallet Raoul Wallenberg och den svenska utrikesledningen,, 1993, Une source absolument sure. No l, Polonia restituta, Il n avait pas ni l expression d intelligence diabolique de Goebbels, ni l obésité éléphantesque, qui, [ ] inclinait à quelque indulgence envers le gros Goering, ni cet air rêveur et absent, qui incitait à supposer que Rudolf Hess restait assez à l écart du banditisme hitlérien. une incarnation de la fatuité, de la prétention. No l, Polonia restituta,

97 Bene Beck, ,, No l. Beck Pi sudski,, 1934, Beck.,.,. 420,,. «;». 421 No l.,, -,. Léon No l., No l Kennard Beck,. Beck.. Beck, Hilter Chamberlain Godesberg ( ), - -. Anna Cienciala, The Munich crisis of 1938: Plans and strategy in Warsaw in the context of the western appeasement of Germany, The Munich crisis, Prelude to World War II (. Igor Lukes, Erik Goldstein), 1999, Beck. Konstantin von Weizsäcker, Gregore Gafencu, Galeazzo Ciano Stanislaw Mackiewicz. Samuel L. Sharp, Dernier Rapport: Politique Polonaise, , by Joseph Beck, The American Journal of International Law, 47/2 (1953), Roberts, Beck, , ,,,. Andrew Thorpe, Britain in the 1930 s. The Deceptive Decade,, 1992, ,, (. ),, 1996, Ciencala,..,. 63. No l, Agression, Roberts, Beck,

98 .,, Howard Kennard,. Yves Beauvois, No l..,,. 423,.,., Quai d Orsay,. 424 William Howard Kennard ( ) No l, Sir Howard William Kennard,, Moltke,. No l, Kennard Royal Victorian Order (R.V.O.) 425,,,,, , Kennard,,,..,, Beck «,». 427 No l 423 Beauvois,.., Beauvois, Francia,.., , 1896., ( ).. The Official website of The British Monarchy ( 426 Gilbert&Gott,.., D. G. Williamson, The Poland Betrayed: The Nazi-Soviet Invasions of 1939,, 2009, de la cautèle, des dissimulations, de la mauvaise foi de Joseph Beck.. No l, Polonia restituta,

99 Kennard., Sir Howard Foreign Office.,. 428 Beck,, o Kennard, - No l -. Beck. Beck , Halifax Kennard, Danzig Sir Howard Gazeta Polska,. No l, Polonia restituta, , Virgil Tilea,, Foreign Office,.,.. Tilea,,,,,.,,., status quo,,,.,,,.,. Hitler. ( ).,.....,....,. 21 Bonnet Halifax.,.. -, Hitler Mussolini.,, Foreign Office., Chamberlain.. 31,, Chamberlain. Chamberlain - -,......,,, Alan Alexandroff Richard Rosecrance, Deterrence in 1939, World Politics, 29/3 (1977), Simon Newman, March 1939 : the British guarantee to Poland : a study in the continuity of British foreign policy,, 1976, , , N.A. CAB 24/285 C.P. 83 (39): Visit of the Polish Foreign Minister, April 4-6, 1939, Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 8 Apr. 1939, f DBFP, 3 rd series, IV, No 605, Kennard Halifax,

100 . No l, Kennard,.. Sir Howard,,,. 432,, ,,. Sir Orme Sargent, Kennard,,. 433 Beck No l,. 434 No l,,. 435,. Beck,. 436, 7 - o,. 437, - Beck,. 438,, Hitler., Beck, 432 DBFP, 3 rd series, I,.46, Kennard Sargent, Pra mowska,., DBFP, 3 rd series, IV, o. 139, Kennard Sargent, DBFP, 3 rd series, IV, o. 498, Kennard Halifax, Carley, 1939, polish and british aims in Northern Europe seem to more or less coincide. DBFP, 3 rd series, IV, o. 148, Kennard Halifax, DBFP, 3 rd series, IV, o. 187, Kennard Cadogan, N.A., CAB 23/98 Cabinet 17(39): Francia,..,

