Georgian Art Palace. saqartvelos xelovnebis sasaxle. saqartvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministro

saqartvelos xelovnebis sasaxle Georgian Art Palace saqartvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministro MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND MONUMENT PROTECTION OF GEORGIA 1

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germaneli mxatvrebi da kavkasia German Painters and the Caucasus giorgi kalandias saerto redaqciit General Editorship - George Kalandia 3

katalogi daibewda saqartvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros finansuri mxardawerit The Catalogue was published with the financial support of The Ministry Of Culture and Monument Protection of Georgia redaqtori: giorgi kalandia redkolegiis wevrebi: lili beraia arcil gelovani irina saganelize usangi ruxaze lelo WiWinaZe malxaz ebralize behruz huseinzade Editor: George Kalandia The Members of the editorial board: Lili Beraia Archil Gelovani Irine Saganelidze Ushangi Rukhadze Lelo Chichinadze Malkhaz Ebralidze Behruz Huseinzade dizaini: irakli zambaxize Design: Irakli Zambakhidze 4

winasityvaoba "germaneli mxatvrebi da kavkasia" _ albomi, romelic xelovnebis moyvarulta winase pirvelad wardga, uarresad mnisvnelovansa da saintereso informacias moicavs. massi Tavmoyrilia saqartvelos xelovnebis sasaxlesa da zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebsi, saqartvelos erovnul muzeumsi daculi, aseve kerzo pirebis: arcil gelovanis, malxaz ebralizis, dimitri cucqirizis, Tamar gagosizis da behruz huseinzades kutvnili naxatebisa da fotoreproduqciebis koleqciebi. katalogsi warmodgenilia germaneli mxatvrebis: paul fon frankenis (1818-1884), helen kioberis (1825-?), fridrix fri- Sis (1813-1886), franc kriugeris (1797-1857), adolf ladiurneris (1798-1856), georg vilhem timmis (1820-1895), eduard haus (1807-1887), adalbert vaagenis (1834-1898), iosef Tomas (1828-1899), iohanes ludvig hainrix miolleris (1814-1885) namusevrebi. sayuradreboa is garemoeba, rom ert katalogsi pirvelad moxda am namusevarta Tavmoyra da naxatebis umetesobac pirvelad ibewdeba. amdenad, vfiqrobt, warmodgenili nasromi saintereso iqneba rogorc farto mkitxvelis, aseve dargis specialistebistvis. katalogsi didi adgili etmoba zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleta koleqcias. zugdidsi dacul germanul ferwerul da grafikul namusevrebs saintereso istoria aqvs... 1857 wels, peterburgsi, mefe aleqsandre II-is koronaciaze miwveul dadianebis ojaxs imperatori piradad Sexvda da samegrelos taxtis memkvidres, ufliswul nikos sacuqrad oqro-vercxlit movarayebuli didi albomi gadasca. albomi gansakutrebuli iyo, radganac etmoboda cnobili mxatvrebis mier Sesrulebul kavkasiur saxeebs, peizajebs, mat Soris fridrix frisis namusevrebis koleqcias. monumenturi tiloebisa da bataluri scenebis ostati fridrix frisi jer darmstadtis, Semdeg rusetis saimperatoro karis mxatvari iyo. aleqsandre II-is amalas kavkasiasi mogzaurobis dros Tan axlda da yvela RirSesaniSnavi movlena qaraldze gadahqonda. es iyo eskizebi, romeltagan mogvianebit mxatvarma xuti didi tilo Seqmna. frisma TiTqmis dawvrilebit arwera imperatoris mteli marsruti, misi xelovnebis mesveobit SemogvrCa kavkasiis bevri qalaqisa Tu soflis peizajebi da, rac mtavaria, mxatvris koleqciis umetesma nawilma, dadianebis sasaxlesi moiyara Tavi. dadianebis sasaxlesi daculia germaneli mxatvris franc kriugeris Svidi kazakis portreti. es kazakebi, savaraudod, samegrelosi msaxurobdnen da mogvianebit Samilis naibis regularuli nawilebis winaarmdeg zugdidis misadgomebtan ibrzodnen. yvela portreti 1851 wels aris Sesrulebuli. TiToeuli figura Ria nacrisfer qaraldze, 5

welamde bunebrivadaa gamosaxuli, umetesoba sam meotxedsi. mxatvari yuradrebas utmobs iset detalebs, romelic portretze gamosaxuli kazakis etnikur warmomavlobaze migvanisnebs (tipaji, Cacmuloba, iarari). mat Tavze axuravt dabali boxoxi, acviat masrebiani Coxa, SigniT besmeti marali sayeloti. es aris konkretul jariskacta dokumenturi sizustit asaxuli portretebi, romelic savaraudod naturidan sruldeboda. garda garegnuli maxasiateblebisa, mxatvari cdilobs gamosaxuli personajis Sinagan samyaros Caswvdes. franc kriugeris namusevrebi berlinis nacionalur galereasia daculi. samwuxarod, franc kriugerisa da fridrix frisis saqartvelo- Si morvaweobis Sesaxebac sxva informacias ver mivakvliet. sagulisxmoa, rom ucxoel xelovanta namusevrebi mxatvrul RirebulebasTan ertad, Zalze mnisvnelovan istoriul dokumentebs warmoadgenen, ramdenadac XIX saukunis saqartvelos da aq ganvitarebul mraval mnisvnelovan istoriul movlenasa Tu pirovnebas asaxaven. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqartvelos xelovnebis sasaxlesi germaneli mxatvrebis araerti namusevaria daculi, XIX saukune mxolod iosef Tomas saxitaaa warmodgenili. naxats saxelwodebit "saxli alpebis mtebsi" saintereso istoria aqvs. igi saqartvelos sabwota socialisturi respublikis centraluri komitetis pirvelma mdivanma vasil mjavanazem moskovsi sakutari koleqciistvis SeiZina da didi xnis ganmavlobasi mis kabinets amsvenebda. 2014 wels naxati xelovnebis sasaxlis kutvnileba gaxda. xelovnebis es nimusi umzimes mdgomareobasi iyo da daaxloebit erti weliwadi daswirda mis restavracias (restavratori: mariam imedasvili). amjamad tilo sasaxlis svetebian darbazsia gamofenili. yovelive zemotqmuli kargad miutitebs katalogis "germaneli mxatvrebi da kavkasia" mnisvnelobaze. igi saintereso megzuri iqneba xelovnebis moyvarultatvis da qartul-germanuli urtiertobebis ertgvar ilustraciadac gamodgeba. dasasrul, sasiamovno movaleobad mimacnia, madloba gadavuxado am katalogisa da gamofenis momzadebasi gaweuli daxmarebisatvis kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros da piradad ministrs. aseve ideis avtorebs: xelovnebis sasaxlis mzrunvelta sabwos Tavmjdomares baton arcil gelovans da Cvens azerbaijanel kolegas baton behruz huseinzades. aseve gulwrfeli madliereba TanadgomisTvis: kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros TanamSromels qalbaton irina saganelizes, zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebis direqtors qalbaton lili beraias, amave muzeumis saxviti xelovnebis fondis mcvels feride afaqizes, saqartvelos erovnuli muzeumis direqtors baton davit lortqifanizes da amave muzeumis direqtoris moadgiles baton mixeil weretels, xelovnebis sasaxlis TanamSromlebs: qalbaton lelo WiWinaZesa da baton usangi ruxazes, batonebs dimitri cucqirizesa da malxaz ebralizes. giorgi kalandia xelovnebis sasaxlis direqtori, profesori 6

INTRODUCTION The Album German Artists and the Caucasus, which was published for the first time, contains highly meaningful and interesting information. It brings together collections of drawings and photographic reproductions from the museums: Art Palace, Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi, the National Museum of Georgia and also from the private collections of Archil Gelovani, Malkhaz Ebralidze, Dimitri Tsutskiridze, Tamar Gagoshidze and Behruz Huseinzade. The catalogue includes works of German painters: Paul Von Franken (1818-1884), Ellen Köber (1825-?), Frederic Frisch (1813-1886), Franz Krüger (1797-1857), Adolf Ladürner (1798-1856), George Wilhelm Timm (1820-1895), Edward House (1807-1887), Adalbert Waagen (1834-1898), Joseph Thomas (1828-1899), and Johannes Ludwig Heinrich Moeller (1814-1885). It should be noted that the works were collected in one catalogue for the first time. Thus, we consider that the work will be interesting for readers as well as for broad circle of specialists. The catalogue focuses on the collection of Dadianis Palaces of Zugdidi. Paintings by German painters kept in this museum have an interesting histories. In 1857, in St. Petersburg, the Emperor personally met family of Dadiani and the Prince of Samegrelo. They were invited to the coronation ceremony of Alexander II. Prince Niko received a gift, great album overlaid with gold and silver. The gift was special, as it contained Caucasian faces and landscapes created by famous painters. The collection also contained paintings by Frederic Frisch. Frederic Frisch was a painter who created monumental canvases and battle scenes first in Darmstadt; and then in Russia, as an imperial court painter. The painter accompanied Alexander II and his escort during the journey around the Caucasus, and he reflected all the remarkable events on the paper. These were sketches, based on which the painter later created five great canvases. In his drawings Frisch gave detailed description almost the whole route of the Emperor. His art preserved the landscapes of many cities and villages and, most importantly, nowadays big part of the collection is kept in the Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. The Portraits of Seven Cossacks created by German painter Franz Kruger are preserved in the Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. The Cossacks presumably served in Samegrelo and then fought against Shamil Naib s military units at the outskirts of Zugdidi. All the portraits were painted in 1851. The figures depicted on light gray papers give an impression of neutrality. Most of them are made in three-quarter. The painter pays attention to the details pointing to the ethnic origin (clothing, portrait, weapon). They wear low bobokhis (national hat) on the top of their heads and are dressed in chokhas (national clothing) and beshmets (shirt) with high collar. These are portraits of particular soldiers, conveyed with peculiar accuracy, and are probably made from 7

