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8 --- #!G,:G $%&'& $&$(& '& ('%$%!6%)$$$#' $6%9 '* '%%'#%$$( ) '$$* 9%$$6$% $' $' $)')$$ $'*7!*''%$% )9-!*$$)9'$ ' #%%7#%%)97! #%'%$%"@77& $9)$$$ $9% %$'* #$$'"#%$%& = )79<< '*%79'$(3 ($'$ '&( &$'('& ('$( (&$ ((&$'$%# (&)$' $%(&& $&(( ()%$9% -- #9%' >9)$:( #%-'%$% -- +$ 6 )( Aug-03 A K Chattopadhyay 15 POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE EVOLUTION ---- (SILICON) POWER DIODES: SCHOTTKEY/ EPITAXIAL (P-I-N) / MPS (1992) / EmCon(2000) THYRISTORS : SCR (1958) TRIAC (1964) / BCT(1998) ASCR / RCT / GATT (1970) LASCR (1965) / LTT (1980) GTO (1961 / 1981) POWER TRANSISTORS: BJT (1970) DARLINGTON POWER MOSFET (1979) S-FET (1996) Cool MOS (1998) HYBRID: IGBT (1983/1988) NPT/PT/SPT/LPT/CSTBT TRENCH-GATE / HVIGBT RBIGBT (2000) BLIGBT (1998 Patent) SIT/ SITH (1987) MCT (1988) / BRT / EST (1992) IGCT / MTO / ETO (1996) PIC: SMART / IPM (1990) / HVIPM ASPIC / PEBB / IPEM (1996) Aug-03 A K Chattopadhyay 16 8

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27 Emerging Applications in PE Application Description Typ. Power(MW) Segment STATCOM Static Syn. Compensator (SHUNT) 100 T&D Industry (Voltage control, VAR compensation) SSSC Static Syn. Series Compensator 100 T &D UPFC Unified Power Flow Controller 200 T&D (Shunt-series, Power flow, voltage and PF control) IPFC Interline Power Flow Controller T&D (Series-series linking multiple transmission lines) DVR Dynamic Voltage Restorer Power (Corrects the voltage dip instantly) quality SSTS Solid State Transfer Switch do- (to alternative lines) Static Breaker Interrupts faults with sub-cycle response do- Intertie Allows energy exchange between Utility asynchronous 3-ph and/ or 1-ph. systems Traction VAR Speed Aug-03 Syn. Motor / Gen. Excitation A K Chattopadhyay control 30 Generation 53 A K Chattopadhyay (Contd.) 52 Emerging Applications in PE (Contd.) Application Description Typ. Power(MW) Segment Local/Dist. Fuel Cells or small Turbo-Gen. 2 Generation Generation (Distributed Generation) Energy Short term energy storage with PQ, T&D Storage / UPS batteries, flywheels, SMES etc. Traction Active Filter Harmonic distortion compensation 1-30 PQ Short DC Short distance HVDC(100kV) from 50 T&D Link utility to load and from alt. Sources to grid DC Distribution Local network to DC processes or Distribution PE systems with a DC link on the customer s site EV/HEV Electric Vehicles / Hybrid Electric Vehicles Industry MEMS Micro-electro-mechanical systems, actuators Power Source for the Information age (Computers, Telecom, Instrumentation..) Aug-03 A K Chattopadhyay 54 27

28 @'*9%$6-+ $)$$' Aug-03 A K Chattopadhyay 55 "$('($'& NA#@ : -+ ++";000& Aug-03 A K Chattopadhyay 56 28

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31 TABLE 3 (Contd.) #9''6'%$6 $)9'< ++ * ( %$6 %6$* 9' '%$ *$ "#= %$6&( 9% 6%)$$ 9'$* $ )' < $ (*$'% $' 6%%$'6($9'$(3$ 9<< '*%% * $* #*$-## 6( $' %$' = ) '%$ %6 ' ) )$% )<$ $ 9' '$%$'!6 '-%))$$* ( 9-9$$* %$' (' 8%)$$*'996 ) %$$'*(*'%%6%' 9) %6 ('$%$$ $ $% '%$ O? >9)$ $ $)$ $ 89$)6(>9' $(9' $5 Aug-03 A K Chattopadhyay 61 TABLE 3 (Contd.) $%$* %'$ $* '%$ ( 6'% ) 9'%' ( '$ 8 9-%$9%$* )*$% * "#& $ ($ $* ) "!89*$$&! 89$ '$3( 9-%$9%$*!' % ( 9' *' 6% %9) %$ '%$$(++%$*%$%"#D& 6')$)9'9'%%')' $)%$%')$% 98$";0-#&6$*$$$9$ %$$99($)$98$($ *($ $$66$* %$%$9)9% )6%3*$*)=)<$*$*$%$% $ '8' D#'$%$$%'''9%9 Aug-03 A K Chattopadhyay 62 31

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