Appendix: The Greek Alphabet

Appendix: The Greek Alphabet The Greek alphabet is still used to designate the brighter stars of each constellation. This method of identification was developed by German astronomer Johan Bayer in 1603 when he published Uranometria, the first star atlas covering the entire sky. α Alpha η Eta ν Nu τ Tau β Beta θ Theta ξ Xi υ Upsilon γ Gamma ι Iota ο Omicron φ Phi δ Delta κ Kappa π Pi χ Chi ε Epsilon λ Lambda ρ Rho ψ Psi ζ Zeta μ Mu σ Sigma ω Omega Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 D. A. Jenkins, First Light and Beyond, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18851-5 293

References1 1. DiCecco, A., Becucci, R., Bono, G., et al. (2010). On the absolute age of the Globular Cluster M92. Publ Astron Soc Pacifi c, 122 (895), 991 999. 2. Hendry, M. A., Smartt, S. J., Crockett, R. M., et al. (2006). SN 2004A: another Type II-P supernova with a red supergiant progenitor. Mon Not R Astron Soc, 369 (3), 1303 1320. 3. Fitzsimmons, A. (1993). CCD Stromgren UVBY photometry of the young clusters NGC 1893, NGC 457, Berkeley 94 and Bochum 1. Astron Astrophys Suppl Ser, 99 (1), 15 29. ISSN 0365 0138. 4. Quinn, S. N., White, R. J., Latham, D. W., et al. (2012). Two b s in the beehive: the discovery of the first hot Jupiters in an open cluster. Astrophys J Lett, 756 (2), Article ID. L33, 5 pages. 5. Kiss, L., Szabo, M., Balog, Z., et al. (2008). AAOmega radial velocities rule out current membership of the planetary nebula NGC 2438 in the open cluster M46. Mon Not R Astron Soc, 391 (1), 399 404. 6. Crampton, D., Cowley, A., Schade, D., et al. (1985). The M31 globular cluster system. Astrophys J, 288, 494 513. Part 1 (ISSN 0004 637X). 7. Van Dyk, S., Schuyler, D., Zheng, W., et al. (2013). The progenitor of supernova 2011dh has vanished. Astrophys J Lett, 772 (2), Article ID L32, 5 pages. 8. Sato, M., Hirota, T., Honma, M., et al. (2007). Absolute proper motions of water masers in NGC 281 measured with VERA, astrophysical masers and their environments. Proc IAU Symp, 242, 170 171. 9. Mundell, C., James, P., Loiseau, N., et al. (2004). The unusual tidal dwarf candidate in the merger system NGC 3227/3226: star formation in a tidal shock? Astrophys J, 614 (2), 648 657. 1 This research has made use of NASA s Astrophysics Data System. Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 D. A. Jenkins, First Light and Beyond, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18851-5 295