101 .,. 440 O Kennard,,,. No l,, Halifax., o Beck. 441 Halifax Kennard, Beck. Kennard Beck o Henderson Jósef Lipski,, Hitler, Kennard,. «[ Lipski Hitler].,»,, «Hitler,». 444 Kennard.,,,,., ,, 440 No l, , Quai d rsay Sir Howard -. Beauvois,.., DBFP, 3 rd series, VII, No 70, Kennard Halifax, absolutely obdurate DBFP, 3 rd series, VII, No. 119, Kennard Cadogan, I am extremely doubtful whether would really serve any useful purpose. Any such approach would be sure to be construed as a sign of weakness and it might even provoke the very ultimatum we seek to avoid DBFP, 3 rd series, VII, No 270, Kennard Halifax, If Hitler decides on war, it is for the sole purpose of destroying Polish independence. DBFP, 3 rd series, VII, No 367, Kennard Halifax,

102 ,.,. Halifax «,, Sir Howard Kennard»,, , Halifax Kennard, Kennard. Beck,., Kennard.,.,.,.,,,,. Kennard.,, Léon No l, 445 Ausw rtiges Amt, German Library of Information, Documents on the events preceding the outbreak of war,, 1940 (, 1939), Facts in Review, Documents on the Events Preceding the Outbreak of the War, (American edition), 1939[sic], 523. ( I shall naturally not volunteer any view to the Polish Government, neither shall I transmit Hitler s answer (this refers to the German answer of August 29, which expressed the German readiness to enter direct negotiations) until I have receiver instructions which I assume will be forthcoming at once.) 101

103 .,.,. Quai d Orsay,,., Bonnet Mussolini San Remo,, Quai d Orsay, Beck. Mussolini. Léon No l,. 447., Kennard.,, Kennard,.,. 448, «[ ] [ ].». 449 Foreign Office. Kennard, San Remo, Hitler.. 450, Kennard Halifax. 451 O Halifax. 447 Beauvois,.., DBFP, 3 rd series, VII, No. 662, Kennard Halifax, , I earnestly hope that all possible will be done to expedite dispatch of war material. This would have excellent effect from moral as well as purely military point of view DBFP, 3 rd series, VII, No. 705, Kennard Halifax, , DBFP, 3 rd series, VII, No. 720, Kennard Halifax, , I trust I may be informed at the earliest possible moment of our declaration of war DBFP, 3 rd series, VII, No. 734, Kennard Halifax, ,

104 .., Kennard., Halifax, Kennard., Kennard. 452 Halifax. Kennard.,., Sir Howard.,.,,,.,. No l, 3.., Léon No l. 5,,. No l, Quai d Orsay,,, Tony Drexel Biddle. 453, DBFP,3 rd series, VII, No. 754, Kennard Halifax, Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle, Poland and the coming of the Second World War: the diplomatic papers of A. J. Drexel Biddle, Jr, United States Ambassador to Poland, ,, 1976, Beauvois,.., , Howard No l,., Sir Howard. No l,.,,,., 103

105 ,,., No l Kennard., No l Kennard. No l,,.,..,,.,. Kennard,,,,.., No l No l, Agression,. 402, Williamson,..,

106 :. «[ ], :,,.» 455 Adolf Hitler - -, Gustav Malher, Franz Kafka, Rainer Maria Rilke, Ludwig Wittgenstein Sigmund Freud.,.,.,,. : «O ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( SS), (Horst Wessel Lied), ( ), ( ), ( ) ( )». 456, Hitler. 455 The real opposition to the re-arming comes from the rich classes in the [Conservative] Party who fear taxation and believe Nazis on the whole are more conservative than Communists and Socialists: any war, whether we win or not, would destroy the rich idle classes and so they are for peace at any price. Harvey (.),.., Griffin Roger, Modernism and Fascism,, 2007,