origin models. Besides the features of their appearances, the painter tries to understand the inner world of personages. Franz Kruger s works are preserved in The National Gallery of Berlin. Unfortunately, we were not able to get any other information about Frederic Frisch or Franz Kruger. It is considerable, that foreign painters works with their artistic value represent the most important historical documents, as far as they reflect XIX century Georgia, and its important historical events and persons. Though German painters works are preserved in the Art Palace of Georgia, the only painter of XIX century is Joseph Tomas. The picture titled the House in the Alps has an interesting history. The First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic Vasil Mzhavanadze bought this work for his private collection and it embellished his office for a long time. In 2014, the picture became the property of the Art Palace. Art piece was in poor condition and its restoration continued almost a year. (Restorer: Mariam Imedashvili). Nowadays, the canvas is exhibited in the Hall of Columns of the Palace. All the information mentioned above indicates the importance of the catalogue German Painters and the Caucasus. The book will be interesting for art lovers and it can serve as an illustration of Georgian-German relations. At the end, I would like to extend my gratitude for preparation of this catalogue and exhibition to the Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection of Georgia and personally to the Minister, as well as the authors of the idea: the Chairman of Council of Trustees of Art Palace Mr. Archil Gelovani, and our colleague from Azerbaijan Mr. Behruz Huseinzade, also thanks for support to the employee of the Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection of Georgia Mrs. Irine Saganelidze, the director of Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi Mrs. Lili Beraia, the guard of fine Arts depository Mrs. Pheride Apakidze, Georgian Art Palace empoloyees: Mrs. Lelo Chichinadze, Mr. Ushangi Rukhadze, and also Mr. Dimitri Tsutskiridze and Mr. Malkhaz Ebralidze. George Kalandia Director of the Georgian Art Palace Professor 8

paul da helen fon frankenebis Semoqmedeba qartul-germanul urtiertobebs didi xnis istoria aqvs. germanel- Ta morvaweoba saqartvelosi gansakutrebit mnisvnelovani xdeba XIX saukunesi, roca aqtiurad iyvnen CarTuli Tbilisis kulturul cxovrebasi. aman ki xeli Seuwyo evropuli Rirebulebebis Semotanasa da damkvidrebas sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis sxvadasxva sferosi. germanel xelovanta Soris iyvnen rogorc kolonistta STamomavlebi, aseve kavkasiasi mowveuli an sakutari survilit Camosuli mxatvrebi da bunebrivia, mat SemoqmedebaSi TvalsaCinod aisaxa kavkasiis Tematika, peizajebi da etnografiuli Taviseburebebi. sainteresodaa warmodgenili saqartvelo, rogorc amierkavkasiis centri, Tbilisis Temaze Sesrulebuli seriebi da sxv. axali qartuli mxatvrobis CamoyalibebaSi (XIX s.) rusetis gzit damkvidrebuli evropuli gamocdileba realisturi stilit Semovida. ucxoelma mxatvrebma mnisvnelovani roli Seasrules saqartvelosi dazguri ferweris ganvitarebasa da evropuli gamocdilebis gaziarebis saqmesi, kavkasia da saqartvelo mattvis saintereso armo- Cenad iqca. albomis gamocemis mizans warmoadgens mxolod ramdenime mxatvris, mat Soris, paul da helen fon frankenebis, franc kriugerisa da fridrih frisis namusevarta warmocena. samwuxarod, frisisa da kriugeris saqartvelosi morvaweobis Sesaxebac sakmaod mwiri informacia mogvepoveba. paul fon frankeni 1818 wels godesbergsi daibada. swavlobda diuseldorfis samxatvro akademiasi. 1846 wlidan cxovrobda drezdensi da pedagogiur morvaweobas eweoda. germaniasi cxovrebis periodsi mxatvari ZiriTadad Janruli ferwerit iyo gatacebuli. 1850 wels Tavis mowafe helen kioberze (1825-?) iqorwina. heleni qalaq mitavasi (Tanamedrove q. elgava, latvia) daibada, ganatleba jer mxatvar i. diuringtan da i. eginktan miiro, 1847 wels drezdensi Cavida, sadac swavla gaagrzela portretis ostat i. riotingtan, xolo Semdeg - paul fon frankentan. 1853 wels frankenebis gamofena rigasi moewyo, imave wels, ruse- Tis imperiis saxelmwifo mrcevlis v. sologubis dakvetit, kavkasia- Si warmoebuli brzolebis arsabewdad, peterburgis gavlit, kavkasiasi Camovidnen. ramdenime ferweruli tilo Tbilisisa da saqartvelos sxvadasaxva kutxis gamosaxulebit helen frankenma meurlestan ertad Seasrula. 1861 wels paul frankeni germaniasi dabrunda. saqartvelosi gatarebuli wlebi frankenta SemoqmedebisTvis mnisvnelovani armocnda. wyvili xsirad mogzaurobda kavkasiis sxvadasxva mxaresi, ramac metad gaurvivat interesi kavkasielta yofisa 9

da adat-wesebisadmi. mat gansakutrebit izidavdat civilizaciisgan xelseuxebeli adgilebi, ucxo landsaftebi, etnografiuli motivebi. saxelovnebatmcodneo literaturasi paul fon frankeni moixsenieba "kavkasiis mxatvrad". TbilisSi darcenili helen frankeni qalta gimnaziasi aswavlida xatvas. paralelurad, kerzo SekveTebs asrulebda. ZiriTadad grafikuli portretis JanrSi musaobda da qartvel didgvarovanta portretebs qmnida. 1884 wels heleni avadmyofi meurlis TxovniT, diuseldorfsi gaemgzavra. 1886 wels, gardacvalebis win, mxatvarma mteli Tavisi mxatvruli memkvidreoba meurles uander- Za. helen frankenma TbilisSi Camoitana mxatvris mier kavkasiis Temaze Seqmnili namusevrebi. helen da paul fon frankenis memkvidreoba daculia saqartvelos, rusetisa da evropis muzeumebsa da kerzo koleqciebsi.paul fon frankenis peizajuri tiloebi bunebis sirrmiseul arqmazea damyarebuli. rogorc romantikosi, mxatvari mudmivad iswrafvis, gadmosces arsebuli sinamdvile, lajvardovani feradovnebit asaxuli sivrculi ganzomileba, mcenareta samyaro, bunebis idilia. mocemuli TematikiT mxatvari arwevs Seqmnas esa Tu is ganwyobileba. mayureblis mzera landsafturi an zeciuri sivrcis sirrmesi koncentrirdeba, xsir SemTxvevaSi sasurate sibrtye gadatvirtulia, mxatvars itacebs egzotikuri garemo, armosavluri bazari, etnografiuli Cacmuloba Tu sayofacxovrebo nivtebi, romeltac realisturi manerit wers. mkafiod gaazrebul kompoziciebsi adamianis figurebi xsir SemTxvevaSi meorexarisxovania da mcire masstabitaa gamosaxuli. metad mnisvnelovania bunebis sidiade, warmodgenili maralmxatvrulad, rac emsaxureba STabeWdilebis, ganwyobis gadmocemas, xsirad idumalsac. namusevrebsi gansakutrebuli yuradreba eqceva sinatlis efeqts, mzis ganatebas, tonebis gradacias. sayuradreboa Janruli xasiatis naxatebic Zveli Tbilisis Temaze. paul frankeni romantikuli ferweris tradiciebis manerit ostaturad asrulebs yvela detals, iqneba es arqiteqturuli nageboba Tu armosavluri Cacmuloba. stilisturi TaviseburebebiT igi gviani romantikuli mxatvrobis warmomadgenelia. helen frankenic romantikuli mimdevrobis mxatvari iyo. ZiriTadad portretul da peizajur JanrSi musaobda, akvarelisa da pastelis sarebavebit. unda arinisnos, rom frankenebs ertoblivadac aqvt Seqmnili ramdenime namusevari. helenis mier Sesrulebuli portretebistvis damaxasiatebelia faqizi, gamwvirvale xazebi, gulmodgined Sesrulebuli detalebi iqneba es, kabis atlasis faqtura Tu maqmani. mxatvari ara mxolod portretul msgavsebaze amaxvilebs yuradrebas, aramed cdilobs xasiatic gadmosces. gamosaxuli personajebis mzera ZiriTadad mayurebelzea orientirebuli da msvidia. naklebi yuradreba etmoba fons, romelic an neitraluria, an zogadi minisnebitaa gadmocemuli. feradovani gama umetesad Ria tonalobebitaa Sesrulebuli, ZiriTadad gamosaxulni arian misi Tanamedrove qartveli TavadiSvilebi. fanqrita da akvarelit Sesrulebuli peiza- Jebi (Canaxatebi) mkrtalia, feradovani gama TavSekavebulia. helen frenkenis namusevrebi marali ostatobit gamoirceva. lelo WiWinaZe xelovnebatmcodne 10