Index A Amalthea, 63, 198 Apparent motion, 3, 15, 25, 27, 36, 38 Asterism(s), 20 21, 22, 69, 92, 98, 106, 111, 113, 117, 133, 135, 203, 205, 227, 286 Astronomical League, 195, 203, 227, 237, 240, 274, 284 288 Astronomy apps, 22 software, 8, 11, 36, 94, 95, 144, 148, 277 Astrophotography, 3, 25, 39, 77, 239 250, 254, 263, 273, 290 Aurora borealis, 1, 54, 55 Auto-guider, 245 Averted vision, 87, 96, 97, 106, 117, 119, 129, 147, 150, 156, 173 B Barnard, E.E., 15, 63, 83, 197, 198, 212, 259 Bayer designations, 129 Beehive Cluster (M44), 51, 89, 90, 116, 136 Binoculars, 15, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 37, 54, 59, 64 66, 70, 71, 81, 91, 92, 96 98, 100, 106, 110, 111, 116, 117, 119, 129, 133, 135, 136, 145, 147, 149 152, 156, 163, 166, 168, 178, 185, 194, 216, 218, 229, 277, 286, 287, 290 Binoviewer, 59, 79 Blue stragglers, 110, 222 Books (astronomy), 233, 252 254, 262, 263, 270, 286 Butterfly Nebula, 216, 218 C Celestial directions, 4, 5, 9, 12, 15, 24, 28, 29, 39 Celestial sphere, 5, 7, 8, 13, 29, 37 39, 82 Chandra, 231, 238, 274 Cleaning (telescope), 36 Cleaning optics, 35 Collimation, 33 35, 39, 60, 71, 286 Collinder 399, 227 Constellations, 3, 8, 9, 11 15, 17 25, 32, 37 39, 53, 56, 66, 68 70, 75, 81, 82, 86, 89, 90 95, 106, 111, 113, 116, 117 119, 122, 128, 132, 133, 135, 136, 143, 149, 150, 153, 156, 163, 168, 177, 178, 184, 188, 190 192, 194, 204, 206, 207, 214, 216 218, 220, 224, 227, 229, 235, 241, 253, 256, 259, 269, 270, 272, 277, 293 Coordinates, 2, 7, 8, 36, 37, 70, 77, 135, 148, 250, 260 262 Curtis, Heber, 141 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 D. A. Jenkins, First Light and Beyond, The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18851-5 297

298 D Dark adaptation, 74, 95 96, 106, 235 Dark sky site, 50, 79, 203, 238, 248, 269, 280, 284 Deep sky observing, 69, 70, 90, 147, 194, 257, 258, 273 Delisle, Joseph, 46 Dew prevention, 73 74 Dew shield, 74, 78 Direction, 3 15, 17, 24, 28 31, 37 39, 57, 66, 81, 91 93, 97, 135, 163, 173, 224, 245, 252, 254, 269 Distance, 3 9, 15 17, 26 28, 38, 39, 72, 92, 97 100, 106, 111, 121, 122, 129, 148, 150, 155, 163, 166, 177, 185, 204, 216, 217, 224, 227, 234, 272 Dreyer, J., 1 DSLR camera, 241 245 E Eskimo Nebula (NGC 2392), 89, 90, 136 Eyepieces, 27, 28, 39, 70 74, 79, 80, 91, 93, 94, 147 F Field of view, 4, 25 29, 31, 36, 37, 39, 65, 66, 71 74, 77, 81, 86, 91 94, 96, 98, 99, 106, 119, 128, 136, 144, 145, 149, 152, 168, 173, 176, 178, 181, 216, 224, 227, 244 Filter(s), 75 76 broadband, 75 H-beta, 76 moon, 75 narrowband, 76, 95, 250 O-III, 76, 128, 129, 134, 204, 218, 220, 229 Finderscopes, 4, 33, 37 38, 60, 66 68, 74, 78, 81, 86, 91, 93, 94, 98, 116, 117, 128, 136, 145, 147, 152, 178, 194, 205 FITS Liberator, 247 Flamsteed numbers, 20, 69, 129 Focal length, 26, 72, 91 Focal ratio, 26, 71, 72 F ratio, 241 G Galaxies, 25, 32, 47, 55, 69, 76, 77, 135, 141 196, 198, 202 204, 207, 211, 214, 215, 224, 227, 239, 240, 271, 272, 286 H Heliosphere, 4, 5 Helix Nebula, 129, 130, 191 Herschel, Caroline, 222, 224, 264 Herschel, William, 46, 111, 118, 141, 177, 178, 184, 185, 188, 197, 198, 