πίστις, εως, ἡ = faith, trust, faithfulness, reliability, solemn promise, oath, troth, proof, pledge under BAGD 662a.

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1 1 Ephesians 1:15-23 (1:15) ἀκούσας aorist active participle ἀκούω = hear (as a passive respondent to λεγω), (literally of sense perception), hear something from someone, listen to (with genitive of the person and a participle), (lega) give (someone) a hearing, learn (or) be informed about something under BAGD 31b. πίστις, εως, ἡ = faith, trust, faithfulness, reliability, solemn promise, oath, troth, proof, pledge under BAGD 662a. ἀγάπη, ης, ἡ = love (an unquestioned example from a pagan source was lacking for a long time / now we have an inscription that is surely pagan), (of human love), (God or Christ), (of the love of God and Christ) II a love feast (a common meal eaten by early Christians in connection with their church services for the purpose of fostering and expressing brother love) under BAGD 5a. ἅγιος, ία, ον = (originally a cultic concept of the quality possessed by things and persons that could approach a divinity), (in the cultic sense) dedicated to God, holy, sacred (reserved for God and his service), (shading over into the meaning) holy = pure, perfect, worthy of God, (of persons), (of angels) holy, (of God), (used as a pure substantive) (concrete) sacrificial meat, what is holy β sanctuary under BAGD 9a. και την ἀγαπην την εἰς παντας τους ἁγιους 1 Grammatical note = Verbal Participles. Temporal. The temporal adverbial participle answers the question When? in relation to the main or controlling verb. Based on its aspect, the participle can communicate the perfective (aorist participle), imperfective (present participle), or stative aspect (perfect participle). Perfective participles depict a given action wholistically, that is, as simple having occurred; imperfect participles portray an action progressively, that is, as ongoing 1 {B} και την ἀγαπην την εἰς παντας τους ἁγιους (see Col 1.4) א e D c (D* omit second την) K Ψ Augustine Theodoret John-Damascus. και την ἀγαπην της κοινωνιας αὐτου την εἰς παντας τους ἁγιους 181. και την εἰς παντας τους ἁγιους ἀγαπην eth Cyril Ethalius. και την εἰς παντας τους ἁγιους A B P cop bo Origen Pelagius Jerome *א 46 Augustine Cyril.

2 2 or customary; and stative participles depict a state resulting from a preceding action or event. At times, participles appear first, followed by a series of imperatives or indicatives. In this case, they may convey antecedent action, not because they are in the aorist tense-form but because they are first in the series. For more examples of perfective aspect participles, see Eph 1:15 (ἀκουσας). See KMP, and n18, (1:16) παύω = (active) stop, cause to stop, quiet, relieve (middle) stop (oneself), cease under BAGD 638a. εὐχαριστῶν present active participle εὐχαριστέω = be thankful, feel obligated to thank, give thanks, render (or) return thanks, pray under BAGD 328a. μνεία, ας, ἡ = remembrance, memory (with object genitive) of someone, mention under BAGD 524a. ποιούμενος present middle participle ποιέω. μνείαν ποιούμενος Note how Koine Greek expressed make mention = remember. προσευχή, ῆς, ἡ = prayer, place of (or for) prayer, chapel under BAGD 713a. Grammatical note = Complementary Participles. As its name suggests, a complementary participle completes the idea of another (main) verb. Certain verbs, especially verbs that lexically communicate completion such as παυομαι or τελεω, require another verb to complete the verbal idea. Typically an infinitive is used but sometimes (rarely) a participle is used. I never stop giving thanks (Eph 1:16). See KMP, 340. (1:17) δόξα, ης, ἡ = brightness, splendor, radiance, (the state of being in the next life is thus described as participation in the radiance or glory) under BAGD 203b. δώῃ - aorist active subjunctive δίδωμι.

