ISIC E24, F31, L6, C23

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Ναθάμ Φωτόπουλος
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1 ISIC E24, F31, L6, C The export volume channel 4. The labour intensy channel 5.Efficiency channel

2 ISIC

3 (Frenkel & Ros, 26: 634) (Frenkel and Ros, 26: 635) 2. Real depreciation

4 (Appleyard and Field, 1995: 16) 1.Greenaway et al. 2.Fu and Balasubramanyam 3. Kruger 4. Balassa

5 .(Lee and Jansen, 27: 19/2) Ibid. 27 (Hue, 27: 18/341)

6 1.Branson and Love 2.Campa and Goldberg 3.Koren 4.Kandil and Mirzaie

7 LMIS 1.Klein et al. 2.Filiztekin 3.Nucci and Alberto Puzzelo

8 1.Frenkel and Ros 2.Faria, and. Leon Ledesma 3.Galindo et al. 4.Error correction model

9 . (VAR) 1. Hue

10 ISIC ISIC γ α β Q = A K N Q K N α t i γ β γ α W = β A K N C β 1 γ α 1 β = α A K t N C W α N W Q ) γ α β = A ( N β C Ln N = φ + φ1 Ln Q + φ2 Ln + W C e 1.Milner and Wright

11 φ = ( α ( Ln α Ln β ) + γ LnA ) /( α + β ), φ = 1/( α + β ), 1 φ = α /( α + β ) Ln e 2 = + φ1 Ln Q + φ2 Ln N φ Ln KL + e KL φ Ln N Ln KL + e = + φ11 Ln DQ + φ12 LnX + φ2 1.Milner and Wright 2. Goldberg and Tracy 3.Lieichenko and Silva

12 X DQ A δ δ 1 δ 2 A ( ) ( ), = e X Y ER δ 1 > δ 2 > ER XY Ln N * γδ /( α + β), δ = γδ /( α + β) φ2ln KL + δ1 Ln XY + δ 2 Ln ER + e * * * ϕ = α (lnα + ln β) /( α + β), δ = γδ /( α + β), δ = 1 * * * = φ + δ + φ Ln DQ * + φ LnX φ φ 2 δ 2 δ 1 I.S.I.C, REV.3 1.export penetration 2.Milner and Wright

13 T

14 N N.. 2.System of National Accounts

15 ISIC I t λ t = I e λ I t I t dk I t = dt k = I I λ λ t t dt = I e = K t = K + I ( δ K ) t 1 t t δ

16 ISIC (Hsiao, 23) (6) (7) (8) 256/8 332/19 342/88 * Ε( U X ) = X ISIC ISIC ISIC ISIC ISIC 2.Breusch and Pagan

17 Ε( U X ) 2 χ (8) (7) (6) 28.9* 49.39* 53.21* F (Hsiao, 23)

18 F 4 F 3 F 1 F (6) f1(4,84) f3(6,84) f4(2,124) * (7) f1(6,63) f3(8,63) f4(2,123) * (8) f1(1,21) f3(12,63) f4(2,121) * 2.Pooled data 4. Levin and Lin

19 ln Q ln KL ln DQ ln X ln XY ln ER t φ ln Q ln KL 2 R (prob) 2 = R = 1. Cross-Section Weights

20 φ ln DQ ln KL ln X 2 R 2 = R = (prob)

21 A φ + * * δ lnkl ln DQ ln X ln XY ln ER 2 R 2 = R = (prob)

22 ISIC

23 8. Alexandre, F; Bação, P; Cerejeira, J. and Portela, M; 21, Employment, exchange rates and labour market rigidy, IZA Discussion Paper, No Appleyard, D. R. and Alfred, J. F; 1995, International economy: Trade Theory and Policy, Library of Congress, USA. 1. Bahmani-Oskooee, M; Mirzaie, I. A. and Meza, I; 27, Sectoral employment, wages and the exchange rate evidence from the US, Eastern Economic Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp Balassa, B; 1978, Exports and economic growth: Further evidence, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 5, pp

24 12. Baltagi, B; 25, Econometric analysis of panel data, Torento, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 13. Branson, W. H. and Love, J. P; 1987, The real exchange rate and employment in US manufacturing: State and regional results, NBER Working Paper Series, No Campa, J. M. and Goldberg, L. S; 21, Employment versus wage adjustment and the US dollar, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp Faria, R. and Leon Ledesma, M. A; 25, Real exchangerate and employment performance in an open economy, Research in Economics, Vol. 59, pp Filiztekin, A; 24, Exchange rates and employment in Turkish manufacturing, Sabanci Universy Discussion Paper Series, No /eps/if/papers/51/514.pdf. 17. Frenkel, R. and Ros, J; 25, Unemployment and real exchange rate in Latin America, World Development, 25, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp Frenkel, R; 24, eal exchange rate and employment in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico Fu X. L. and Balasubramanyam, V. N; 25, Exports, foreign direct investment and employment: The case of China, The World Economy, Vol. 28, NO. 4, pp Galindo, A; Izquierdo, A. and Montero, J. M; 27, Real exchange rates, dollarization and industrial employment in Latin America, Emerging Markets Review, Vol. 8, pp Goldberg, L. and Tracy. J; 1999, The Mechanisms for exchange rate and wage interaction Greenaway, D. R ; Hine, R. and Wright, P; 1999, An empirical assessment of the impact of trade on employment in the Uned Kingdom, European Journal of Polical Economy, Vol. 15, pp Hsiao, C; 23, Analysis of Panel data, Cambridge Universy Press, Cambridge. 24. Hue, P; 27, Real exchange rate and manufacturing employment in China, China Economic Review,Vol. 18, pp Kandil, M. and Mirzaie, I; 23, The effects of dollar appreciation on sectoral labor market adjustments: Theory and evidence, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 43, pp Klein, M; Scott, S. and Triest, R; 23, Job creation, job destruction, and real exchange rate, Journal of International Economics, No. 59, pp Koren, M; 21, Employment response to real exchange rate movements: Evidence from Hungarian exporting firms, Hungarian Statistical Review, Vol. 79 (S6), pp Kruger, A; 198, Trade policy as an input to development, American Economic Review, Vol. 7, pp Lee, E. and Jansen, M; 27,Trade and employment, A joint study of the International Labour Office and the Secretariat of the World Trade Organization. 3. Leichenko, R. and Silva, J; 24, International trade, employment and earnings: Evidence from US rural countries, Regional Studies, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp Milner, C. and Wright, P; 1998, Modeling labour market adjustment to trade liberalization in an industrializing economy, Economic Journal, Vol. 18, pp Nucci, F. and Puzzelo, F. A; 24, The effects of exchange rate fluctuations on employment an analysis wh firm-level panel data.

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