Paul and Helen Von Frankens Art Georgian-German relationships have a long history. Germans art in Georgia gainted exceptional importance in XIX century. They were actively involved in the cultural life of Tbilisi and contributed to the introduction of European values in different fields of public life. Among German painters there were: descendants of German colonists, invited painters and painters visiting the Caucasus their own. Landscapes and ethnographic features of the Caucasus, Georgia as a centre of the Caucasus and Tbilisi views were intensely reflected in their works. During the process of formation a new Georgian Art (XIX), European experience entered to Georgia through Russia with realistic style. Foreign painters contributed in developing of easel painting and sharing of European experiences. For them, the Caucasus and Georgia were interesting discoveries. The purpose of the publication is to represent works of several painters, such as: Paul and Ellen Von Frankens, Franz Kruger and Frederic Frisch, (unfortunately, there is very poor information of Frisch s and Kruger s work in Georgia). Paul Von Franken was born in 1818, in Godesberg. He studied at the Art Academy of Dusseldorf. Franken lived in Dresden and worked as a lecturer there. Living in Germany, the painter was keen on genre painting. In 1850, he married one of his disciples Ellen Köber (1825-?). Ellen was born in Mitava (Elgava, Latvia). The painters Düring and Eggink educated her. In 1847, she arrived in Dresden, where she continued her studies with the master of portraits Roting and then with Paul Von Franken. In 1853, exhibition of Frankens was held in Riga. The same year, by the order of the State Adviser of Russian Empire Sologubin, they arrived in the Caucasus, passing through St. Petersburg. They were invited for painting of the Caucasus battles. Helen Franken together with her husband created several drawings on theme of Tbilisi and various parts of Georgia. In 1861, Paul Franken returned to Germany. The years spent in Georgia were very important for Frankens art. They often travelled to the different parts of the Caucasus, which increased their interest to the life and traditions of the Caucasian people. They were particularly attracted with the places untouched by the civilization, foreign landscapes, and ethnographic motives. Paul Von Franken is mentioned as a Caucasian painter in the literature of art criticism. Ellen Franken stayed in Tbilisi and taught painting at the gymnasium of women and at the same time, she fulfilled the private orders. She worked in genre of graphic portraits and also created portraits of nobles. In 1884, Ellen went to Dusseldorf by the request of her sick husband. In 1886, before his death, Paul Von Franken bequeathed the whole art heritage to his wife. Ellen Franken brought to Tbilisi all the works created 11

by the painter on the theme of the Caucasus. Paul and Ellen Von Frankens art is preserved in Georgian, Russian and European Museums as well as in private collections. Landscapes painted by Paul Von Franken are based on depth perception of the nature. As a romantic painter, he constantly is seeking to convey the existent reality, blue sky chromaticity, outlined dimensions of space, world of plants and nature idyll. The painter manages to create a certain mood. The viewers gaze is concentrated to the depths of the landscapes or the heavenly space. In many cases the picture scene is overloaded. The painter is keen on exotic environment, Eastern bazaar, ethnographic clothing and household items, which he describes in a realistic manner. In clearly sensible compositions created by Franken, human figures are often less important and are displayed in smaller scale. But greatness of the nature is a very important because of its artistic impression, which is often a mystery. Franken pays a special attention to the effect of light, solar lighting and gradation of tones in his works. The painter also created genre pictures on the theme of old Tbilisi. Paul Franken with his manner of romanticism traditions skillfully performs all details, will it be an architectural building or eastern garment. With his stylistic characteristics Paul Franken represents the late romantic painting period. Ellen Franken also was a romantic painter. She mostly painted portraits and landscapes using watercolor and pastel paints. It should be noted, that Frankens together created several paintings. Portraits by Ellen Franken are characterized by delicate, transparent lines, carefully executed details, lace dress or satin texture.the painter focuses not only on portrait similarly, but also tries to convey the character of personage. The calm gaze of a character mainly focused on spectators. Less attention is paid to the background, which is either neutral or is conveyed with general implicitly. Color gamma is mostly fulfilled with a light tone. She basically draws modern Georgian princesses. The landscapes made by Ellen with pencil and watercolor, are pale and color gamma is restrained. Ellen Franken s works are distinguished with high skill. Lelo Chichinadze Art critic 12

saqartveloti moxibluli germaneli mxatvrebi saqartvelos Tvalwarmtaci buneba, misi xalxi, istoriuli Zeglebi da dramatizmit arsavse heroikuli warsuli oditganve izidavda mogzaurobis moyvarult evropis sxvadasxva qveynidan. mat Soris iyvnen politikosebi da diplomatebi, Cinovnikebi da sasuliero pirebi, literatorebi da mxatvrebi. saqartvelo udides estetikur sazrdos izleoda gansakutrebit literaturisa da xelovnebis morvaweebisatvis, romeltatvisac Cveni qveyana TviTmyofadi ganumeorebeli tipajebisa da mravalferovani siujetebis mdidar wyarod iqca. XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebsi saqartvelos estumrnen germaneli mxatvrebi, col-qmari paul da helen fon frankenebi. mat bina TbilisSi daides. bevrs mogzaurobdnen mtel kavkasiasi, saqartvelos sxvadasxva kutxesi, xatavdnen xedebsa da tipajebs. Cvens qveyanasi gatarebulma wlebma gavlena iqonia mxatvarta Semdgom cxovrebaze. paul frankenis SemoqmedebaSi kavkasiam da gamorceulad saqartvelom, rogorc mxatvruli STagonebis wyarom, mnisvnelovani adgili daimkvidra, xolo helen frankenistvis Cveni qveyana meore sam- Soblod iqca. orive mxatvarma sakmaod mdidari memkvidreoba dagvitova ferweruli tiloebis, etiudebis, eskizebisa da Canaxatebis saxit. samwuxarod, mati SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreoba ar yofila seriozuli mecnieruli kvlevis sagani im mizezit, rom namusevarta didi nawili gafantulia yofili sabwota kavsirisa da sazrvargaretis sxvadasxva qveyanasi kerzo pirebis koleqciebsi. amdenad, bevri matgani specialistebistvis sruliad ucnobia, xolo saqartvelos saxelmwifo xelovnebis muzeumis fondebsa da Telavis samxatvro galereasi daculi ramdenime nimusi srul warmodgenas ar izleva mat Semoqmedebaze. zogierti biografiuli cnoba mxatvrebis Sesaxeb Semonaxulia timisa da bekeris leqsikonsa da biotiheris "mxatvrebis leqsikon- Si". saintereso biografiuli detalebi mxatvarta cxovrebidan Tavis droze warmoadgina Tbilisis mkvidrma, anastasia-sarlota ganma, romelic mxatvrebis RviZli SviliSvili iyo da cxovrebis ukanaskneli wlebi soxumsi gaatara. paul fon frankeni daibada 1818 wels godesbergsi. igi iyo diuseldorfis xelovnebis akademiis arzrdili. mis profesiul interess iwvevda qalaqebi - drezdeni, briuseli, antverpeni, romelta xsiri stumari iyo. drezdensi paul frankeni eweoda pedagogiur morvaweobas. misi mowafe iyo misi momavali meurlec - helen kioberi, romelic daibada 13

