~.A 1I_'_ t... npaktika 2 Y FORUM ria TH CbYIIKH ArnrH o EKnAI~EYTIKOI <l>yiikhi ArnrHI ITII NEEI E:EAI:EII 28-29 Ma'Lou 2005 ATHOS PALACE KaMl8ta XaAKlOlKrlc; 'EKOOOll TTl~ EMTlVLKrl~ AKaOTl~(a~ <t>uolkrl~ AywYrl~ En(OllIlO~ xoprly6~: ~ J f Koorflr 'J) XPIITODOUnlDH 8eooaAOvlKTl 2005
ME8o~oAoyio L'lEiyuo: LTIlV EPWVO ou~~et ixov 66 'EMllv e; ~08flTEe; -Tpl e; nou <poltouoav OTIe; ouo TE/,WlOi e; TOS Ie; lou OIl~OTIKou O ESI ola<pop TIKO oxoa ia Tile; K \ftpik~e; 8 (JaoAoviKIle;. H OIAo V~ TOU O iv~oloe; EVIV ~ Til ~ 8ooo TWV Tuxoiwv opl8~wv ana TO ouvoao TWV ~08IlTWV TWV oxoa iwv nou nailpouoov TIe; nopokotw npouno8 0 1e;: a) IlAIKio 11 Xpovwv (±6~~v e;), ~) Xwpie; OW~aTIKEe; ~ Iov si e; ~ npo~a~~alo uv iae;, y) soip 8IlKav TO no 1010 omooanwv, KOI 0) solp 8IlKav no 1010 ~ o iktil OW~OTIK~e; ~o~oe; (L'lLM) ~26. AvoAu81lKOV TO O OOIJEVO ~ovo TWV 51 ~o8fltwv (23 avopla - 28 KopiTOIO) OIOTI OPIO~EVOI o v okoaou81l00v mota TO npwtokomo Tile; ~apllalle; 54 EMHNIKH AKMHMIA <DYLIKHL AmrHL A2. noio APAITHPIA EINAI TA naiaia TOY AHMOTlKOY IXOJ\EIOY ITO MA0HMA THI cj)yiikhi ArnrHIi AUv pivoe;, A. & B pvoookile;, N. T.E.<t>.A.A., L'l1l~oKpiT lo novmot~~io 8paKIle;, 69100 KO~OTIlV~ l1iftx; f(),e/oio: <t>uoik~ ovwv~, <puoik~ OPOOTIlPloTIlTO, OITOXUVOIO~ETPO (CSA). 01 viol ovepcunol nou ml TOU napovtoc; dvat ElloXIOTO qjumko opaarrjplol, npine/ va OUjJjJE ElooyooYrl H EM lljjll <puoik~e; OPOOTIlPloTIlTOe; (<t>l'i) nou XOPOKTllpi~ 1 TO OUVXpovo Tpono ~w~e; KOI 01 OPvIlTIKEe; Olmwo le; Tile; unoklviltik~e; ou~n pl<popoe; EivOi OTO OiK \ftpo TOU VOIO<pEPO \ftoe; OTO ~IlT~~OTO Tile; OIl~OOloe; uv ioe; 01 8vwe; (DHPHIP, 2004). L~~ PO unapxouv loxupee; vo is le; OTI Il Ko81l~ PIV~ ~naok~ O <t>l'i KOI onop KOla TIlV V OVIK~ IlAIKio EX I 8ETIKEe; mmwa le; OTllv uveio TOOO ~ (Jonp08 (J~0 000 Kal OTllv v~aikil ~w~ (Garan, Reynolds & Lindquist, 1999). QOToOO, OTIe; n plooot p e; OV OTUv~EV e; xwp e; TO VEO ato~o O V ivoi apketo OpoOT~pla Via va oloo<poaioouv OUTEe; TIe; W<pE}, I e; (Booth, 2000) VlaTi soo uouv Tav Aiva E/,ElJ8 po Xpovo TOUe; Kupiwe; O OPOOTIlPIOTIlT e; na8iltik~e; ovaljjux~e; (Auy plvoe;, Almond, LT081l & KIOU~OUPT~OVAou, 2002; DHPHIP, 2004). Mia a~ (J1l OPOl~ Oimwoll ivol Il OUSIlOIl TWV unep~apwv Kal naxuoapkwv OlO~WV, oivo\ftae; OTIl xwpo ~oe; ~IO av 018u~IlTIl npwtlo OTIlV Eupwnll TO TE/,WTaia XPovla (Rudloff & Feldmann, 1999; Krassas, Tzotzas, Tsametis & Konstantinidis, 2001). Ko8we; 01 W<p A I