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2-2 -1-1 Flux x E ν ( m sec sr GeV ) 1 3 1 2 Honda BGS νµ + νµ νe + νe 1 1 1-2 1-1 1 1 1 Neutrino Energy (GeV) 2.5 Honda ν µ + ν µ ν + e ν e 2.5 BGS ν µ + ν µ ν + e ν e 2. 2. Flux Ratios 1.5 ν e 1.5 ν e ν e ν e 1. 1. ν µ ν µ ν µ ν µ 1 1-2 1-1 1 1 Neutrino Energy (GeV) 1-2 1-1 1 1 1 Neutrino Energy (GeV)

1 4 θ flight length (km) 1 3 1 2 ν -1 -.5.5 1 Zenith angle (cos θ) 3 6 ν e +ν - e ν µ +ν - µ Flux x E 2 ν (m -2 sec -1 sr -1 GeV) 25 2 15 1 5.5GeV (x1.5) 1.GeV (x1) 2.GeV (x.5) 5 4 3 2 1.5GeV (x1.5) 1.GeV (x1) 2.GeV (x.5) -1 -.5.5 1 cosθ -1 -.5.5 1 cosθ

fully-contained partially-contained upward-going muon

1.8 ν ν - sin 2 θ m.6.4.2 1-2 1-1 1 1 1 2 A/ m 2

1 < P(ν µ ν µ ) >.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 2 4 6 8 112 L (km) θ 13 = deg θ 13 = 1 deg θ 13 = 2 deg θ 13 = 3 deg

Tyvek 8" PMT Top Black seat Barrel 2" PMT Bottom

< φ 52 photosensitive area > φ 46 cable glass multi-seal φ 254 1 φ 82 2 water proof structure φ 116 cable length ~7 ( 61 2 ) ~72 (mm)

Quantum efficiency.25.225.2.175.15.125.1.75.5.25 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 Wavelength (nm)

SCH ATM Electronics system PMT TKO module VME module...... 2 GONG... 6... SMP 6 SMP Online DAQ SCH ATM... 2 GONG Sbus-VME interface... 8... 8 TRG Work Station Trigger Local Hitsum PMT Paddle Card x4/quad QTC Module x1/quad 4 LSBs x5 TDC TDC FASTBUS ~47/quadrant High Voltage Supply 16 bit event # Struck FSCC AUX 84 pin data ribbon cables Ethernet FSCC Control

1 2 Trigger Rate (Hz) 1 Low-energy trigger High-energy trigger 1 1996 1997 1998 Year

UV filter ND filter Xe Flash Lamp Optical fiber SK TANK Photo Diode Photo Diode Scintilator Ball ADC PMT 2inch PMT Scintilator Trigger Monitor

mean 2.55pC 3 Ni wire +water Cf 2mm 2 1 5 1 pc 19mm

Super Kamiokande inner tank optical fiber 2 PMT variable attenuation filter optical fiber N 2laser generator λ=384nm monitor PMT sig. diffuser ball trigger elec. sig. LUDOX diffuser tip(tio 2 ) 2 PMT sig. sig. DAQ elec. T (nsec) 98 97 Typical TQ map 96 95 94 93 92 91 9 89 88 Q (p.e.)

CCD camera Beam Splitter (5:5) Lens CCD/PMT DYE / N2 laser 1 4 14-Dec-1996(42nm) L=92.2±5.2m Integrating Sphere << laser box >> Diffuser Ball 2inch PMT << SK Tank >> Optical Fiber (7m) 1 2 3 distance from CCD (m)

log(ql/f(θ)) 5 4 RUN 316 192. / 19 P1 5.987.469E-3 P2 -.9487E-4.4444E-6 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 l (cm) attenuation length (cm) 14 12 1 8 6 4.8 relative gain.7.6.5.4 1996 1997 1998 Year