222, 227, 252, 258 Hubble, Edwin, 142, 143, 239 Hubble Telescope, 17, 55, 57, 119, 148, 231, 269 I IC 405, 229, 230 IC 410, 229, 230 IC 1029, 207, 211 IC 1590, 216 IC 5146, 132 International Dark-Sky Association (IDA), 49, 57, 151, 199 202, 234, 237, 274, 289 Internet telescope rental, 249 250 itelescope, 248 250 L Laser collimator, 34, 74 Light pollution, 24, 39, 47 49, 56 58, 61, 63, 68, 75, 76, 95, 119, 147, 197 203, 232, 234, 237, 284, 287 289, 292 Light year, 3, 4, 9, 15, 17, 89, 97 101, 103, 106, 110, 111, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122, 129, 132, 133, 141 143, 148 150, 152, 156, 163, 166, 168, 173, 177, 178, 181, 184, 185, 194, 204 207, 212, 214, 216 218, 220, 222, 224, 227, 281 M M1, 203, 204 M2, 99, 100, 103, 129 M3, 117 M4, 117 M5, 117 M6, 117 M7, 117, 133 M8, 133 M13, 98 101, 106, 117, 144, 145, 204, 216 M15, 99, 100, 103, 129, 224 M20, 60, 95, 134 M21, 134 M23, 135, 216, 219 Index

Index M27, 122, 128 M31, 60, 66, 141, 142, 144, 148 152, 166, 295 M33, 37, 144, 148 152, 166 M34, 212 M36, 117 M37, 117 M38, 111, 113, 116 M41, 110, 111, 122 M42, 60, 118, 119, 121, 220 M43, 119 M44, 51, 89, 90, 116 M46, 121 123 M50, 218, 220 M51, 141, 142, 156, 159, 166 M57, 118, 136, 137 M65, 168, 171 M66, 168, 171 M68, 206 M76, 128, 129 M78, 220, 222, 223 M81, 152, 155 157, 166 M82, 152, 155, 156, 166 M83, 150 153, 166 M92, 98 101, 216 M95, 29, 173 M96, 173 M97, 166, 167 M101, 156, 161, 163, 166, 181 M103, 106, 107, 110, 224 M104, 60, 141, 143, 163, 164, 166, 191 M105, 173 M108, 166 168 M109, 168, 169 Magnification (eyepiece), 4, 26, 34, 39, 57, 58, 65 66, 68, 71, 72, 79, 91, 98, 106, 117, 135 137, 147, 151, 156, 177, 194, 205, 206, 241 Magnitude, 8, 13, 15 20, 22, 25, 57, 68 70, 91 95, 99 101, 106, 110, 111, 116, 117, 119, 122, 128, 129, 132, 133, 135 137, 143, 144, 147 152, 155, 156, 163, 166, 168, 171, 173, 176 178, 181, 184, 185, 188, 191, 195, 202, 204 207, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 224, 227, 234, 245, 261, 272 McNeil s Nebula, 222 Messier, Charles, 45 47, 62, 111, 133, 141, 150, 168, 197, 198, 203, 206, 262, 264, 273 Meteor showers, 52, 53, 61, 270, 271 Motion, 3 25, 27, 36, 38, 80, 81, 201, 244, 245, 290 299 N Nebulae, 46, 47, 55, 63, 69, 71, 75, 77, 89 142, 144, 145, 147, 149, 151, 168, 194 196, 198, 203, 214, 220, 223, 229, 239, 243, 244, 261, 286 New General Catalog, 1, 198 New moon, 56, 81, 98 NGC 366, 227 NGC 457, 107, 110, 147 NGC 659, 224 NGC 681, 188, 191, 192 NGC 869, 89, 110, 112, 205 NGC 884, 89, 110, 112, 205 NGC 1122, 212, 213 NGC 1893, 117 NGC 1907, 116, 117 NGC 1931, 117 NGC 1977, 214 NGC 1981, 214 NGC 2316, 218, 220 NGC 2392, 89, 90, 136 NGC 2438, 121 123 NGC 3226, 227, 229 NGC 3227, 227, 229 NGC 3242, 206 NGC 3367, 173, 174 NGC 3377, 173, 174 NGC 3384, 173 NGC 3389, 173 NGC 