1825 wlis 19 marts yofili kurlandiis dedaqalaq mitavasi. mitavasi mas mxatvrobas aswavlidnen gimnaziis maswavlebeli eginki, romelmac 1834 wels dawera cnobili rusi meigavis - krilovis portreti da mxatvari diuringi. 1847 wels heleni drezdensi Camovida. sanam frankenis mowafe gaxdeboda, ferweris gakvetilebs mxatvari riotingi utarebda. 1851 wels paul frankeni da helen kioberi daqorwindnen. Tavis avtoportrets, romelic 1851 wlitaa datarirebuli, heleni, wina wlebisagan gansxvavebit, ukve xels awers, rogorc helen frankeni. meurlis gvari man sicocxlis bolomde SeinarCuna. 1852 wels axaldaqorwinebulebi helenis samsoblosi - qalaq mitavasi (amjamad qalaqi ielgava, latvia) gadavidnen sacxovreblad, sadac erti weliwadi gaatares. Semdeg sanqt-peterburgisa da moskovis gavlit TbilisSi Camovidnen. aq sabolood Camoyalibda paul frankenis mimartuleba xelovnebasi. TbilisSi mravali wlis cxovrebam da xsirma mogzaurobam kavkasiis yvela kutxesi ganamtkica massi mrwamsi, romelic xelovnebasi upiratesobas aniwebda "civilizaciit Seuryvneli" xalxebis wes-cveulebebs, mat TavisTavadobas. kavkasia mxatvars nairferovan landsaftebsa da etnografiul motivebs stavazobda. isic mteli arsebit Caeflo SemoqmedebiT processi. aman Tavisi Sedegi gamoiro. paul fon frankeni kavkasiis mxatvari gaxda. TbilisSi mat SeeZinaT qalisvili, romelsac saxelad heleni daarqves. paul frankenma 1860 wlamde dayo TbilisSi, ris Semdegac dasorda meurles da dabrunda diuseldorfsi, sadac sicocxlis bolomde icxovra. iqve gardaicvala 1884 wels. rac Seexeba helen frankens, igi darca TbilisSi, razec metyvelebs Tbilisis germanuli, luteranuli eklesiis saregistracio wignsi misi SviliSvilis, anastasia-sarlota ganis, natlobastan dakavsirebit, 1877 gaketebuli Canaweri (dokumenti inaxeba saqartvelos centralur arqivsi), romelsic igi mowmed figurirebs. helen frankenis Tbilis- Si darcenas misi meurlis gamgzavrebis Semdeg adasturebs v. noimanic mokle biografiul cnobasi helen frankenis Sesaxeb (timisa da bekeris leqsikonsi); igi arnisnavs, rom 1884 wels helen frankeni Tbilisidan germaniasi dabrunda. mxatvrebis ertaderti qalisvili, heleni colad gahyva erovnebit germanel karl gans. karl gani iyo cnobili pedagogi, istorikosi, etnografi da geografi. mis kalams ekutvnis mravali gamokvleva amierkavkasiisa da CrdiloeT kavkasiis geografiisa da etnografiis sakitxebze. karl gani Tbilisis sxvadasxva saswavlo dawesebulebasi eweoda pedagogiur morvaweobas: iyo vajta pirveli gimnaziis maswavlebeli, qalta pirveli gimnaziis direqtori, germanuli realuri gimnaziis ufrosi maswavlebeli; sxvadasxva wlebsi musaobda germanuli, berznuli da latinuri enebis leqtorad amierkavkasiis univer- 14

sitetsa da Tbilisis politeqnikur universitetsi. anastasia-sarlotas garda helen da karl ganebs kidev Svidi Svili eyolat. yvelaze umcrosi qalisvili olra-adelaida colad gahyva Tbilisel aleqsandre (asat) vacnazes, ramac TbilisSi satave daudo cnobili mxatvrebis - paul da helen frankenebis STamomavalTa qartul Stos vacnazisa da ebralizis gvarit. XX saukunis 70-iani wlebis dasawyissi am striqonebis avtori Sexvda mxatvrebis ufros SviliSvils, anastasia-sarlota gans. im droistvis mraval da-zmatagan mxolod igi iyo cocxali. anastasias monatxrobis mixedvit, misma babuam - paul fon frankenma kavkasiisadmi mizrvnili yvela etiudi da Canaxati germaniasi wairo da mat safuzvelze Seqmna Tavisi tiloebis udidesi nawili. ferweruli tiloebis dasrulebasi daxmarebisatvis man ramdenimejer ixmo germaniasi helen frankeni. yvela Tavisi ferweruli tilo paul frankenma helens uanderza. paul frankenis gardacvalebis Semdeg misi Semoqmedebis didi nawili (ferweruli tiloebi, etiudebi, Canaxatebi) helen frankenma TbilisSi Camoitana. SemdgomSi paul frankenis mteli SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreoba ganawilda mravalricxovan SviliSvilebs Soris. bediswerit, zogierti matgani armocnda moskovsa da sanqt-peterburgsi da mxatvrebis Semoqmedebis TavianTi wilic Tan waires am qalaqebsi. anastasia ganis naambobidan interesmoklebuli ar iyo momesmina, rom paul frankenis bolo namusevrebsi adamianta da cxovelta figurebi Sesrulebulia helen frankenis xelit. rogorc Cans, es safuzvels moklebuli ar unda iyos, Tu gavitvaliswinebt im garemoebas, rom helen frankenis mier TbilisSi Camotanili TiTqmis yvela tilo 1884 wlit aris datarirebuli. rogorc cnobilia, es paul frankenis gardacvalebis welia da saewvoa, mas ramdenime TveSi dauxmareblad daesrulebina aseti didi moculobis tiloebi. manve miambo, rom helen frankeni (kioberi) gardaicvala TbilisSi da dakrzalulia aqve, germanelta yofil sasaflaoze, sadac amjamad aris moqmedi evangelur-luteranuli Serigebis eklesia. samwuxarod, sabwota periodsi es sasaflao gaauqmes. mxatvrebis SviliSvilisSvilma otar vacnazem daaxloebit icis Tavis winaparta dakrzalvis adgili. specialur literaturasi moipoveba berlinis, diuseldorfis, drezdenis, gdanskis, hanoveris, braunsveigis muzeumebsi daculi paul frankenis zogierti suratis CamonaTvali. esenia: "mzadeba arsarebistvis" - drezdeni, "sauzme samikitnosi" - sacuqari Sulthaisis muzeumistvis, "kapela italiur sanapiroze" - qalaqis muzeumi gdansksi (yofili dancigi), "derbentis motivi. kavkasia" - hanoveri, "duqani" - 1880 weli, diuseldorfi, "kavkasiis mtianeti: yazbegi da mdinare Tergi" - diuseldorfi, "kavkasiuri landsafti. samuris motivi. darestnis mtianeti (Sax-dagi)" - berlini, "qurtebis nadi- 15

roba frinvelebze" - 1868 weli, hanoveri. ert-erti etiudi suratisa "qurtebis nadiroba frinvelebze" - soxumsi mcxovrebi mxatvris SviliSvilis - anastasia ganis sakutreba iyo. paul frankenis kargad Semonaxuli ori didi tilo inaxeba saqartvelos xelovnebis muzeumis fondebsi. ert matganze gamosaxulia adidebuli mdinare rioni, meore tiloze arbewdilia Zveli Tbilisi, romlis litografia gamocenilma mecnierma vaxtang berizem gamoiyena Tavisi wignisatvis "Tbilisis xurotmozrvreba 1801-1917 wlebsi" (gamoica 1963 wels). danarceni suratebi, samwuxarod, ucnobia rogorc specialistebis, aseve moyvarulta farto wristvis, vinaidan rogorc zemot arvnisnet, kerzo koleqciebsia gafantuli. paul frankenis tiloebis yvelaze did koleqcias flobda sanqtpeterburgsi mcxovrebi mxatvrebis SviliSvilis Svili irina lasevakolesnikova. mis koleqciasi iyo paul frankenis kargad Semonaxuli cxra tilo. mat Soris maralostaturad Sesrulebuli "saramo", "alaznis veli", "darialis xeoba", "araratis xedi" da sxv. samwuxarod, irina laseva-kolesnikovam 1994-1995 wlebsi es suratebi gayida ise, rom ar moxerxda mati ferad firze gadarebac ki Semdgom- Si feradi litografiis damzadebis miznit. sanqt-peterburgsa da moskovsi kerzo mflobelta xelsi moxvedrili tiloebi faqtobrivad miuwvdomeli armocnda farto sazogadoebistvis, ritac daikarga frankenis Semoqmedebis ufro Rrma Seswavlisa da popularizaciis xelsayreli SesaZlebloba. bunebrivia, rusetsi gafantuli koleqciisa da saqartvelosi arsebuli suratebi ukve warmoadgendnen sakmaod Rirebul masalas misi Semoqmedebis yovelmxrivi SeswavlisTvis. amas garda, paul frankenis kidev sami surati mxatvris SviliSvilis Svilis, sanqt-peterburgeli kompozitoris, nikolai ganis sakutreba iyo, romelic 1994 wels gardaicvala; am suratebis bedic ucnobia. 70-ian wlebsi SesaZlebloba momeca Semeswavla ert-erti surati kolesnikovas koleqciidan "saramo". igi Sesrulebulia romantikuli ferweris sauketeso tradiciebis manerit, maral profesiul doneze da SesaniSnavad asaxavs mzis Casvlis surats: sanaxevrod RrublebiT dafaruli mze horizontisken esveba, Camavali mzis sxivebi, aqa-iq rom gakvets Rrublebs, utanabro sinatlis nakadebad efineba wylis zedapirs; saramovdeba. wylis napiras aqlemebis qaravanma unda daivanos. cxenebze Semsxdari mxedrebi msvidad saubroben. urlidan gamoxsnili xari iqve, uremtan wevs. frinvelta gundi wylis zedapiris siaxloves dafrinavs. mxatvari mteli sicxadit qmnis saramos ganwyobilebas. amjamad Cvens xeltaa mxolod uxarisxo Sav-TeTri fotomasala am suratisa, romelic sust warmodgenas izleva mxatvris ostatobaze. 16

