Advances in Astaxanthin Production by

2007 7 July 2007 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING 24 4 Vol. 24 No. 4 :1004-9533 (2007) 04-0339 - 06, (, 300072) :,,, : ; ; ; : TQ920 :A Advances in Astaxanthin Production by Phaffia Rhodozyma Fermentation SUN Nai2xia, ZHAO Xue2ming (School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China) Abstract :Astaxanthin is a high2value2additive, which has wide applications in food, medicine and cosmetics. Phaffia rhodozyma is one of the microorganisms which produce natural astaxanthin. In this paper, the research advances and methods in breeding and fermentation optimization of Phaffia rhodozyma are summarized. Furthermore, strategy was proposed to solve the problems in large2scale commercial production of astaxanthin. Key words : Phaffia rhodozyma ; astaxanthin ; breeding ; fermentation optimization (3,3 2 24,4 2 2, 2 ),, [1 ],, [2 ],,, 2000 FDA,, :,, (DCW) (300 450 gπg),, [3 ],,,,Igene, Igene, (DCW) :2006-05 - 08 : (NSFC220536040) ; 973 (2003CB716003) : (1980 - ),,, :, : (022) 27406770,E2mail :xmzhao @tju. edu. cn

340 2007 7 8 000 mgπkg,, 1,,,, DNA 111 11111, [3 ],,, [4 ], 60 Co 137 Cr Namkyu sun [5 ] 3 kgy, 2 200 gπg 3 300 gπg [6 ] 315 kgy 11112 (NTG),, Lewis [7 ] NTG NTG2327 250 gπg 600 gπg [13 ] NTG Fang [8 ] NTG, 565 gπg 1516 gπg ( EMS), benomyl,, Calo [9 ] 232 %, 1 500 gπg EMS ( 20 % 40 %) [3 ] 11113, 1) :,,,, (DPA) 2 Namthip [10 ] DPA, 75 10-6 molπl 75 10-6 molπl DPA, 475 gπg 914 gπg Sanpietro [11 ] DPA : 10 10-6 molπl, 2, 60 10-6 molπl,, 2 2, 2 C23 C24, 10-4 10-3 molπl 2, Lewis [7 ] CBS672210, NTG 2 NTG2327, 3, 1 000 gπg 2) : ( FPP), Johnson [12 ] A (HMG2CoA) ( ),, Compactin Lovatatin Lovatatin, 930117 gπg, 72185 % 3) : Schroeder [14,15 ],,, A [3 ] b2c1,,, 4 gπl 3 %, [16 ] O 3 Π 10 20

24 4 : 341 min 2terthienyl,,An [17 ],, (Quantitative Flow Cytometry) (Cell Sorting) 10 000, 15 000 gπg 112,,, Prevatt [18 ] ( Trichoderma harzianium), Novozymes Novozyme234, 1 2 gπl [19 21 ] 1992,Chun [22 ], 1 600 gπg, 2 300 gπg,, ( < 211 10-9 ) Santopictro [23 ] ( Cryptococcus laurentii) ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae),,, 30 1999 [19 ], [4 ], 9714 % [21 ] 25 113,: [24 ], [25 ], Wang [26 ], Agrobacterium aurantiacum crt, ( IPP) Archaebacterium GGPP, 1125 mgπg,,, 11311 1997,Verdoes [24 ], [27,28 ] crtyb, GGPP, 2, [24 ],ast 2, P450 [28 ], NADH Fe 2 +, 2, 11312 Adrio [29 ] LiAc, Hyg R Pleo R Km R, Km R G418,, PGH21,, ( DNA ) 113 10 7 Πg 1997,Wery [30 ] PGH21 rdna, PGB2Ph9 rdna,, DNA ( < 5 10 6 Πg) ppr2t (gpd), Km R

342 2007 7, 10 10 8 Πg DNA,, PEG, DNA, [29 ] PEGΠ [30 ], (electroporation), DNA Rubinstein [31 ], LiCl, 1 200 V 50 F 2 000, 115 10 10 Πg 11313 DNA, Verdose [32 ] crtyb ( ), 2, crti ( ), 2,, : 211, ph Johnson [33 ] : 20 22, ph 510,,, 30 mmolπ(l h),, 2 Meyer [34 ] ph, Yamane [35 ] (CΠN), CΠN Crabtree, (45 gπl), [36 ] CΠN,, ;, 120 h, 30 gπl, 2116 mgπl 720 gπg Ramirez [37 ] ph,,, 811 mgπl, 92 % 212, Parajo [38 ], 0107 h - 1, 0147 gπg, 720 1 080 mgπkg Harrd [39 ] 10 %, 3,,, Fang [8 ] NCHU2FS301 :, 81637 5 mgπl, = 1 1 ( ),, 213 Calo [9 ] 1 gπl, 300 % Flores2Cotera [40 ], 218 10-2 molπl, 3,,,,,

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