8 Mean DATA = 38.64 MC = 37.89 6 4 2 2 4 6 MeV/c

Mean DATA = 16.97 MC = 17.38 1 5 1 2 3 MeV/c

Number of Events 25 22.5 2 17.5 15 12.5 1 7.5 5 2.5 1 8 6 (a) DATA (b) MC 4 2 5 1 15 2 25 3 Invariant mass (MeV/c 2 )

momentum (MeV/c) 4 375 35 325 3 275 25 225 2 (a) DATA (b) MC 3 32.5 35 37.5 4 3 32.5 35 37.5 4 opening angle (deg.) 1.15 1.1 <R MC >/<R DATA > 1.5 1.95.9 ±2.5%.85 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 Momentum (MeV/c)

Momentum/Range (MeV/cm) 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 DATA M.C. (Mom/Range) MC /(Mom/Range) DATA 1 1.2 1.15 1.1 1.5 1.95.9.85.8 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 Range (cm)

(M.C./DATA) (%) 1 8 6 4 2-2 -4-6 -8-1 LINAC decay-e π ±2.5% low stop-µ high stop-µ 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 Momentum(MeV/c)

NUM 112 RUN 321 SUBRUN 112 EVENT 653785 DATE 96-Oct-29 TIME 16:45: 5 TOT PE: 5852.6 MAX PE: 27.3 NMHIT : 312 ANT-PE: 47.3 ANT-MX: 14.2 NMHITA: 35 NUM 2 RUN 2534 SUBRUN 2 EVENT 944 DATE 96-Aug-15 TIME : 7:59 TOT PE: 4489.7 MAX PE: 25.8 NMHIT : 1927 ANT-PE: 25.6 ANT-MX: 2.3 NMHITA: 34 NUM 6 RUN 1879 SUBRUN 29 EVENT 176221 DATE 96-Jun-11 TIME 2:45:17 TOT PE: 33521.2 MAX PE: 256.7 NMHIT : 427 ANT-PE: 183.2 ANT-MX: 39.8 NMHITA: 1

Fully-contained (FC) Partially-contained (PC) Raw Data 6 1 /day ~4/day 1st. Reduction 1st. Reduction ~14/day ~5 /day 2nd. Reduction 2nd. Reduction ~2/day ~3 /day 3rd. Reduction 3rd. Reduction ~1/day ~2 /day 4th. Reduction 4th. Reduction ~2/day 5th. Reduction ~2/day Scan1 Scan2 Scan1 Scan2 16/day Final Scan Final Scan.8/day 8.4/day FC Final Sample PC Final Sample.57/day

Number of events Number of events 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 (a) Data (b) final sample data MC 1 2 3 4 5 PE 3

Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9 1 PE max /PE 3 Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 N hita

N match N match 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (a) after eye-scanning (b) flasher events CUT CUT.4.5.6.7.8.9 1 1.1 max R match

Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events 1 8 1 6 1 4 1 2 1 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 T width (ns) Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events 1 1 1 8 1 6 1 4 1 2 1 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC 1 2 3 4 N clust

more charge Cluster 1 less charge Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC 1 2 3 4 5 6 N clustmin

Number of OD cluster >2 1 (a) Data Number of OD cluster >2 1 (c) final sample (data) Number of OD cluster >2 1 (b) MC Number of OD cluster >2 1 (d) final sample (MC) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PE 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PE 2

Number of Events 12 1 8 6 4 2 final sample (Number of OD cluster) = data MC Number of Events 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 final sample (Number of OD cluster) = 1 data MC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PE2

Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Number of OD hits within 8m

entrance position Inner detector l µ muon track o 42 l ph photon PMT exit position

NUM 1 RUN 2625 SUBRUN 1 EVENT 462 DATE 96-Aug-27 TIME 9:5:59 TOT PE: 11656.8 MAX PE: 311.5 NMHIT : 8664 ANT-PE: 324.6 ANT-MX: 39.5 NMHITA: 152

fit goodness fit goodness 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 (a) Data fit goodness 1 1.9.9.8.8.7.7.6.6.5.5.4.4.3.3.2.2.1 (b) MC.1 (d) final sample (MC) 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 muon track length (cm) fit goodness 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 (c) final sample (data) muon track length (cm) Number of Events Number of Events Number of Events 25 2 15 1 5 1 8 6 4 2 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 (a) Data (b) MC (c) final sample data MC 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 DCORN (cm)

