The Accusative Case. A Target for the Action. A lesson for the Paideia web-app Ian W. Scott, 2015
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1 The Accusative Case A Target for the Action A lesson for the Paideia web-app Ian W. Scott, 2015
2 The Accusative Case So far we've seen three noun cases Nominative Genitive Vocative We need one more case to help in using verbs Accusative Shows which nominal is the direct object The person/place/thing that is the target of the action
3 What Is The Direct Object? The primary target of verb s action Some verbs don't need a direct object Intransitive verbs The action has no target Intransitive examples He jumps. We run. Other verbs need a target for the action Transitive verbs The direct object is the target of the action Transitive examples He buys a coffee. We chase the ball. Images by Julius Schorzman (top) and Thue (bottom).
4 Accusative Case Endings (Singular) -ν masculine 1 st -ν feminine -α (-ν) 3 rd -ν neuter
5 Accusative Case Endings (Singular) -ον masculine 1 st -ην or -αν feminine -α (-ν) 3 rd -ον neuter
6 Accusative Case Endings (Singular) λογον masculine μητερα 1 st παιδισκην θυραν feminine παιδα πολιν 3 rd τεκνον neuter ἰχθυν
7 Accusative Case Endings (Plural) -υς masculine -ας 1 st -ς feminine 3 rd -α neuter -α
8 Accusative Case Endings (Plural) -ους masculine -ας 1 st -ας feminine 3 rd -α neuter -α
9 Accusative Case Endings (Plural) λογους masculine μητερας 1 st παιδισκας feminine 3 rd τεκνα neuter πνευματα
10 Comparing Case Forms (1-2 ) masc. ( ) fem. (1 st ) neut. ( ) nom. ὁ λογος ἡ παιδισκη το τεκνον gen. του λογου της παιδισκης του τεκνου acc. τον λογον την παιδισκην το τεκνον voc. - λογε - παιδισκη - τεκνον Singular nom. οἱ λογοι αἱ παιδισκαι τα τεκνα gen. των λογων των παιδισκων των τεκνων acc. τους λογους τας παιδισκας τα τεκνα Plural voc. - λογοι - παιδισκαι - τεκνα
11 Comparing Case Endings (3 rd ) masc./fem. neut. nom. - - gen. -ος -ος acc. -α - voc. - - Singular nom. -ες -α gen. -ων -ων acc. -ας -α Plural voc. -ες -α
12 Comparing Case Endings (3 rd ) ἀμπελων-type Irregular μητηρ-type πνευμα-type nom. ἀμπελων γυνη πατηρ πνευμα gen. ἀμπελωνος γυναικος πατρος πνευματος acc. ἀμπελωνα γυναικα πατερα πνευμα voc. ἀμπελων γυναι πατερ πνευμα Singular nom. ἀμπελωνες γυναικες πατερες πνευματα gen. ἀμπελωνων γυναικων πατερων πνευματων acc. ἀμπελωνας γυναικας πατερας πνευματα Plural voc. ἀμπελωνες γυναικες πατερες πνευματα
13 Comparing Case Endings (3 rd ) παις-type πολις-type ἱερευς-type γενος-type ἰχθυς-type nom. παις πολις ἀντιοχευς γενος ἰχθυς gen. παιδος πολεως ἀντιοχεως γενους ἰχθυος acc. παιδα πολιν ἀντιοχεα γενος ἰχθυν voc. παις πολε ἀντιοχευ γενος ἰχθυ singular nom. παιδες πολεις ἀντιοχεις γενη ἰχθυες gen. παιδων πολεων ἀντιοχεων γενεων ἰχθυων acc. παιδας πολεις ἀντιοχεις γενη ἰχθυας voc. παιδες πολεις ἀντιοχεις γενη ἰχθυες plural
14 The Meaning of the Accusative English identifies the object with word order Τhe subject precedes the verb Τhe object follows the verb so these clauses mean different things The man is eating bread. Bread is eating the man.
15 The Meaning of the Accusative Greek identifies the object with case endings Word order flexible These sentences mean the same thing... Ὁ ἀνθρωπος ἐχει καρπον. Καρπον ἐχει ὁ ἀνθρωπος. Ἐχει καρπον ὁ ἀνθρωπος.
16 Case Endings for Personal Pronouns nom. ἐγω συ gen. (ἐ)μου σου acc. (ἐ)με σε voc. ἐγω συ Singular nom. ἡμεις ὑμεις gen. ἡμων ὑμων acc. ἡμας ὑμας Plural voc. ἡμεις ὑμεις
17 Case Endings for Τίς Masc. & Fem. Neut. nom. τίς τί gen. τίνος τίνος acc. τίνα τί voc. - - Singular nom. τίνες τίνα gen. τίνων τίνων acc. τίνας τίνα Plural voc. - -
18 Case Endings for Πας Masc. (3 ) Fem. (1 ) Neut. (3 ) nom. πας πασα παν gen. παντος πασας παντος acc. παν πασαν παν voc. πας πασα παν singular nom. παντες πασαι παντα gen. παντων πασων παντων acc. παντας πασας παντα voc. παντες πασαι παντα plural
19 Case Endings for Πολυς Masc. (2 ) Fem. (1 ) Neut. (2 ) nom. πολυς πολλη πολυ gen. πολλου πολλης πολλου acc. πολυν πολλην πολυ voc.?? πολλη πολυ singular nom. πολλοι πολλαι πολλα gen. πολλων πολλων πολλων acc. πολλους πολλας πολλα voc. πολλοι πολλαι πολλα plural
20 Case Endings for Mεγας Masc. (2 ) Fem. (1 ) Neut. (2 ) nom. μεγας μεγαλη μεγα gen. μεγαλου μεγαλης μεγαλου acc. μεγαν μεγαλην μεγα voc.?? μεγαλη μεγα singular nom. μεγαλοι μεγαλαι μεγαλα gen. μεγαλων μεγαλων μεγαλων acc. μεγαλους μεγαλας μεγαλα voc. μεγαλοι μεγαλαι μεγαλα plural
21 Keep Learning You can learn more about Greek cases and the accusative case in particular here: Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek (3 rd edition) accusative 6.9 (p. 31), (pp ) double accusative and adverbial accusative, chapter 6 exegesis (p. 41)!
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