zepir gadmocemebze dayrdnobit, mxatvarma Seqmna ert-erti Tavisi sauketeso tilo "Tbilisis aoxreba sparselebis mier", romelsic STambeWdavadaa gadmocemuli gamzvinvarebuli cecxlis stiqia: cecxlmokidebuli nariyalas cixe da misi Semogareni, zecasi atyorcnili kvamli gasaocar kontrasts qmian mtis lurji zolis, savse mtvarisa da TiTqmis urrublo cis fontan. Zlieri cecxlisgan TiTqos mdinaresi wyalic gacxelebula, damwknara da gadayvitlebula mcenareebi mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze. mosaxleoba Tavs gaqcevit Svelis; xrioki da ukacrieli napiric ertgvarad xazs usvams cecxlis stiqiis ulmoblobas. surati mxatvris SviliSvilis SviliSvilis luba vacnazis sakutrebaa. aranakleb gamomsaxvelobitia surati, romelzec asaxulia zrvispira qalaqi da gamzvinvarebuli zrvis stiqia: Rrublebidan gamorweuli sinatle anatebs qalaqs, sanapiro zols da aboboqrebul zrvas. mexis dacemisgan cecxli gascenia da izireba oranziani gemi; gemze xanzris Sedegad gacenil bols, romelic dabla efineba, qari SoreTisaken miaqrolebs. saxlebidan gamocvenili adamianebi cnobismoyvareobit miscerebian zrvas. SubebiT SeiaraRebuli meomrebi, cxenebze amxedrebulni, miemartebian zrvis napiris gaswvriv. suratis wina planze centrsi armartuli koski-suqura mbolavi CiraRdniT gzas ucvenebs gemebs. ukana planze mocans mecetebi minaretebit da didi qalaqis sasaxleebi. kokispiruli wvimis Semdeg gamonatebuli mzis gabneuli sxivebis Suqze kriali gaaqvt Senobebsa da nargavebs. TiTqos es-esaa, piri daibaneso. wvimis Sedegad gacenili nakadulebi jer kidev Camoedinebian zrvisken mimaval gzaze. surati luba vacnazis mflobelobasia. specialur literaturasi paul frankens axasiateben, rogorc Janrul da landsaftur ferwerrs, magram Tavisi sauketeso qmnilebasi igi scildeba am daxasiatebis CarCoebs da pirvel yovlisa, gvevlineba bunebrivi da stiqiuri movlenebis Rrma analitikosad, romlebic ubadlo ostatobit gadaaqvs tiloze. didostatis xelit Cans tiloze "Tbilisi XIX saukunis Sua xaneb- Si". surati daculia saqartvelos xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumsi. tiloze gamosaxulia Zveli Tbilisis Cvenamde morweuli yvelaze cnobili adgilebi da nagebobebi. suratis centrsi gamosaxulia tradiculi Tbilisuri saxli sakvamle milebit, rikulebiani aivnit da aivanze gadakidebuli xalicebit. saxlis brtyel saxuravsa da aivanze dganan an sxedan adamianebi. isini Tvalyurs adevneben dairaze qalis cekvas Ria moedanze, romelic amave dros warmoadgens damxmare satavss, saxuravs. ezosi saxlis win, akvantan, romelsic Cvili wevs, zis axalgazrda qali Tavis qalisviltan ertad. akvantan dgas xansi Sesuli mamakaci; iqve, Soriaxlos, mutaqaze idayvdayrdnobili isvenebs xansi Sesuli qali - savaraudod, qmris an colis msoblebi. stumrebtan ertad Camosul mamastan Sesax- 17

vedrad garbis patara biwi. mamakacisa da biwis xelebis mozraoba da poza xazs usvams mat natesaur kavsirs. saxlidan mosorebit, quca- Si, darmartze esveba TeTrcxenosani mxedari da ZaRli. imavdroulad armartze amodis aqlemebis qaravani. suratis marcxena kutxesi, saxlis gverdit devs qvevri da urmis Tvali - imdroindeli qartuli saojaxo meurneobis ganuyofeli atributebi, romlebic xsirad gvxvdeba frankenis suratebsi. mxatvarma, mwvane nargavebis gamoyenebit, surati pirobitad sam nawilad dayo. amastan, SeinarCuna kompozicia da siujetis mtlianoba. suratis wina plani, romelzedac isleba zemoarnisnuli moqmedeba, suratis danarceni nawilebisgan gamoyofilia nargavebit, romeltac ori marali alvis xe agvirgvinebs. suratis marcxena nawilsi, ukana planze mocans sololakis mta da masze armartuli nariyalas cixesimagre. mtis kaltebze, cixesimagris qvemot, sacxovrebeli saxlebia da TeTri meceti minaretit. sololakis mtis kaltebsa da alvis xeebs Soris WrilSi mocans mamadavitis mtis nawili. pirobitad (alvis xeebidan) suratis marjvena nawilsi, Sua planze gamosaxulia abano- Tubani (gogirdis abanoebis kompleqsi). suratis am nawilis ukana planze kldovani marlobia metexis tazrit, mtkvris garma ki, sawinaarmdego mxares - sionis tazari. mamadavitis mtis ferdobebsa da sionis tazris Semogarenis mwvane nargavebs Soris bundovnad mocans TeTri zoli - qalaqis egret wodebuli evropuli nawili. mxatvari Rrmad Caswvda da SesaniSnavad gadmosca Tbilisuri koloriti. SuqCrdilis gamoyenebit ostaturad Seqmna didi moculobis masstaburi nawarmoebi. paul fon frankens zogierti xelovnebatmcodne peizajis fermwerad miicnevda. mis mraval suratsi, etiudsa da CanaxatSi didi yuradreba eqceva peizajs, kerzod, peizajis iset ZiriTad nawils, rogoricaa mcenareta samyaro. mxatvris tiloebsa da mraval Canaxatze gamosaxulia ucveulo xavsmodebuli xeebi nujrebiani tanita da gasisvlebuli fesvebit; fururovani, tanmorcili xeebi dacacxuli, darrecili totebit, tyisa da mindvris mcenareebi, ritac ase mdidaria saqartvelo. calkeuli mcenaris Canaxatebi mowmoben imis Sesaxeb Tu ramdenad zedmiwevnit swavlobda mxatvari Tavisi momavali tiloebis nebismier detals. ert-ert etiudze - "xeebi mdinaris xeobis Tavze" (qaraldi, zeti, l. vacnazis sakutreba) cisferi cisa da lurji mtebis fonze, sadac aqa-iq SemorCenili Tovlis laqebi mocans, gamosaxulia tyispiri xeobis Tavze. mzlavri xeebi TiTqmis avseben suratis mtel fartobs; ert-erti matgani varjis garesea, rogorc Cans, mexs dauzianebia; suratis wina plani dacrdilulia. xsir fotlebs gamorweuli mkrtali 18