e; OTllv uv io ana Til OUOowPWOIl Tile; <t>l'i EXOUV naeov T K~IlPIW8 i OIOTIl~OVIKO, 01 npoo<pat e; wpwnafkee; OOllyi e; ava<poplko ~ TO Oin oo Tile; <t>l'i TWV VEWV OlO~WV IOIlVOU\fTOI OTI «... ollol 01 viol ovepcunol ea npine/ va oujjjjuixouv Kaer;jJEplVO ylo jjla djpa OE <tjl1 nou EKTuidTOI jje TOulloXlaTOv jjitpla ivtaor;. Tixouv Kaer;jJEplVO VIa jjlorj djpa OE <tjl1 nou EKTuidTOI TOulloXlarov jje jjetpla EVTaOr;». H nlkouplk~ oollvia T Aae; npot iv 1 OTI «... ToulloXlarov ovo qjopec; Tr; /3oojJooa, Konola; ana autic; TIC; opaarr;piotr;tec; npino va EKTuioVVTal jje TiTOIO Tpono djare va oujj/3ollllouv arr;v avfr;or; Kat OIOTrjpr;or; Tr;c; jjuikrjc; ovvajjr;~ Tr;c; EUKIVr;olac; Kat Tr;c; uydac; TCUV oardjv» (Cavill, Biddle & Sallis, 2001). To oxoaeio ~nopei va KaToOTEi EVa 1010iT pa onot A (J~aTlKO n pl~omov OTIl opaotilplonailloll TWV ~a8iltwv KOI OTIlV npow81l01l 8 TIKWV ou~n pl<popwv Via TIlV uv io OTOV a' auto <pop~o~o\ftal KOToMIlA e; noaitikee; (Johnson & Deshpande, 2000) KOI ~nop i va ~OIl8~0 1 OnOTE/, (J~aTlKO loue; ~a8fltee; va OITUXOUV TIe; naponovw 0 Ollvi e; <t>l'i Via uv io. LIl~a\fTIKo poao npoe; OUT~ TIlV KOT u8uvoil ~nop i va OIOOPO~OTiO 1 TO ~a81l~0 Tile; <puolk~e; ovwv~e; (<t>a). 01 npoo<pat e; OOIlVi e; OTO Healthy People 2010 npot ivouv Tllv Ka81l~ piv~ unoxp wtik~ OU~~ETOX~ TWV ~a8fltwv OTO ~08rj~a Tile; <t>a OTO anoia 80 npen 1 va ~naeko\ftoi O 0POOTIlPloTIlT e; ~ETpIOe; KOI UljJIlA~e; E\fTOOIle; Via TouAOXIOTOV TO 50% TOU Xpovou nou olopk i Il OIOaKTIK~ wpo (USDHHS, 2000). QOTooO, aplo~ev e; ~E/,E T e; oeixvouv on TO ~081l~a Tile; <t>a ouv~8we; anotuvxov 1 va opaotilplonol~o 1 OapKwe; TOUe; ~08IlTEe; (Simons-Morton, Taylor, Snider et ai, 1994; Fairchough & Stratton, 2002; Booth, Macaskill, McLellan et al. 1997). LKonOe; aut~e; Tile; Epwvae; ~Tav Il osloaoviloil Tile; <t>l'i ~a8iltwv Tile; npwto~o8~1oe; KnoioWOIle; OTO ~061l~a Tile; <puoik~e; OVwv~e; OTO TUnlKO oxoa io.
FORUM: 0 EKnAIlIEYTIKOL.: cdyl.:ikhl.: ArQrHL.: ITIL.: NEEL.: E::EJ\EEIL.: 55 'ORYOVO MURnone Tne; <1:>L'I: H o~loaoyr)afl TWV ~08r)TWV EYIV ~ TO OITOXUVOIO~ETPO CSA (Computer Science and Applications Inc. 7164, Shalimar), To auykekpl~evo EPYOAEio OIAE X8r)KE OIOTI EivOI EVO o~lonlmo opyovo YIO Tr)V ~upr)ar) Tr)C; <1:>L'I TWV VEWV OTO~WV (Janz, Witt & Mahoney, 1995; Ekelund et al. 2001) xwpic; vo n plopi~ei Tr) OPOmflPIOTr)Ta TOUC; TO 00 OE K08r)~EPIVEC; Klv~aEIC; 000 KOI mo anop. nopomflao, EXEI Tr) OUVOTOTr)TO VO KOTOYPO <pel Tr)V KIVr)TIK~ opomr)piotr)to TOU unokei!