3 3 σοφία, ας, ἡ = wisdom, (the natural) wisdom (that belongs to this world), (the wisdom which God imparts to those who are close to him) under BAGD 759b. ἀποκάλυψις, εως, ἡ = revelation, disclosure, (of the revelation of truth generally with object genitive), (of revelations of a particular kind through visions and so on with genitive of the author), (in the eschatological sense of the disclosure of secrets belonging to the last days) under BAGD 92a. ἐπίγνωσις, εως, ἡ = knowledge, recognition (in our literature limited to religious and moral things) under BAGD 291a. Grammatical note = Genitive Case. Attributive. The attributive genitive is also called the Hebrew genitive or genitive of quality. It denotes an attribute of the head term, conveying an emphatic adjectival idea. This use of the genitive is common in Hebrew where a construct chain is used to describe an adjectival relationship If you can take the genitival modifier and place it in adjectival form in front of the head noun in your English translation (and that construction conveys the biblical author s meaning), then the genitive is rightly labeled as an attributive genitive Wallace distinguishes the attributive genitive from the attributed genitive (citing Eph 1:17-18). The two types of use are identical in structure, but in the case of the attributed adjective, the head noun, rather than the genitive [itself], is functioning (in sense) as an attributive adjective. See KMP, and n24. (1:18) πεφωτισμένους perfect passive participle φωτίζω = shine (of God) (transitive) give light to, light (up), illuminate, (figurative) (of heavenly light), bring to light, reveal something under BAGD 872b. ὀφθαλμός, οῦ, ὁ = eye, (as organ of sense perception), (transferred to mental and spiritual understanding) under BAGD 599a-. εἰδέναι perfect active infinitive οἶδα. ἐλπίς, ίδος, ἡ = hope, expectation, prospect, something hoped under BAGD 252b. κλῆσις, εως, ἡ = call, calling, invitation, station (in life), position, vocation under BAGD 435b.

4 4 τίς ἐστιν ἡ ἐλπὶς τῆς κλήσεως αὐτοῦ - Note how Koine Greek expresses this. Literally what is the hope of his calling = the hope to which he called you. πλοῦτος, ου, ὁ = wealth, riches, abundance or something under BAGD 674a. Sure enough also in Ephesians 2. κληρονομία, ας, ἡ = inheritance (so almost always in secular writings), possession, property, (in specific Christian usage) (corresponding to the LXX) (the possession of) salvation (as the inheritance of God s children) under BAGD 435a. Grammatical note = Adverbial Use of the Accusative. In this type of usage, the accusative functions in essence like an adverb in that it specifies manner, measure (time or space), or another aspect entailed by a given action. In fact, a number of words (quite frequently neuter adjectives as in the first example below) were employed with such frequency in an adverbial sense in the accusative that for all practical purposes they become adverbs (e.g., μαλλον, προτερον, πλειστον). As Brooks and Winbery note, The adverbial accusative modifies a verb rather than serving as its object. We will highlight three different uses of the adverbial accusative: (1) measure, (2) manner, and (3) respect. Other, less frequent, categories include: (1) the accusative used in oaths (2) the accusative absolute (Eph 1:17-18); (3) the predicate accusative; and (4) the accusative with passive verbs See KMP 68 and n69. (1:19) ὑπερβάλλον present active participle ὑπερβάλλω = go beyond, surpass, outdo under BAGD 840a. μέγεθος, ου, τό = greatness, size under BAGD 498b. δύναμις, εως, ἡ = power, might, strength, force, ability, capability under BAGD 207a. πιστεύοντας present active participle πιστεύω. ἐνεργεία, ας, ἡ = working, operation, action (so in NT and always of supernatural beings), way of working under BAGD 265a.