atinati sustad anatebs miwit, xavsita da mcenareebit dafarul did lods, xeebis muq siluetebs da gasisvlebul fesvebs. suratis centrsi dgas mzlavri wiflis xe, romlis muqi mwvane varji kargad ikitxeba cisferi cis fonze. suratis marcxena, qveda kutxesi, xeebs Soris datovebul WrilSi, mtebis Ziras, mocans mdinaris viwro zoli, savaraudod, aragvisa. surati agebulia kontrastebze, dominirebuli adgili ukavia mzlavr wiflis xes, romelic TvalSi sacemad gamoirceva danarceni mcenareebisgan da warmogvidgeba rogorc kompoziciis ZiriTadi RerZi. did interess warmoadgens Sav-TeTri litografia paul frankenis suratisa "avlabari, Tbilisi", romelic Sesrulebulia m. ulfersis mier (l. vacnazis sakutreba). igi aseve romantizmis sauketeso tradiciebitaa gadawyvetili. wina planze mdinare mtkvris marcxena kldovan sanapiroze armartulia am adgilistvis damaxasiatebeli tipuri saxlebi, tradiciuli dakidebuli aivnebit, romlebic kldeta gagrzelebas warmoadgenen da mtlianobasi qmnian grandiozul nagebobas, romelic mogvagonebs haersi dakidebul cixe-darbazs. mtkvris sanapirodan serpantinit armavali qvis kibe ebjineba nagebobis bnel, TaRovan Sesasvlels. Rrubliani cis foni, bindiani wina plani, mdinare mtkvris mopirdapire mxares mzis gamwoli sxivebit ganatebul nariyalas cixesimagre am adgils ertgvar gamoucnob da idumal iers aniwebs. surats acocxlebs xviara mcenareebit dafaruli talaveris qves, mtkvris wylit Semorecxil naxevrad mrgval aguris terasaze Tavmoyril adamianta jgufi, agretve ramdenime adamianis figura sanapiroze, kibis SuaSi, bnel, TaRovan SesasvlelTan da mtkvridan wylis amosarebad agebul ficarnagze. Semonaxulia paul frankenis fanqrit Sesrulebuli Canaxatebi (kerzo mflobelobasi). erti matgani - "qutaisi, bagratis tazris nangrevebi" datarirebulia 1856 wlis 9 oqtombrit. rogorc Cans, mxatvari swvevia imerets, rasac mowmobs fanqrit Sesrulebuli Canaxatebi - qutaisis, Cxeris, simonetis, yvirilasa da Zirulas xeobebis xedebi. mravali grafikuli da akvarelit Canaxati mxatvarma Tbiliss miuzrvna: savawro rigebi, calkeuli nageboba Tu qalaqis sxvadasxva kutxe. am CanaxatebSi Cans didebuli ostatis xeli. uyuradrebod paul frankens arc kavkasiuri tipajebi darcenia. mis namusevrebsi (Semonaxulia fanqrit da akvarelit Sesrulebuli Canaxatebi) didi sizustitaa gadmocemuli Tbiliseli da kavkasiis mcxovrebta Taviseburi tipajebi. Semonaxulia paul frankenis mier fanqrit Sesrulebuli ori Canaxati, romelzedac misi meurle helen frankenia gamosaxuli. helen frankeni cnobilia, rogorc Janruli ferwerisa da gansakutrebit portretis ostati. specialur literaturasi (v. noimani 19

"baltiis mxatvrebis leqsikoni" CamoTvlilia misi portretebi: "Tavadi liveni", "samoqalaqo mrceveli noimani". saqartvelos xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumsi daculia ramdenime namusevari: "meurlis - paul frankenis portreti", "ioseb Tarxan-mouravis portreti" da sxv. sanqt-peterburgis koleqciasi, laseva-kolesnikovas sakutrebidan iyo helen frankenis ori kargad Semonaxuli avtoportreti. ert matganze, romelic datarirebulia 1848 wlit, aris xelmowera - helen kioberi. akvarelit Sesrulebul portretze gamosaxulia ymawvili qali, maxvili, gamomcdeli mzerit. Tvalebis gamometyveleba mousvenar naturas amjravnebs. am saxis naxvisas gipyrobs SegrZneba, rom misi ganwyobileba SeiZleba mkvetrad Seicvalos imisda mixedvit, Tu ra fiqrebi da emociebi moicavs mas. neitraluri foni da mis centrsi mkafio figura xels uwyobs portretis Rrma arqmas. meore avtoportretze, romelic datarirebulia 1851 wlit, xelmowerilia helen frankeni. am droistvis 26 wlis mxatvari ukve gatxovili iyo paul frankenze. portretze gamosaxulia lamazi, axalgazrda qali, sandomiani ovaluri saxit. Tavi odnav daxrili aqvs. marali gaxsnili Subli, sqeli muqi warbebi da didroni, Wkviani, cnobismoyvare Tvalebi qmnian gamwriaxi da adamianis sulsi Rrmad Camwvdomi mxatvris saxes. nazi nikapi da mkvetrad gamoxatuli mgrznobiare tucebi massi vnebian naturas amjravnebs. isviati sinatife igrznoba Tmis, kabis, maqmanis, sayuris TiToeul StrixSi. marcxena xelsi tilo uwiravs, marjvenati ki dayrdnobilia tiloze. mtel mis arsebasi igrznoba simsvide da sulieri wonasworoba. portreti daxatulia mcenareebisa da balustradiani Ria verandis fonze, saidanac tba da mtebi mocans. mtlianad suratze igrznoba sadresaswaulo ganwyobileba. portreti Sesrulebulia akvarelita da pastelit. helen frankenis kidev erti avtoportreti (Semonaxulia feradi litografia) warmogvidgens xansi Sesul mxatvars; sada tansacmeli da Savi CaCi, romelic nawilobriv faravs Tmas, xazs usvams solidur asaks. naowebi warbebsua, mosvebuli, magram mtkiced mokumuli tucebi da gamwoli, sayveduris gamomxatveli mzera warmoacens mbrzanebluri xasiatis cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebit dabrzenebul saxes. akvarelita da pastelit SesaniSnavadaa Sesrulebuli savarzelsi mjdomi axalgazrda qalis portreti (anastasia ganis sakutreba), romlis saxezec arbewdilia misi Sinagani ganwyoba. saidanac Cans, rom mxatvari adamianis sulier samyarosi fsiqologiuri wvdomis gansakutrebuli niwit iyo dajildoebuli; ostaturad gadmocemuli Tmis, kabisa da maqmanis detalebi mis figuras ertgvar haerovnebas aniweben, xolo mtel mis garegnobas - darbaislur sinatifes. aseve ostaturadaa gadmocemuli savarzlis xis zurgisa da tyavis faqtura. 20

SesaniSnavi ostatis xeli Cans mis mier sepiis teqnikit Sesrulebul portretsi "axalgazrda qali alia ninonis stilsi gaketebuli Tmis varcxnilobit". amayad dawerili Tavi, Sors mimartuli mzera, mtkiced mokumuli Txeli tucebi, msvildismagvari wvrili warbebi mas- Si amjravneben qedmarlur xasiats, amave dros gamoxataven naturis Sinagan Zalasa da aqtiurobas (portreti anastasia ganis sakutreba iyo). sainteresoa daumtavrebeli - "mxatvris portreti" (l. vacnazis sakutreba). dasrulebulia mxolod mxatvris saxe. portretidan gviyurebs axalgazrda, cisfertvala mamakaci dakvirvebuli da gamwoli mzerit. mtel mis arsebasi gamoswvivis goneba da inteleqti. ostaturadaa gamoyenebuli ganateba; portreti Sesrulebulia akvarelit. fsiqologiuri niuansebit gamoirceva portreti - "axalgazrda kaci Sav kostiumsi". mamakacis Tavi warmodgenilia naxevarprofilsi. wagrzelebuli saxe, grzeli cxviri, win wamoweuli Txeli tucebi, CaWyletili nikapi da SuSismagvari Tvalebi massi amjravnebs naturas, romlistvisac damaxasiatebelia ertgvari pedanturoba. portreti Sesrulebulia akvarelit da kerzo sakutrebasia. helen frankenis tiloebze zemot arnisnuli ori avtoportretis garda Sesrulebis TariRi arnisnuli ar aris. orive mxatvarma didi SemoqmedebiTi gza ganvlo da STamomavlobas umdidresi memkvidreoba dautova, romelsac, samwuxarod, kargad ar icnobs sazogadoeba; mati namusevrebi isea gabneuli evropis mraval qveyanasi, rom TiTqmis warmoudgenelia odesme mati ertad Sekreba sazogadoebistvis gasacnobad. zogierti matgani ki gadaudebel restavracias sawiroebs. am albomis mizania daviwyebas gadavarcinot gamocenili mxatvrebi helen da paul frankenebi, mivapyrot ferwerit dainteresebul TanamedroveTa yuradreba matken da vcadot gavurvivot interesi mati SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreobisadmi im dawesebulebebsa da organizaciebs, romlebic xelovnebis nimusebis Segrovebis, Seswavlis, popularizaciisa da demonstraciis saqmes emsaxurebian. saqartvelosi wlebis ganmavlobasi mcxovrebi gamocenili mxatvrebi - helen da paul frankenebi, romlebmac mteli TavianTi Semoqmedeba ZiriTadad kavkasiasa da kerzod, saqartvelos miuzrvnes, Cvengan namdvilad imsaxureben yuradrebasa da Rirseul dafasebas. malxaz ebralize 21