-jevou ae XPOVIKO Olom~~OTO nou pu8!-ji~ovtoi 0 no TOV PWVr)T~ OiVOVTOC; OKPI~EiC; nar)po<popiec; yla HI auxvotr)to, Tfl OlopK la KOI EVToar) TflC; Opamr)pIOTr)TOC;. AtloAOynan TOU L'lLM: flo Tr)V EUPWr) lou L'lLM XPr)0I~onolri8r)KE ~uyopla OKPI~EioC; (Seca Beam Balance 710) nou EAEVX8r)K ylo Tr)V o~lonjmio Tr)C; KOI TO UlIJOC; 0~IOAoy~8r)KE ~ TO EPYOA io Seca Stadiometer 208). 01 OOKI~O~O~EVOI KOTO Tr)V ~ETpr)ar) <popouoov EAOXlmo pouxo KOI ~TOV ovunoor)lol. L'llooIKoaio: LTr)V EpWVO XPr)0I~onol~8r)KOV 7 auak UEC; CSA 01 onoiec; npor)you~evwc; EAEY X8r)KOV ylo Tr)V o~lonlmio TOUC;, To OITOXUVOIO~ETPO Ton08ET~8r)KOV O EIOIK~ 8~Kr) KOI npoaop~omr)kov ~E ~wvr) oa<poa ioc; mo o ~i ~EPOC; TrjC; ~Ear)C; TWV ~a8r)twv nplv Tr)V EVOP ~r) TWV ~08r)~OTWV. KOTOYPO<Pr)KE r) KIVr)TIK~ opomr)plotr)to K08E unokei~evou ae OUO 010 <popetiko ~08~~OTO <1:>A, 01 auakwec; Eixov pu8~lm~ va KOTOYPO<pouv Tr) <1:>L'I A OTO npoc; AE mo, LUVOAIKO KomYPo<pflK r) <1:>L'I TOU O iy~oloc; ae OWO KO auvoaiko OJO<pOP TIKO ~o8ri~om nou OXEoiooov KOI uaonoir)oov E~I K08r)Yr)TEC; <1:>A. 01 ~ETp~aEIC; EYIVOV TOUC; ~~VEC; MOPTIO, A npialo KOI MaiO. LTIC; ~EPEC; TWV ~ETP~OEWV KOTOYPO<POTOV 01 KOlPIKEC; OUV8~KEC; 01 onoiec; E np O va EivOi OVOAOY C; Tr)C; OOX~C;. L'lEV KOTOYPO<Pr)KOV ~08ri~OTO KOTa TIC; r)~ep C; nou 0 KOIPOC; ~TOV ~POXEPOC; ~ KPUOC; ylo Tr)V OOX~. 'GAO TO ~08~~OTO nou 0~IOAOy~8flKOV EYIVOV mr)v oum TWV OXOAEiwv KOI OXEOlomllKOV mil ~oall TOU OVOAUTIKOU npoypo~!-jotoc; <1:>A TOU YnmG. LTO TEAOC; Tr)C; ~upr)ar)c; TO OEOO~EVO K08E auakw~c; on08r)k UOVTOC; a H/Y ylo KO 8E unokei~evo ~ExwplmO. K080Rlauoe <1:>L'I: 01 TI~EC; TOU CSA <1952 counts.min- l, 1953-5724 counts.min- l, KOI >5725 counts.min- l, XPflOl~onol~8flKOV YIO va opiaouv ovtimolxo Tflv E},O<pPO «2,99 METs), Tr)V jjirp/o (3.0-5.99 METs) KOI Tr)V ivrovij (>6.0 METs) <1:>L'I au~<pwvo ~E TIC; OOflyiEC; TOU KOTO akwom~ TOU OPYovou. L'lloXEiRlan TWV OEOOUEVWV - METOBAOT C To npwtoyev~ O OO~EVO TOU CSA KOTOXWp~8r)KOV KOI 0~000nol~8IlKOV ae ~ETO~Ar)TEC; ~E Til xp~all TOU npoypo~~otoc; Excel ylo Windows. 