3596, 227 NGC 3628, 168, 171 NGC 3666, 227 NGC 4038, 214 NGC 4039, 214 NGC 4361, 206, 209 NGC 5128, 204, 206 NGC 5139, 204, 205 NGC 5195, 141, 142, 156 NGC 5426, 177 179 NGC 5427, 177 179 NGC 5660, 207, 211, 212 NGC 5673, 207, 211 NGC 5676, 207 212 NGC 5907, 178, 181 NGC 5963, 184 NGC 5965, 184 NGC 5987, 181, 183, 184 NGC 6144, 117 NGC 6207, 99, 101, 144, 145 NGC 6210, 205, 208 NGC 6231, 116, 117 NGC 6302, 216, 218 NGC 6440, 216, 219

300 NGC 6445, 216, 219 NGC 6960, 216, 218, 220 NGC 6992, 216 NGC 7009, 137, 138 NGC 7293, 129 NGC 7331, 184 186 NGC 7332, 224, 227, 228 NGC 7339, 224, 227, 228 NGC 7457, 224, 225 NGC 7625, 224, 226 NGC 7662, 122, 126 NGC 7789, 222, 224 NGC 7814, 185, 188, 189 NOAO, 19, 90, 103, 111, 113, 133, 134, 138, 142, 155, 167, 169, 171, 201, 205, 222, 289 O Observation log, 83, 116 Observing clubs (programs), 288 Observing conditions, 26, 56 58, 60, 61, 83, 94, 95, 122, 136, 149, 151, 213, 249 Orion Nebula, 32, 33, 60, 118 121, 133, 150, 214, 220, 243 Outreach, 49, 50, 61, 81, 202, 232, 234, 237, 240, 259, 260, 270, 271, 278 289, 292 P Pacman Nebula, 216, 217 Palitzsch, Johann Georg, 46 Parsec, 4 Planets, 4, 8, 22, 26, 27, 47, 51, 52, 57, 60, 63, 69, 71, 76, 93, 96, 116, 118, 121, 195, 198, 202, 240, 241, 243, 244, 257, 263, 271, 284, 287 Planisphere, 11, 24, 56, 75, 91, 93, 95, 116 Planning sessions, 93 Polar alignment, 33, 36 37, 244, 245 Position angles, 31 32 Power supply, 79 Presentations, 144, 235, 255, 258, 260, 270, 278 281, 292 Q Quasar 3C 273, 3 R Red dot finder, 15, 38, 60, 91, 98, 116, 136, 286 Ring Nebula, 118, 136, 137 Rosette Nebula, 220, 222 S Shapley, Harlow, 141 Sketching, 80, 83, 147, 257, 273 SN 2004A, 99 Software (astronomy), 8, 9, 11, 23, 29, 36, 68, 93 95, 117, 144, 148, 240, 241, 243 248, 277, 283 Spectroscopy, 18, 202, 235, 240, 250 Spitzer, 54, 122, 163, 184, 238, 247, 274 Star atlases, 8, 25, 68, 256 Star charts, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14, 17, 23, 25 29, 39 43, 59, 67 70, 74, 75, 82, 93, 94, 101, 103, 107, 113, 116, 117, 120, 123, 126, 130, 144, 146, 148, 151, 153, 157, 159, 161, 164, 166, 169, 172, 175 177, 179, 182, 183, 186, 189, 192, 194, 208 211, 215, 219, 221, 223, 224 226, 228, 257, 269, 272 Star clusters, 13, 14, 21, 25, 46, 55, 71, 76, 87, 89 139, 144, 145, 185, 194, 196, 198, 212, 214, 220 Star hopping, 74, 81 82, 145 Star parties, 65, 70, 74, 81, 86, 139, 269, 271, 280, 282 285, 287, 290, 291 Star pattern jumping, 82, 145, 151, 194 recognition, 81, 82, 86, 93, 145, 151, 166 Supernova, 26, 39, 47, 99, 149, 150, 152, 155, 156, 163, 168, 176, 203, 216, 240, 250, 261, 271, 287 Surface brightness, 95, 122, 129, 144, 147, 150, 156, 168, 184, 212 T Telrad, 38, 68, 93, 98 U Universal time, 50, 51 Index W Websites (astronomy), 83, 93, 139, 254, 258, 266, 272 274, 276