σ(1-38 cm 2 ) 2 1.5 ANL GGM Serpukhov σ(1-38 cm 2 ) 2 1.5 GGM Serpukhov 1 1.5.5 1 2 3 4 5 Energy(GeV) 1 2 3 4 5 Energy(GeV) cosθ 1.8.6.4.2 -.2 -.4 -.6 -.8-1 BNL simulation.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 neutrino energy (GeV)

CC single-π production cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ) 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 νp l - Pπ + ν - N l + Nπ - 2 4 6 8 1 energy (GeV).3.25.2.15.1.5 νn l - Pπ ν - P l + Pπ 2 4 6 8 1 energy (GeV) cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ).3.25.2.15.1.5 νn l - Nπ + ν - P l + Pπ - 2 4 6 8 1 energy (GeV)

NC single-π production cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ).2.18.16.14.12.1.8.6.4.2 νn νnπ ν - N ν - Nπ 2 4 6 8 1 energy (GeV).2.18.16.14.12.1.8.6.4.2 νp νpπ ν - P ν - Pπ 2 4 6 8 1 energy (GeV) cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ).14.12.1.8.6.4.2 νn νpπ - ν - N ν - Pπ - 2 4 6 8 1 energy (GeV).14.12.1.8.6.4.2 νp νnπ + ν - P ν - Nπ + 2 4 6 8 1 energy (GeV)

multi-π production cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ) 6 5 4 3 2 1 νn l - N mπ ν - N l + N mπ 2 4 6 8 1 energy (GeV) 6 5 4 3 2 1 νn νn mπ ν - N ν - N mπ 2 4 6 8 1 energy (GeV)

cross section (x1-38 cm 2 ) 1.4 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 ν 16 O l ±16 Oπ ν 16 O ν 16 Oπ 2 4 6 8 1 energy (GeV)

cross section (mb) 6 5 4 total inelastic absorption charge exchange 3 total 2 inelastiic 1 absorption charge exchange 1 2 3 4 5 6 P π (MeV/c)

d 2 σ/dωdp π (µb/sr/(mev/c)) 1.9 γ + 12 C π - + X Θ γπ =44.2 o E γ =368MeV.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 1.9 γ + 12 C π + + X Θ γπ =44.2 o E γ =468MeV.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 P π (MeV/c) d 2 σ/dωdp π (µb/sr/(mev/c)) 1.9 γ + 12 C π - + X Θ γπ =52 o E γ =391MeV.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 1.9 γ + 12 C π + + X Θ γπ =52 o E γ =391MeV.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 P π (MeV/c)

attenuation coefficient(1/m) 1-1 Dec.-3,4-96 Dec.-17-96 Jan.-18-97 total Dec.-14-96 Dec.-27-96 Mar.-6-97 absorption 1-2 Mie scattering Rayleigh scattering 1-3 2 3 4 5 6 7 wavelength (nm)

reflection (%) 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 reflection (%) 1 8 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 incoming angle (degree) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 incoming angle (degree)

number of p.e. 15 1 5 second derivarive 2 4 6 8 1-1 2 4 6 8 degree

45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 FC e-like (cm) 1 8 6 4 2 5 1 15 2 FC µ-like (cm) 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 5 1 15 2 PC (cm)

42 deg. ring (possible center) hit PMT 6 4 2 center (most probable) Cherenkov ring 15 θ(degrees) 1 5 1 2 3 φ(degrees)

efficiency 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 fiducial volume ν e 5 1 15 D wall (cm) efficiency 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 fiducial volume ν µ 5 1 15 D wall (cm) efficiency 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 ν e 1 2 1 3 1 4 momentum (MeV/c) efficiency 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 ν µ 1 2 1 3 1 4 momentum (MeV/c)

probability.3.25.2 1 p.e. expected 5 p.e. expected 1 p.e. expected 2 p.e. expected.15.1.5 5 1 15 2 25 3 observed charge (p.e.)