German Painters Fascinated by Georgia A charming nature of Georgia, its people, historical monuments and dramatic past have always attracted travelers from different European countries. Amongst them were politicians, diplomats, officials, clergy, writers and artists. Georgia provided great esthetic source, especially for representatives of literature and art, for whom our country became a rich sources of original characters and diverse subjects. In 1850s, German painters Paul and Helen Frankens visited Georgia. They lived in Tbilisi. They travelled around the Caucasus and different parts of Georgia and painted views and portraits. The strong impressions received in our Country had a great influence on the further life of the painters. The Caucasus and especially Georgia appeared to be an endless source of artistic inspiration in Paul Franken s art and life. For Helen Franken our country became the second homeland. Both painters left us a rich heritage: etudes, sketches and drawings. Unfortunately, Frankens art has never been a subject of a serious scientific research, because the most part of works are distributed over the different countries and private collections. For specialists many pictures by Frankens are unknown. Thus, several drawings kept in the depository of the State Art Museum and Art Gallery of Telavi do not provide a complete conception of Frankens art. The Dictionary by Tim and Becker and Artists dictionary by Böttiher provide some biographical notes about artists. Later, indigene of Tbilisi, Anastasia-Charlotte Gann, the grandchild of Frankens presented interesting biographical details from the life of the painters. Charlotte Gann spent the last years of her life in Sokhumi. Paul Von Franken was born in Godesburg, 1818. He graduated the Academy of Dusseldorf. Because of his professional interest, he frequently visited the following cities: Dresden, Brussels, Antwerp. Paul Franken gave lectures in Dresden. His future wife Ellen Köber was his disciple. Köber was born in Mitava, the capital of former Courland, on 19 March of 1825. In 1851, Paul Franken and Ellen Köber got married. Ellen s self-portrait dated 1851 is signed as Ellen Franken. She preserved this name until the end of her days. In 1852, just married moved to Ellen s homeland Mitava, (Now Elgava, Latvia), where they stayed for one year. Thereafter, passing through St. Petersburg and Moscow, they arrived in Tbilisi, where was finally formed Paul Franken s art direction. They lived in Tbilisi for years and traveled around the Caucasus. In this period, Franken s belief was strengthened, which gave priority to the customs and originality of people, not decayed by the civilization. Fascinated 22

with the types of landscapes and ethnographic motives of the Caucasus, the artist was completely absorbed in the creative process. And as a result, Franken became a painter of the Caucasus. Frankens daughter Ellen was born in Tbilisi. Paul Franken stayed in Tbilisi until 1860, then he divorced his wife and returned to Dusseldorf, where he lived until the end of his days. Paul Franken died in 1884. Ellen Franken stayed in Tbilisi. This fact is confirmed by a record remained in the registration book of German Lutheran church of Tbilisi, about christening of her granddaughter Anastasia-Charlotte Gann, where Ellen is mentioned as a witness. The document, which is kept in the National Archives of Georgia, is made in 1877. In a brief biographical notice about Ellen Franken (Tim s and Becker s Dictionary), V. Neumann also confirms that Ellen stayed in Tbilisi after the departure of her husband. He notes that Ellen Franken returned to Germany in 1884. The only daughter of the painters, Ellen married an ethnic German Carl Gann. Gann was a famous teacher, historian, ethnographer and geographer. He conducted many researches on the geographical and ethnographical issues of the North and Trans Caucasus. He taught in the different educational institutions: the first gymnasium of boys, the first gymnasium of girls and German real gymnasium. In different years, he taught German, Greek and Latin languages at the Technical University of Tbilisi and the Trans Caucasus University. Family of Ganns had eight children including Anastasia-Charlotte Gann. The youngest daughter Olga-Adelaida married Alexander (Asat) Vachnadze. This marriage continued the Georgian tribe of the famous painters Frankens family with last names of Vachnadze and Ebralidze. In the early 1970s, the author of this text had a conversation with the older granddaughter of the artists, Anastasia-Charlotte Gann. At that time, she was the only one who was alive. According to Anastasia, her grandfather Paul Von Franken took all etudes and sketches, dedicated to the Caucasus, to Germany and based on them created major part of his canvases. Paul Franken several times asked Ellen Franken coming to Germany, ans she helped him completing his paintings. Paul Franken bequeathed all his paintings to Ellen. After the death of Paul, Ellen brought the major part of his art (paintings, etudes, sketches) in Tbilisi. Later, the art heritage of Franken was distributed among his numerous grandchildren. By chance, some of pictures was taken to Moscow and St. Petersburg. Listening to Anastasia Gann, it was interesting to hear that the last work of Franken depicting human and animal figures was created by Helen Franken. Apparently, it is not unfounded, given the fact that Franken s almost all important canvases, brought by Helen to Tbilisi, were dated 1884. As we know, Paul Franken died in 1884. It is doubtful that, a few months before his death, he would be able to complete so many works alone, without the help of Ellen. Ellen Franken (Köber) died in Tbilisi and was buried in the former German 23

cemetery. Unfortunately the Soviet System destroyed the cemetery. Nowadays, in this place functions the Evangelist-Lutheran Church of Reconciliation. The great-grandson of the painter Otar Vachnadze knows approximate burial place of his ancestor. In a special literature we can find a list of Paul Franken s drawings kept in the museums of Dresden, Gdansk, Hanover, Braunschweig, Berlin and Dusseldorf. Some of their names are: Preparation for Confession - Dresden, Breakfast in Tavern - a gift to Schultheis Museum, Cappella at the Italian Coast - museum in Gdansk, (former Danzig), The Motive of Derbent, the Caucasus - Hanover, The Tavern - 1880, Dusseldorf, The Caucasus Mountain Range: Kazbegi and Tergi River - Dusseldorf, Caucasian Landscape. The Motive of Samur. The Highland of Dagestan (Shakh-dagi) - Berlin, Kurds Hunting Birds - 1868, Hanover. One of the etudes for the picture Kurds Hunting Bird was the property of painter s granddaughter, Anastasia Gann who lived in Sukhumi. Two large canvases by Paul Franken are kept in the fund of the Georgian Art Museum. In one of the pictures is painted a flooded river Rioni, another one depicts Old Tbilisi. The famous scientist Vakhtang Beridze used a lithography of this picture in his book Tbilisi Architecture of 1801-1917, which was published in 1963. Unfortunately, the rest of the works are unknown both for specialists and the general public, because, they are kept in the private collections. The artist s great granddaughter Irina Lasheva-Kolesnikova owned the largest collection of Paul Franken s paintings. She lived in St. Petersburg. Her collection included nine well-preserved canvases by Franken. Amongst them were: An Evening, Alazani Field, Dariali Valley, View of Ararat and others. Unfortunately, Kolesnikova sold those pictures in 1994-1995. It was impossible to print their color tape. Because of their possession by private owners in Moscow and St. Petersburg, they actually became unreachable for general public. Thus, the chance to research in-depth and promote Frankens art was missed. Paul Franken s three more pictures were possessed by his great grandson Nikoloz Gann, a composer from Leningrad, who died in 1994. The fate of these paintings is unknown. In 1970s, I had a chance to learn one of the pictures from the collection of Kolesnikova, named as An Evening. The painting is created in the style of romanticism painting, with highly professional manner and brilliantly depicts a sunset scene: the sun partially covered with clouds, slides down to the horizon, sunset rays shining through the clouds, unevenly spreads over a water surface; night is falling, a camel caravan is about to settle near the water shore; horsemen riding their horses talks calmly, the untied bull lies nearby of bullockcart, bird flock flies over the water. The painter creates a mood of the evening. Nowadays, we have only low-grade black and white photographic material of 24

this picture. According to the oral stories, the painter created one of his best works Devastation of Tbilisi by Persians, which impressively conveys furious fire disaster: burning Narikhala Castle and its nearby territories. Smoke burst in the sky creates a wonderful contrast with the background of the blue line of mountains, full moon and almost cloudless sky. The water in the river is heated by the fire. Plants are faded and turned yellow on the left side of the River Kura. The people runs away. Waterless and desolate shore emphasizes the ruthlessness of the fire. The owner of the picture is Luba Vachnadze, the great granddaughter of the painter. The picture depicting a city on the seaside and furious sea is more expressive. The light coming out from the clouds, shines over the town, coastline and raging sea. The ship with two mast burns and sinks. The people rushing out of their houses are curiously gazed at the sea. Armed with spears, fighters ride their horses along the coast. In the foreground of the picture, erected towerlighthouse with smoky torch shows the way to the ships. In the background, there are: palaces of the big city and a mosque with minaret. After the heavy rain, buildings and plants glitter under the scattered sunrays. Streams made by the rain flow into the sea. The owner of the picture is Luba Vachnadze. Usually, Paul Franken is characterized as a painter of genre and landscape, but in his best work he breaks the stereotype and presents himself as a deep analyst of the natural disasters. He draws these scenes with unrivaled mastery. The drawing Tbilisi in the Middle of XIX Century is also fulfilled with amazing mastership. The picture is preserved in the Georgian State Art Museum. The drawing depicts buildings and sites of old Tbilisi. In the center of the picture is depicted traditional house of Tbilisi with chimney stacks, fenced balcony and carpets hanging on the balcony. There are people sit and stand on the flat roof and balcony. They look at the woman dancing on the sound of a tambourine in an open square. In the yard in front of the house, near the cradle of a baby, a young woman sits with her daughter. An elderly man stands near the cradle; nearby an old woman putting her elbow on the pillow rests, probably they are parents of wife or husband. A little boy runs to meet his father arrived together with the guests. The motion of the boy s and the man s hands and the attitude emphasize their kinship. Far from the house, a man on a white horse rides down the street, followed by a dog, at the same time, on the ascent rises camel caravan. In the left corner of the picture, next to the house, there are: a huge wine jar and a cart wheel. In that time, these items were an integral part of the Georgian household, which we often see in Franken s pictures. By using green plants, the painter conditionally divided the picture into three parts, at the same time retaining the story and integrity of the composition. Depicting above mentioned activity, foreground of the picture is separated 25

