CT Young-Mok Lee, MD, PhD; Jai-Soung Park, MD, PhD; Jung-Hwa Hwang, MD, PhD; Sung-Woo Park, MD; Soo-taek Uh, MD, PhD; Yong-Hoon Kim, MD, PhD; and Choon-Sik Park, MD, PhD CT (HRCT) (NFA) NFA HRCT NFA HRCT NFA 16 NFA 16 HRCT ( ) ( ) (>6mo) 36% 70% 100% NFA NFA (P <0.05) 7 NFA 5 NFA HRCT NFA (P<0.05) NFA NFA NFA NFA (bronchial wall thickening) (CT) (nearfatal asthma) (small airway) [1, ] 1y [3] CHEST 005 9 9 571
NFA HRCT [,5] NFA NFA HRCT (near-fatal asthma NFA) HRCT 6 mo [6, 7] [8, 9] NFA NFA NFA 0 16 CT (high-resolution CT HRCT) [13] FEV 1 >15% ( ) ( ) <10mg/mL ( FEV 1 0% ) ) ( ) [10] HRCT HRCT [1] ( 1 1 ) [11] HRCT ( 10 NFA ) [1] NFA [1] ( 3 16 ) ICU NFA NFA Paco >5 mm Hg (5.9kPa) 38 mm Hg Pao <60mmHg From the Asthma and Allergy Research Group (Drs. Lee, S-W Park, Uh, Kim, and C-S Park), Department of Radiology (Drs. J-S Park and Hwang), Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul and Bucheon, Korea. Correspondence to: Choon-Sik Park, MD, Professor, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 117 Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-Do 0-767, Republic of Korea; e-mail: schalr@schbc.ac.kr (7.9 kpa) 80 100 mm Hg [3, 1] <7d NFA 7d ( mg/kg ) ( 5mg/kg) β ( ) 7 NFA 57
HRCT HRCT h Chai [15] -50 HU HRCT -700 HU FEV 1 0% 1 350 1 700HU NFA 6wk HRCT (bronchial wall index BWI) ( ) () wk (3) () (5) (6) ( 1) Fleischner [16] 1 ( HRCT <10HU) (1 mm 10 mm ) HRCT (CT-W000 Hitachi Medical Tokyo Japan) 10 kv CT 00 ma 1 s 50 350 mm 1cm 0 mm A B 1 9 ( 1) HRCT A HRCT ( ) ( 1) B HRCT ( ) CHEST 005 9 9 573
BWI ( / ) [17] 1.5 mm (SPSS / PC WIN 8.0 package; SPSS; Chicago, IL) <1.5 x ± s x CT [18] CT 5 Mann-Wnitney U Wilcoxon Spearman FEV 1 6 ( BWI 1/3 /3 ) HRCT (0 HRCT 1 1% 5% 6% 50% 3 51% 75% 76% 100% ) [19, 0] 1 FEV 1 ( ) 3 1( P <0.05) NFA 0 1 Paco <6 3 6 1 (67.6 11.1) mm Hg (9.1 1.5) kpa 13 18 >18 5. 8.0 mm Hg (6.1 11. kpa) Paco (7.9 8.) mm Hg (6. 1.) kpa HRCT 3. 55.6 mm Hg (.6 7. kpa) HRCT 76% 71% 1 1 ( ) ( ) 3 ( ) 1 10 16 16 / 5.1 3.1 51.1 5. 59..6 9.8.3 / 7/7 7 / 3 5 / 11 11 / 5 / y 1.3 5.3 1.0 3.5 10.7.5 FEV 1 /% 71.9 6.3 57.6 7.6 56. 7.5 91. 3. 3 5 FEV 1 /% 97.6 3.1 85. 9.8 8.6 5.6 / µg 57. 85.3 1 3.8 11. 1 300 1.3 x ± s () x 3 P<0.05 57
BWI A B C 1.0 0.6 0. 0 1 3 1 3 1 3 0 ( 1) ( ) NFA ( 3) BWI (A) (B) (C) NS P >0.05 () (3) P <0.05 1 P <0.05 8% 76% 1 3 75% κ >0.75 1 3 HRCT κ 0.0 0.75 FEV 1 ( ) [1] BWI (0.5 BWI 1 FEV 1 ( 6.3) BWI 1 0.6 0.03 ) (r =-0.78 P <0.01) 3 0.53 0.01 3 0.55 0.0 BWI FEV 1 ( ) (0.0 0.08) (P < 0.05) FEV 1 ( A) ( ) ( ) NFA (100%) 1 36% 70% 6 1 mo ( 3 1 ( 3 1.81 0. 1 0.5 0.3 1.0 0.3 P<0.05) 1 ( B) 1 78.6% (1 11 ) 80.6% (10 8 ) 3 81.3% (16 13 ) 0% ( 1 1.78 ( 0. 1.8 0.3 3.1 0.) ( C) 3 1 HRCT FEV 1 1 3 16 0 BWI 0.78 0. 0. ( ) 0.0 0.51 0.06 P<0.01 ) 0.6 0.6 0.05 CHEST 005 9 9 575