Number of events 4 35 µ-like e-like 3 sub-gev 25 2 15 1 5-1 -8-6 -4-2 2 4 6 8 1 Number of events 6 5 4 3 2 1 multi-gev µ-like e-like -2-15 -1-5 5 1 15 2 PID estimator

1 8 6 4 2 2 175 15 125 1 75 5 25 5 1 15 2 5 1 15 2 Sub-GeV e-like (cm) Sub-GeV µ-like (cm) 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 5 1 15 2 Multi-GeV e-like (cm) 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 Multi-GeV µ-like (cm)

3 25 2 15 1 5 2 4 6 8 1 Sub-GeV e-like (deg) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 4 6 8 1 Sub-GeV µ-like (deg) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 4 6 8 1 Multi-GeV e-like(deg) 25 2 15 1 5 2 4 6 8 1 Multi-GeV µ-like(deg)

(MeV/c) 2 lepton momentum 15 1 5 muon electron (%) 1 8 2 4 6 8 1 RTOT electron 6 4 momentum resolution 2 1 8 muon 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 (MeV/c) momentum

1 4 1 3 Fully-Contained Partially-Contained Number of events 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of hits in outer detector cluster 1 4 Number of events 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 Number of cerenkov rings

1 3 FC 1 2 PC Number of events 1 2 1 Number of events 1 1 1-2 1-1 1 1 1 2 1 3 Visible energy (GeV) 1 1-2 1-1 1 1 1 2 1 3 Visible energy (GeV)

1 sub-gev e-like 75 5 25 1 5 sub-gev µ-like 8 sub-gev e-like 6 4 2 1 sub-gev µ-like 75 5 25 3 2 multi-gev e-like 6 multi-gev µ-like 4 3 2 multi-gev e-like 3 multi-gev µ-like 2 1 2 1 1 4 2 FC all event 4 2 PC 4 3 2 1 FC all event 4 3 2 1 PC -1 1 Z(cm) -1 1 Z(cm) 1 2 x 1 3 R 2 (cm) 1 2 x 1 3 R 2 (cm) Number of events Number of events 15 1 5 2 1 3 sub-gev e-like sub-gev µ-like sub-gev µ/e Number of events Number of events 6 4 2 2 15 1 5 6 multi-gev e-like multi-gev µ-like + PC multi-gev µ/e µ/e 2 µ/e 4 1 2 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 D wall (cm) D wall (cm)

Number of events 3 2 1 FC e-like DATA/MC 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 FC e-like FC µ-like PC 2.5 FC µ-like PC Number of events 4 2 DATA/MC 2 1.5 1.5 2.5 µ/e 2 1.5 1.5 (µ/e) DATA /(µ/e) MC 2 1.5 1.5 1 2 1 3 1 4 P lep (MeV/c) 1 2 1 3 1 4 P lep (MeV/c)

Inner detector wall Fromwall Dwall vertex direction

Number of events 2 15 1 5 sub-gev µ-like Fromwall dist all volume data MC Number of events 2 15 1 5 multi-gev µ-like Fromwall dist all volume data MC 2 1 Number of events3 background Number of events 15 1 5 background Number of events 2 15 1 5 9%CL upper limit background Number of events 2 15 1 5 9%CL upper limit background 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 Fromwall (cm) 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 Fromwall (cm) Number of events 4 2 PC Fromwall dist all volume data MC Number of events Number of events 2 1 4 2 background 9%CL upper limit background 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 Fromwall (cm)

18 o νe 15 o CC elastic 12 o 9 o 6 o opening angle 3 o o 18 o 15 o νµ CC elastic 12 o 9 o 6 o 3 o o 5 1 15 2 25 3 (MeV/c) lepton momentum

Number of events 25 2 15 1 5 sub-gev e-like Number of events 5 4 3 2 1 sub-gev µ-like Number of events 9 multi-gev e-like 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1-1 -.5.5 1 cosθ Number of events 25 2 15 1 5 multi-gev µ-like+pc -1 -.5.5 1 cosθ DATA/MC DATA/MC 2 1.8 sub-gev e-like 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 2 1.8 multi-gev e-like 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.8.6.4.2-1 -.5.5 1 cosθ DATA/MC DATA/MC 2 1.8 sub-gev µ-like 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 2 1.8 multi-gev µ-like+pc 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.8.6.4.2-1 -.5.5 1 cosθ µ/e (µ/e) DATA /(µ/e) MC 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 sub-gev sub-gev -1 -.5.5 1 cosθ µ/e (µ/e) DATA /(µ/e) MC 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 multi-gev multi-gev -1 -.5.5 1 cosθ