01 IJETO~AIlTEC; OVOAU81lKOV ~ TO motlmlko npoypo~ijo SPSS/PC. nepiyp0<pikri motlmlk~ XPIl 0I~onOI~8r)KE ylo OAEC; TIC; ~ETO~AflTEC;, flo Til auykplar) TIlC; <1:>L'I TWV OUO <puawv XPr)OI~onOI~ 81lKE TO Student's t-test YIO OVE~OPTr)TO oeiy~oto. H O~OIOYEVEIO Tr)C; OloKu~ovar)C; mo o~o oonolfl~evo OEOO~EVO EAEVX81lKE ~ TO Levene's test. H motlmlk~ ar)~ovtikotilto opimr)ke ae mineoo p<,05. H EPWVO 01E~riX81l ~E Tr)V OOEIO TOU noiooywyikou IvmlTouToU KOI Tfl au~<pwvr) YVW~1l TWV 0lW8UVTWV TWV OXOAEiWV, TWV Ko8IlYr)TWV <1:>A KOI TWV yovewv TWV nololwv. AnOTEAEa~CTC LTOV nivoko 1 nopouoio~ovtoi n plypa<piko O oo~eva TOU OEiy~OTOC; nivckcc; 1: MEaol OPOI (MO) KOI TunIKEC; onokj\iaeic; (TA) TWV aw~oto~etp~oewv Ayoplo (n=23) BapoC; 'Y1IJ0C; L'lLM MO (Kg) TA MO (Kg) TA MO (Kg) TA 49.83 11.62 150.48 7.39 21.96 4.68 KopiTOIO (n=28) 47.69 7.80 152.59 6.46 20.38 2.6 LUVOAO (n=51) 48.73 9.79 151.56 6.93 21.15 3.8
56 EMHNIKH AKMHrv1IA <PYLIKHL: AmrHL: LTOV nivoko 2 nopoucjl(j~ovtoi m:plypocplko OTolXEio Trle; cpli TOU eeiy~otoe; OTO ~o8rwo Trle; cpa. nivakac; 2: neplypocpiko OEOO~EVO Trle; cpli OTO ~o8rwo Tile; cpa ~E ~ooll Tllv KOTOYPOCP~ TOU (SA (counts.ljo8nwo-1) KOTO (DUAO. Avoplo (n=23) KopiTOIO n=28) l:uvoao (n=51) MO TA MO TA MO TA cpli OTO ~o81l~0 Trle; cpu- OIK~e; Avwv~e; (MO counts EVOe; Tunl KOU ~Oe~iJOTOC;) 107852 38672.9 72956.2 43008.4 88693.8 44322.2 To t-test YIO ove~optilto oeiy~oto EOEI~E cm TO OYOplO EivOI OTOTIOTIKO OIl~OVTIKO nlo opo OT~PIO ana TO KopiTOIO OTO ~o81l~0 Tile; <!la (t(49)=3.016, Q<.05). LTOV nivoko 3 nopouoio~e TOI 0 xpovoe; E~nAoK~e; TWV ouo CPUAWV OTO ~o81l~0 Tile; cpa OE cpuoikee; epootilpiotiltee; EIIO CPPIOC;, ~UpIOe; KOI ulj../ilme; VTOall e;. To OYOplO OU~~ETEXOUV OTOTIOTIKO OIl~OVTIKO neplooo TEpO Xpovo OE cpli ~ETpIOe; KOI Ulj../IlA~e; EVTOOIle; OE 0',< 011 ~E TO KopiTOIO. nivokot; 3: MEeJOC; XpovoC; ejujjjjetoxrjc; (eje Amra) MO jja(}f/jjo rf/c; <PA eje <PLl OlOrpOPETlKrjc; EvrOeJf/C; l:uvoao (n=51) Ayoplo (n=23) Kopiwlo (n=28) MO TA MO TA MO TA V' EAOCPPO cpli 29.24 9.35 26.43 10.56 31.54 7.67 -c o > ::1.3 Muplo cpli 12.02 9 16.09 10.17 8.68 6.29 c> ~~ 'EVTOVIl cpli 2.20 3.46 1.82 2.85 2.5 3.9 La IU~rlTrlO'1 l:konoe; OUT~e; Tile: EpEUVOe; ~TOV 11 o~lomyiloil Tile; cpli ~08IlTWV npwto~o8~loe; EKnoi OEUOIle; OTO ~o81l~0 Tile; <!la. H OVOAuoll TWV OEOO~ vwv eei~e OTI 0 neploootepoe; xpovoe; TOU ~08~~OTOe; KOTOVOAWVETOI OE OPoOTIlPIOTIlTEe; EAOcppIOe; VTOOIle;, EUPIl~O nou on XE1 KO TO nom ana TIe; npotooeie; TOU USDHHS (2000). AUTO TO OTOIXEio EivOI OE ou~cpwvio ~E TO EUP~~OTO npoocpotile; EpEUVOe; 11 onoio EOEI~E TIlV oouvo~io TWV K081lYIlTWV cpa OTIl xwpo ~oe; VO OIOXEIPIOTOUV onoteaeo~otiko TO XPOVO TOU ~08~~OTOe; (AAElcpEPIl, 2005). 