107 20.,,., , o., 1937, Winston Churchill Hitler. «Hitler..,.» , Hitler., Churchill 1937,.,. Churchill,,, «;»,. «, ;» 457.,,,,, ,,,,, 457 Winston Churchill, Great Contemporaries,,

108 . 458,,, Neville Chamberlain Ida, «. [ ].,.,». 460, ,. Hitler:,,.,.,,. -,,,. -. Édouard Daladier,, Georges Bonnet, Neville Chamberlain.,... Hitler.,.,., 458 David Redles, Hitler s Millennial Reich: Apocalyptic Belief and the Search for Salvation,, 2005, Zizek Slavoj, ;, (. ),, 2002, Ian Kershaw, Hitler : Nemesis,, 2000, ,,, 2010,

109 .,.. Hitler,..,. status quo ,.,.,,,. Adolf Hitler.,,. Winston Churchil : «.,,....»,. :., , ;. -.,,.,.,,,. Nevile Henderson André Francois-Poncet, Hitler,

110 ,.. ; Eric Drummond, o Victor de Lacroix Quai d Orsay. Léon No l Howard Kennard,. Basil Newton, Robert Coulondre,,,. Henderson Francois-Poncet, - Hitler. Eric Phipps,,, Charles Corbin,.,,.,,,.,,. Henry Kissinger, «,..,,.. [...]...,,». 461.,., 461 Henry Kissinger,, (. ),, 1995,

111 ,, :..,,,..,,,,.. ; 110

112 -. Documents Diplomatiques Français, , (. Imprimerie Nationale) 2 e serie, ( ),Vol. X, , (, 1976) XI, (, 1977) Documents Diplomatiques Français, , (. P.I.E.- Peter Lang) (1939), Vol. LX, 3-31, (, 2002) Le Livre Jaune Français: documents diplomatiques , (. Imprimerie Nationale, 1939) Déposition du Ministre Plénipotentiaire de Lacroix devant la Commission d enquête sur les événements survenus en France de I933 à 1945, Assemblée Nationale,, 1952, v. I. Documents on German Foreign Policy, , from the Archives of German Foreign Ministry, (. United States Government Printing Office) series D ( ), Vol. I, From Neurath to Ribbentrop, (, 1949)., Germany and Czechoslovakia, , (, 1949) IV, The Aftermath of Munich, , (, 1951) VI, The Last Months of Peace , (, 1956) VI, The Last Days of Peace, , (, 1956) National Archives: CAB 23/93 CM 27 (38):

113 CAB 23/98 CM 17(39): Hansard, ( ) Documents on the events preceding the outbreak of war, (. Auswӓrtiges Amt, German Library of Information), (, 1939). The British War Blue Book. Documents concerning German-Polish relations and the outbreak of hostilities between Great Britain and Germany on September 3, (Electronic version by permission of Her Majesty's Government ) Documents on British Foreign Policy, , (. E.L. Woodward Rohan Butler) 2 nd series, Vol. VII, (, 1958) VII, 1938, (, 1949) 3 rd series, Vol. I, 1938, (, 1949) II, 1938, (, 1949), 1939, (, 1954) IV, 1939, (, 1951). The Canberra Times The Montreal Gazette The Sydney Morning Herald The Times. Meeting Minutes of International Commission on Sudetenland, 8 Oct 1938, World War II Database, Documents, The Munich Pact Survey of International Affairs: The Crisis over Czechoslovakia, (. R. G. D. Laffan), Vol. II, , (, 1951) History of the Times. The 150 th Anniversary and beyond ( ), v. 4, , pt II, (. Office of The Times),,