.6.4 FC e-like (U-D)/(U+D).2 -.2 -.4 -.6.6.4 FC µ-like PC (U-D)/(U+D).2 -.2 -.4 -.6 1 2 1 3 1 4 P lep (MeV/c)

Mean momentum (MeV/c) 41 4.5 4 39.5 - +.6 % 39 38.5 38-1 -.8 -.6 -.4 -.2.2.4.6.8 1 cosθ

2.2 sub-gev e-like 2.2 sub-gev µ -like log (P(GeV/c)) log (P(GeV/c)) 1 1 2.4 2.6 2.8 3. 3.2-1 -.6 -.2.2.6 1 3. 3.4 cosθ multi-gev e-like -1 -.6 -.2.2.6 1 cosθ 2.4 2.6 2.8 3. 3.2-1 -.6 -.2.2.6 1 cosθ multi-gev µ -like -1 -.6 -.2.2.6 1 PC -1 -.6 -.2.2.6 1 cosθ

efficiency efficiency 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 FC e-like FC µ-like 1-1 1 1 neutrino energy (GeV) FC µ-like + PC PC 1-1 1 1 neutrino energy (GeV)

Density (g/cm 3 ) 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 Radius (km) 1-1 1-2 m 2 (ev 2 ) 1-3 1-4 9% 99%.2.4.6.8 1 sin 2 2θ

1-1 1-1 m 2 (ev 2 ) 1-2 1-3 m 2 (ev 2 ) 1-2 1-3 1-4 9% 99%.2.4.6.8 1 sin 2 θ 23 1-4 9% 99%.2.4.6.8 1 sin 2 θ 13

5 5 45 4 99%C.L. 9%C.L. 45 4 99%C.L. 9%C.L. 35 35 χ 2 -χ 2 min 3 25 2 χ 2 -χ 2 min 3 25 2 15 1 5 11.34 6.25 15 1 5 11.34 6.25.2.4.6.8 1.2.4.6.8 1 sin 2 θ 23 sin 2 θ 13

Number of events 25 2 15 1 5 sub-gev e-like Number of events 5 4 3 2 1 sub-gev µ-like Number of events 9 multi-gev e-like 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1-1 -.5.5 1 cosθ Number of events 25 2 15 1 5 multi-gev µ-like + PC -1 -.5.5 1 cosθ.6.4 FC e-like (U-D)/(U+D).2 -.2 -.4 -.6.6.4 FC µ-like PC (U-D)/(U+D).2 -.2 -.4 -.6 1 2 1 3 1 4 P lep (MeV/c)

45 4 3 flavor 45 4 2 flavor (ν µ ν τ ) 35 35 3 3 χ 2 -χ 2 min 25 2 9% 99% χ 2 -χ 2 min 25 2 9% 99% 15 1 5 11.3 6.3 15 1 5 9.2 4.6 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-1 m 2 (ev 2 ) 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-1 m 2 (ev 2 )

(U-D)/(U+D) (U-D)/(U+D).6.4.2 -.2 -.4 -.6.6.4.2 -.2 -.4 (a) sub-gev e-like 3 flavor 2 flavor (ν µ ν τ ) (c) multi-gev e-like (b) sub-gev µ-like (d) multi-gev µ-like + PC -.6 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-1 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-1 m 2 (ev 2 ) m 2 (ev 2 )

1-1 1-1 m 2 (ev 2 ) 1-2 1-3 1-4 CHOOZ (exclude) Bugey (exclude) Gösgen (exclude).25.5.75 1 m 2 (ev 2 ) 1-2 1-3 1-4 K2K MINOS.25.5.75 1 1-1 sin 2 2θ ee 1-1 sin 2 2θ µµ m 2 (ev 2 ) 1-2 1-3 1-4 K2K MINOS CHOOZ+SK (exclude).25.5.75 1 m 2 (ev 2 ) 1-2 1-3 1-4 MINOS CHOOZ+SK (exclude).25.5.75 1 sin 2 2θ µe sin 2 2θ µτ