0 ~EYOAOe; xpovoe; E~nAoK~e; TWV ~oelltwv OE 0POOTIlPIOTIlTEe; xo~ilme; EVTOOIle; OEiXVEI ooikolomyiltil onotoail TOU Xpovou TOU ~08~~OTOe; 11 onoio ~nopei vo ocpeiaetoi OT;e; Aov8oo~EVEe; EnIAOYEe; TOU K08IlYIlT~ cpa KOI ocpopo Kupiwe; TOV ~Il OnOTEllEOIJOTIKO OXEOIOO~O, Tllv EMln~ opyovwall, TOV ~EYOAO Xpovo yla oollyiee; KOt ovotpocpol5otlloll KOI Tllv EAIIEIlj../1l POUTIVWV EKTEAEOIle;. o EIIOXIOTOe; xpovoe; E~nAoK~e; TWV ~08IlTWV OE 0POOTIlPIOTIlTEe; ~UpIOe; KOI ulj../ilme; EVToolle; KOTOOEIKVUEI Tllv oouvo~io TOU ~Oe~iJOTOe; OTIl xwpo ~oe; VO ou~~om 1 OTllv EKnA~pwoll TWV OOIlYIWV <!>Li yla uyeio KOt vo EnICPEPEI onoleoo~note npooop~oyee; OTllv CPUOIK~ TOUe; KO TOOTooll (Cavill, Biddle & Sallis, 2001). To nooooto OUTO EivOI loioitepo XOiJllf,O OE OXEOIl ~E TO 1l0piO~OTO 6Mwv pwvwv (McKenzie, Strikmiller et ai, 2000; Fairclough & Stratton, 2002). To EUPIlPO OTI TO KopiwlO I5pOOTIlPlonOlouVTol OTOTIOTIKO oll~avtiko AIYOTEPO ana TO OYOPIO OTO naoioio TOU ~08~iJOTOe; OEixvEI OTI npenej vo e08ei ana TOV OIOOOKOVTO ~opu TIlTO OTIe; npotlij~oeie; KOI TO 10IOiTEPO XOPOKTIlPIOTIKO TOU cpuaou. To KpeJTOe; npenei OUVTO ~o va ECPOP~OOEI EIOIKO npoypoijijoto EKnoioEUOIle; YIO TOUe; K08IlYIlTEe; cpa WOTE vo yivouv IlIO onoteaeo~otikoi aro OXEOIOO~O KOt Tllv uaonoiflotl Tile; MioOKOAioe; onwe; EXEI ~Oll yivei KOI OE GAIIEe; XWpEe; (Beurden, Barnett, Zask et al. 2003). BlllAlovpaq>ia AUYEpIVOe; A., Almond L., LT081l A. & KIOUiJOUPT~OYAOU E. (2002). <PumKrj LlPOMf/P/OTf/TO Ka/ no/orf/to ZUJrjc;, (http://www.pe.auth.gr). A S
FORUM: 0 EKnAIlIEYTIKOL <1JYLIKHl: AmrHl: ITIl: NEEl: E::EI\EEIl: 57 Booth, M. L. (2000). What proportion of Australian children are sufficiently physically active? Medicine Journal ofaustalia, 173, 56-57. Cavill, N., Biddle,S. & Sallis, J.F. (2001). Health enhancing physical activity for young people: statement of the United Kingdom expert consensus conference. Pediatric Exercise Science, 13, 12-25. Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Education (2000). Promoting better health for young people through physical activity and sports. A report to the president from the secretary of education. Fall 2000. Silver Spring: Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Education, Centers for Disease Control. Department of Health, Physical Activity, Health Improvement and Prevention (2004). At least five a week. Evidence on the impact of physical activity and its relationship to health. A report from the Chief