114 The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 3 rd ed.,. 1, (. William Little, H. W. Fowler, J. Coulson),, Armistice between France and Germany, The American Journal of International Law, Vol.34, 4 (1940), : Sverige Kommissionen om den svenska utrikesledningens agerande i fallet Raoul Wallenberg, Ett diplomatiskt misslyckande: fallet Raoul Wallenberg och den svenska utrikesledningen,, Cook, Chris and Paxton, John, European Political Facts, ,, Thanassecos, Luc, Chronologie des Relations Internationales ,, Abélès, Marc, Quiet days in Burgundy: a study of local politics,, Ádám, Magda, The Munich crisis and Hungary: The fall of the Versailles Settlement in Central Europe, Diplomacy & Statecraft. Special issue: The Munich crisis, 1938: Prelude to War, 10 (1999) Adamthwaite, Anthony, France and the coming of the Second World war, ,, Adamthwaite, Anthony, The lost peace. International relations in Europe, ,, Adamthwaite, Paul, The Franco-German Declaration of 6 December 1938, Les relation Franco-Allemandes (. Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique), 1976, Alexandroff, Alan Rosecrance, Richard, Deterrence in 1939, World Politics, 29/3, (1977), Atkin, Nicholas, Between democracy and autocracy: France, , Themes in Modern European History, (. Hayes Paul), 1992,

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117 Carley, Michael Jabara, A fearful concatenation of circumstances: The Anglo-German Rapprochement , Contemporary European History, 5/10 (1996), Carley, Michael Jabara, The alliance that never was and the coming of the World War II,, Carr, William, Arms, Autarky and Aggression,, Charmley, John, Chamberlain and the lost peace,, Churchill, Winston, Great Contemporaries,, Churchill Winston,, (. ),.1, -,,. Cienciala, Anna, Poland and the Western powers : a study in the interdependence of Eastern and Western Europe,, Cienciala, Anna, The Munich crisis of 1938: Plans and strategy in Warsaw in the context of the western appeasement of Germany, The Munich crisis, Prelude to World War II (. Igor Lukes, Erik Goldstein), 1999, Corner, Paul, The Fascist Party and Popular Opinion in Mussolini's Italy,, Cornwall, Mark, A fluctuating barometer: British Diplomatic Views of the Czech-German Relationship in Czechoslovakia, , Großbritannien, die USA und die böhmischen Länder (. Eva Schmidt-Hartmann Stanley Winters), 1991, Cornwall, Mark, The Rise and Fall of a Special relationship : Britain and Czechoslovakia , What Difference did the war make (. B. Brivati, H. Jones),, 1993, Coulondre Robert, De Staline á Hitler: Souvenirs de Deux Ambassades ,, Crane, Richard Francis, A French Conscience in Prague: Louis Eugène Faucher and the abandonment of Czechoslovakia,,

118 Cross, Mai a K. David, The European Diplomatic Corps,, Dalton, Hugh, Memoirs: The Fateful years, ,, 1957.,,, ( r. ),, Davies, Norman, God s Playground. A history of Poland, Volume II: 1795 to the present,, Davison, L. Robert, Striking a balance between Dissent and Discipline: Admiral Sir Reiginald Drax, The Northern Mariner/ Le matin du nord,, 13/2 (2003), Deakin, M. F.W., Anglo-French policy in relation to South-East Europe, , Les relations Franco-Britanniques (.Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), 1975, Dilks, David, The British Foreign Office between the wars, Shadow and Substance in British Foreign Policy (. B.J.C. McKercher D.J. Moss), 1984, Dilks, David (.), The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, ,, Dodd, Jr William E. Dodd, Martha (.), Ambassador s Dodd diary, ,, Dreifort, John E., The French Popular Front and the Franco-Soviet Pact, : A Dilemma in Foreign Policy, Journal of Contemporary History, 11 (1976), Drexel Biddle, Anthony Joseph, Poland and the coming of the Second World War: the diplomatic papers of A. J. Drexel Biddle, Jr, United States Ambassador to Poland, ,, Duff, Shiela Grant, The Parting of Ways: A personal account of the Thirties,, Dunbabin, John, The British military establishment and the policy of appeasement, The Fascist Challenge and the Policy of Appeasement (. Wolfgang and Lothar Kettenacker), 1983,