5 5 κράτος, ους, τό = power, might (of God s power), mighty deed, strength, intensity, power, rule, sovereignty under BAGD 449a. ἰσχύς, ύος, ἡ = strength, power, might under BAGD 383b. (1:20) ἐνήργησεν aorist active ἐνεργέω = (intransitive) work, be at work, operate, be effective, (middle, in our literature always with impersonal subject) (transitive) work, produce, effect (with accusative of the thing) under BAGD 265a. ἐγείρας aorist active participle ἐγείρω = (transitive) wake, rouse, raise, help to rise, lift up, raise up, erect, restore (of buildings) under BAGD 214b. καθίσας aorist active participle καθίζω = cause to sit down, seat, set under BAGD 389b. Grammatical note = Participles. Means. The adverbial participle of means answers the question How? the main verb was accomplished. The participle is usually translated with the phrase by or by means of. Unlike the participle of manner, this usage is not merely conveying the mental or emotional state someone experienced while performing an action, but the actual way in which it was completed. The participle usually follows the main verb. This usage is common. See KMP, 329. Grammatical note = ἐν (252x, object: dat). Location: in, on, among. See KMP, 403. (1:21) ὑπεράνω = (high) above (as improper preposition with genitive) under BAGD 840a. Hapax in the NT. Grammatical note = Improper Prepositions. ὑπεράνω 3x. Genitive. far above (Eph 1:21; 4:10; Heb 9:5). See KMP, 410. ἀρχή, ῆς, ἡ = beginning, origin, the first cause, ruler, authority, rule, office under BAGD 111b.

6 6 ἐξουσία, ας, ἡ = freedom of choice, right (to act, decide, or dispose of one s property as one wishes [Rw similar to Hebrew מ של perhaps]) ability (to do something), capability, might, power, authority, absolute power, warrant under BAGD 277b-. κυριότης, ητος, τό = (the essential nature of the) κυριος, the Lord s nature, (especially the majestic power that the κυριος wields) ruling power, lordship, dominion, (of a special class of angelic powers) under BAGD 460b. ὀνομαζομένου present passive participle ὀνομάζω = to name, give a name, call, name (with double accusative), name a name, use a name (or) word (the passive) be named (in the sense) be known under BAGD 573b. αἰών, ῶνος, ὁ = time, age, very long time, eternity, (of time to come which, if it has no end, is also known as) eternity, (a segment of time) age, the age to come under BAGD 27a. μέλλοντι present active participle μέλλω = be on the point of, be about to, be destined, inevitable, be about to, be on the point of, (in a weakened sense it serves simply as a periphrasis for the future), (denoting an intended action), (denoting an action that necessarily follows) 2 (the participle is used absolutely (?) in the meaning) future, to come, delay under BAGD 500b. (1:22) ὑπέταξεν aorist active ὑποτάσσω = subject, subordinate (passive) become subject (to a person or a state of being) subject oneself, be subjected (or) subordinated, obey, (of literary compositions or documents) attach (or) append (them to another literary work) under BAGD 847b. ἔδωκεν aorist active δίδωμι. ἐκκληςία, ας, ἡ = assembly, (as a regularly summoned political body), assemblage, gathering, meeting, (of the Christian) church (or) congregation, the church (or) congregation (as the totality of Christians living in one place), (of house-churches), (the local as well as the universal church is more specifically called This is essentially Pauline usage, and it serves to give the current Greek term its Christian coloring and thereby its special meaning) under BAGD 240b.

7 7 Grammatical note = ὑπερ (150x, object: gen or acc). Position: above, beyond, more than. See KMP, 407. (1:23) σῶμα, ατος, τό = body (of a man or animal), dead body, corpse (so always in Homer and often later), the living body under BAGD 799a. πλήρωμα, ατος, τό = that which fills, that which fills (up), content(s), that which makes something full (or) complete, supplement, complement, that which is brought to fullness (or) completion, fulfilling, fulfillment, the state of being full, fullness (of time) under BAGD 672a. πληρουμένου present middle participle πληρόω = make full, fill (full), (of things), (of persons) fill (with powers, qualities, and so on), (of time) fill (up), complete (a period of time) reach its end, being (something) to completion, finish (something already begun), fulfill under BAGD 670b.