Medical Officer, U.K. Goran, M.L, Reynolds, K.D. & Lindquist, C.H. (1999). Role of physical activity in the prevention of obesity in children. International Journal ofobesity, 23, 518-533. Johnson, J., & Deshpande, C. (2000). Health education and physical education: Disciplines preparing students as productive, healthy citizens of the challenge of the 21 5t century. Journal ofschool Health, 70, 2, 66-68. Krassas G, E., Tzotzas, T., Tsametis, c., & Konstantinidis, T. (2001). Determinants of body mass index in Greek children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism, 14,5 (5uPPI.), 1327-1333 Pangrazi, R.P. (2000). Promoting physical activity for youth. Journal of Science in Medicine & Sport, 3, 280-86. Rudloff, L. M. & Feldmann, E. (1999). Childhood obesity: addressing the issue. Journal of American Osteopath Association, 99,51-56. A3. A:IOAOrHI.H TOY EKnAIAEYTIKOY cdyiikhi ArnrHI BOOIAEIOOOU, 0., L'.EPPfl, B., EJ-lJ-loVOUflAioou, K., KIOUJ-lOUPT~OVAOU, T.E.<D.A.A. li.fll..lokpiteio novc:niot~1..i10 GpOKfle; E. Iii~Elr; IOtElOla: 0~IO},6vrWrJ OIOOOKO},;'Or;, OUDTrJj.JOTlKrj nopotrjprjorj, onote},edj.jotlkrj 0100 okano. EIGoywyi) o 5iedentop (1991) unoot~plc,e OTI onotelieoi..iotik~ EivOI fl oloookoaio KOTO Tflv onoio 01 1..I08flTEe; l..io8oivouv EKTEVWe; KOI AEnTOI..IEpWe;, ovomuooouv 8ET1K e; OnOljJEIe; Via auto nou!jo8ov KOI fl OUTOEKTil..lflO~ TOUe; OUC,OVETOI OE OAfl Tfl OIOPKEIO Tfle; OIOOOKOAioe;. 01 Arrighi KOI Young (1986) OUl..lnEpOVOv (m 01 K<D.A 8EWpOUV onoteaeoi..iotik~ Tfl oloookoaio nou nepl AO!J~OVEI olisoktikee; OTPOTflVIKEe;, oloxeiplofl Kat OPVOVWOfl Tfle; Toc,fle;, YVWOEIe; VIO TO nepie XOlJEVO KOI TIlV ovomuc,~ TOU KOI npoownlko XOPOKTrjPIOTIKO. l.ui..icpwvo I..IE TOV Castetter (1971) fl oc,ioaovrjofl TOU OIOOOKOVTO EivOI onopoitlltfl Via 111 ~EATiworj Tfle; OIOOOKOAioe;, Via va npoooioplo8ei TO OUV0I..IIKO TOU, va EVTonlOTOUV TO 1 oxupa KOI OOUVOf-lO ofll..leia TOU, va npoax8ei rj OUTOOUV0f-lrj nv UI..IOTIK~ TOU ovomuc,fl, va 0.OTEB~_o ~-::. ::WOTrjTEe; aallo KOI va npoooloplo80uv auc,~oeie; OTIe; I..IflVIOiE~ onoooxee;. TOU OIOOOKOVTO fl Nichols (1994) npoteivei OUTOOC,IOAOVrjOfl I..IE P"'~ii>~.~'-'-,I,-=--,:O~f.JOTO<;, ~ Ko81lI..lEPIV~ vpom~ O~IOAOVrjOfl, 01 Graham, Holt/Hale lje ovoaovo EPWTTl~OTOAOVIO ~ ac,lomvflofl ana TOUe; ljo (1989) 8EWPOUV w~ TrjV nlo VKUPIl, OVTIKEII..IEVIK~ KOI jjkovto TIl OUlJTTl\..lonK~ nopot~pflofl H 00 :ovro oq>opouv OTrjV O~IO 1998;