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133 1. Aimé de Fleuriau ( ) Sir George Cleck ( ) Charles Corbin ( ) Sir Eric Phipps ( ) Sir Ronald Campbell ( ) Charles Hervé Alphand ( ) Aretas Akers-Douglas ( ) Robert Coulondre ( ) Sir William Seeds ( ) Paul- mile Naggiar ( ) Sir Stafford Cripps ( ) Eric Labonne ( ) André François- Poncet ( ) Sir Eric Phipps ( ) Robert Coulondre ( ) Sir Nevile Henderson ( ) 132

134 Jules Blondel (, ) Sir Ronald Graham ( ) André François- Poncet ( ) Sir Eric Drummond ( ) Sir Percy Loraine ( ) Léon Noël ( ) Sir Joseph Addison ( ) Victor de Lacroix ( ) Charles Bentinck ( ) Sir Basil Newton ( ) Robert Hamilton Bruce Lockhart ( ) Jules Laroche ( ) Sir William Erkshire ( ) Léon Noël ( ) Emmanuel Lancial ( ) Sir Howard William Kennard ( ) 133

135 ., : - -,., : , Hitler : -,.,., : -, : -.,., : -. 35%, 45% : Anti-Commitern, : -, status quo :,,,,,.,, ,,. 134

136 :.. Mussolini -, : - Ribbentrop-Molotov , : -. Y - ( ) :,., , :,.,,.,,, ,, G. Doumerge: P. Doumer: A. Lebrun: A. Briand A. Tardieu A. Briand 135

137 M. Steeg P. Laval A. Briand P. Laval A. Tardieu A. Tardieu E. Herriot E. Herriot J. Paul- Boncour J. Paul- Boncour E. Daladier A. Sarraut B. Chautemps G. Doumergue L. Barthou P. Laval P.-E. Flandin F. Bouisson P. Laval A. Sarraut P.-E. Flandin L. Blum Y. Delbos B. Chautemps L. Blum J. Paul- Boncour E. Daladier G. Bonnet George V: Edward VIII: George VI: J. R. MacDonald Sir A. Chamberlain S. Baldwin A. Henderson Sir J. Simon S. Baldwin Sir. S. Hoare A. Eden N. Chamberlain Viscount Halifax W. Churchill 136

138 P. von Hindenburg: H. Müller H. Brüning J. Curtius H. Brüning Brüning F. von Papen K. von Neurath K. von Schleicher A. Hitler J. von Ribbentrop Victor Emmanuel III: O 1922 B. Mussolini B. Mussolini C. Grandi B. Mussolini G. Ciano Tomas G. Masaryk: Dr. Edvard Bene : ( ) Dr Emil Hácha: ( : E. Benes) 137

139 alypetr M. Hodza M. Hod a K. Krofta Gen. J. Syrový F. Chvalkovský R. Beran (Reich). I. Moscicki: Pilsudksi A. Zaleski K. Bartel K. Switalski K. Bartel W. S awek Pilsudksi W S awek K. Bartel A. Prystor J. Beck J. Jedrzejewicz L. Koz owski W. S awek M.Koscia kowski- Zyndram F. S. Sk adkowski W. Sikorski A. Zaleski. 138

140 2 Charles Corbin Eric Phipps Robert Coulondre Nevile Henderson 139

141 Eric Drummond William Kennard André Francois-Poncet Léon No l 140

142 Neville Chamberlain Viscount Halifax Édouard Daladier Georges Bonnet Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini 141

143 Galeazzo Ciano Joachim von Ribbentrop Konstantin von Neurath Ernst von Weizsäcker 142

144 Maxim Litvinov Vyacheslav Molotov Józef Beck Edvard Bene 143

145

146 , Hitler,

147