3 5 1 3 ) HRCT (P <0.05 3D) HRCT HRCT (.0 0.3 1. 0.) (. 0. HRCT 7 mo ( 1.8 0.3) ( P >0.05 3E 16.8 mo) HRCT 1 3 F) 1 BWI (57 85) (1 3 11) (1 300 1) (P <0.05) HRCT 3 µg/d >1 ( 3E) 1 <0% 7 3 1 1 BWI (0.56 0 ( 3B) 0.03 0.8 0.01) (1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3) ( 3C F) ( P <0.05 3A B) 1 (.0 0. 1.57 0.3 P >0.05 3C) 3 BWI (0.6 0.0 0.5 0.0) HRCT P<0.05 P<0.05 NS BWI 0.8 0.5 0. A 0 B 0 C P<0.05 NS NS 0.8 0.5 0. D 0 E 0 F 3 1 (A B C) 3 (D E F) 16.8 mo (7 mo) HRCT BWI NS P>0.05 576
BWI FEV 1 NFA [31] Lucidarme [3] 10 BWI HRCT Lynch [] 10% Grenier [3] Harmanci [] 0% NFA BWI 36% 70% Awadh [1] BWI [ ] [33] HRCT Dunnill [6, 3] 10 mm HRCT HRCT 0% [35] [10, 35, 36] FEV 1 BWI [11, 37] [5, 6] BWI [7, 8] NFA ( ) [8, 8, 9] NFA FEV 1 NFA ( ) [30] [7 9] [8] NFA HRCT [38] NFA HRCT Paganin [10, 35] NFA HRCT Paganin [10 35] CT 1 wk CHEST 005 9 9 577
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37 Gono H, et al. Eur Respir J 003;:965 971 38 Bousquet J, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 000;161:170 175 39 Hoshino M, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;10:356 363 0 Claman DM, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol 199;9:861 869 1 Fahy JV, et al. Eur Respir J 1998;11:10 17 CHEST 00;16:180-188 CHEST No.5 561 CHEST E. Failure to receive pneumococcal vaccination. In a recent large study of nursing home residents, the history of pneumococcal vaccination failed to provide protection form the development of a first episode of pneumonia (choice E). Because the study did not cover the effect of vaccine on subsequent episodes of pneumonia, it still possible that the pneumococcal vaccine might have some protective effect against invasive pneumococcal disease, but previous prospective studies have clearly shown that the elderly frequently failed to develop adequate antibody titers to the vaccine strains. To this date, the state of pneumococcal vaccination in the elderly is open to question. A conjugate pneumococcal vaccine is currently undergoing clinical trials and it may prove to be effective. In the same study age (by decades), male gender and swallowing difficulty were predictive for the development of the first episode of pneumonia (choices A, C, and D), while having been vaccinated against influenza was protective (choice B). CHEST 005 9 9 579