from the rest one with plants and two tall poplars. In the background of the picture s left part, we see Sololaki Mountain and Narikhala Fortress erected on it. On the mountain slope, below the fortress, there are living houses and white mosque with minaret. Between the Sololaki mountain slopes and poplar trees we see a part of Mamadaviti Mountain. Conventionally, on the right side of the picture, in the middle of the foreground we see Abanotubani (complex of sulfur baths). In the background there are: a rocky elevation and Metekhi Church. On the other side of the River Kura, there is Sioni Church. Between Mamadaviti mountain slopes and the plants surrounding Sioni Church there is a vaguely visible white line so called European part of the city. The painter perfectly delivered the tonality of Tbilisi. Skillfully using the shadow-light, he created a great large-scale painting. Some of the art specialists considered Paul Franken as a landscape painter. Franken paid a great attention to the landscape and flora in his many pictures, etudes and sketches. There are unusual mossy trees with a knotted trunks and naked roots, great trees with hollows and formless branches, forest and field plants depicted in the pictures. The painter thoroughly learned every little detail of his future canvas and sketches of individual plants are evidence of this fact. In one of the etudes Trees above the River Gorge, (paper,oil, the owner L. Vachnadze), against the background of blue sky and mountains, with rare snow spots, is depicted the forest edge near the river gorge. Powerful trees almost fill the whole picture area; one of them is damaged by the thunder. The foreground of the picture is shaded. Pale glittering sun rays escaping through the thick leaves, scatter a weak light over a boulder covered with moss and plants, dark silhouettes of trees and exposed roots. In the center of the picture stands a strong beech tree. Its dark green crown is well seen against the background of the blue sky. In the left lower corner of the picture, among the trees, at the bottom of the mountain, there is a narrow line of the river, supposedly it is Aragvi. The picture is created with contrasts; a strong beech tree is obviously distinguished from the other plants and definitely is the main axis of the composition. A black-and-white lithography of Paul Franken s picture Avlabari, Tbilisi, created by M. Ulfers (owner Luba Vachnadze) is a very interesting work. It is also created in the best manner of romanticism traditions. In the foreground, on a rocky bank of the River Kura, there are typical houses, characteristic of this place, with traditional hanging balconies, which are the continuation of rocks creating a great structure. The whole complex reminds a castle-palace hanging in an open air. A serpentine stone staircase rises from the bank of the River Kura and abuts the dark arch entrance of the building. The background of the cloudy sky, foggy foreground, sunlit Narikhala Fortress gave an obscure and mysterious appearance to this place. A group of people standing on the 26

terrace, covered by a pergola, also a several people, standing on the wooden board made to lift water from the River Kura, revive the picture. Paul Franken s sketches made in pencil are also preserved in private collections. One of them Kutaisi, the Ruins of Bagrati Church is dated 9th of October 1856. As it seems, the painter visited Imereti (Region of Georgia). The fact is confirmed by the Franken s pictures such are: the views of Kutaisi, Sachkhere, Simoneti, Kvirila and Dzirula Valley. All of them are made in pencil. The painter dedicated many graphic and watercolor sketches to Tbilisi. He painted trade rows, separate buildings and different parts of the city. Franken also paid his attention to the portraits of Caucasian people. In his works made with pencil and watercolor, Franken with a great accuracy represents the portraits of inhabitants of Tbilisi and Caucasus. Two pencil drawings by Paul Franken are also preserved. In the pictures is depicted his wife Ellen Franken. Ellen Franken is known as a master of genre, especially portrait. In a specific literature ( Dictionary of Baltic Painters by V. Neumann) there are presented list of portraits by Ellen: Prince Liven, Civil Adviser Neumann. Several paintings are kept in the State Art Museum: Portrait of her husband Paul Franken, Portrait of Joseph Tarkhan-Mouravi and others. In the collection of Lasheva-Kolesnikova there were preserved two selfportraits. In one of the paintings dated 1848, is a signature of Ellen Köber. In the picture is depicted a young woman with sharp, tempter gaze. Expression of the face reveals her restless nature. Seeing this face you can feel that, her mood can change dramatically depending on her thoughts and emotions. Neutral background and the figure in its center promote a deep understanding of the portrait. The second self-portrait dated 1851, is signed by Ellen Franken. At that time, 26 years old painter was already married to Paul Franken. Portrait depicts a beautiful young woman, with an attractive oval face. She is inclined. High opened forehead, thick dark eyebrows and large smart curious eyes form vigilant intelligent face of artist. Gentle chin and sensitive lips reveals her passionate nature. It feels a rare elegancy in each detail of hair, dress, lace, earrings. In one hand she holds a canvas; thereto she is leaning on this canvas with her right hand. Spiritual calm and balance feels from her entire nature. In the background of the portrait is painted plants and open veranda with balustrade, from where is seen a lake and the mountains. It feels the celebration mood in the whole picture. The portrait is painted with watercolor and pastels. Ellen Franken s another self-portrait (colored lithography) represents an old painter. Simple garment and black chachi (cap), which partially covers the hair, emphasizes the significant age. Wrinkles between the eyebrows, flabby, but firmly compressed lips and expressive gaze shows the imperative nature of the experienced face. 27

It is perfectly painted with watercolor and pastel, a portrait of a woman sitting in an armchair (Anastasia Gann s property), whose face imprints her inner mood. Apparently, the painter was awarded by an outstanding talent to precisely represent human s spiritual world. Masterfully drawn details of hair, dress and lace give lightness to her figure and reliable elegance to the whole appearance. It is skillfully painted the wooden back and leather texture of an armchair. Portrait A Young Woman painted with technique of sepia is also fulfilled in an excellent manner. Proudly restrained, gaze directed so far, firmly compressed thin lips, petty eyebrows reveal her arrogant character and inner strength and energies. (The owner was Anastasia Gann). Uncompleted drawing Painter s Portrait (the owner - L. Vachnadze) is also a very interesting one. In the picture, there is only wishing tree finished. A young blue-eyed man looks down with an attentive gaze. The whole his habit shows his mind and intellect. The lightening is skillfully used; the portrait is painted with watercolor. The portrait Young Man in a Black Suit is distinguished with psychological nuances. The man is represented in half-profile, longish face, long nose, thin lips, dimple chin and eyes reveal his pedantic character. The portrait is painted with watercolor and is in private property. The date of painting is not notated none of the works by Ellen Franken, except above mentioned two self-portraits. Both painters had a long creative path and left the richest heritage to the future generation. Unfortunately, Frankens creative work is not well-known for the public society. Their works are dispersed in many European countries and because of that, it is incredible to gather them for public inspection. Some of them need urgent restoration. The main aim of this publication is to preserve the creative work of the famous painters Paul and Ellen Frankens. We want to pay the modern art-lovers attention to Frankens creations and try fostering an interest of the different institutions and organizations collecting, learning and popularizing art creations. The painters, dedicated all their works to Caucasus and particularly Georgia, really deserve our respect and attention. Malkhas Ebralidze 28

elene frankeni. gaiane meliqisvilis portreti. 1854, qaraldi, pasteli. zoma: 49,5X50 sm. saqartvelos erovnuli muzeumi Ellen Franken. Portrait of Gaiane Melikishvili 1854, paper, pastel. Size: 49,5x50 cm. Georgian National Museum. 29

e. fiseri. paul frankenis portreti. 1845, antverpeni. qaraldi, fanqari. E. Fisher. Portrait of Paul Franken. 1845, Antwerp. Paper, pencil. 30

elene frankeni. axalgazrda mamakaci witeli halstuxit. qaraldi, akvareli. Ellen Franken. Young man with a red tie. Paper, watercolor. 31

ioane ludvig hainrix molleri. vladimer Teodores Ze adlerbergis (1791-1884) portreti. qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 36X45sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. 32 Johannes Ludwig Heinrich Moeller. Portrait of Vladimir Theodor Adlerberg(1791-1884). Paper, watercolor. Size: 36x45 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi.

elene frankeni. axalgazrda mamakaci Sav kostiumsi. qaraldi, akvareli. Ellen Franken. A young man in a black suit. Paper, watercolor. 33

elene frankeni. ioseb Tarxan-mouravis portreti. 1856, qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 28X22 sm. saqartvelos erovnuli muzeumi. Ellen Franken. Portrait of Josef Tarkhan-Mouravi. 1856, paper, watercolor.size: 28x22 cm. Georgian National Museum. 34

elene frankeni. barbare TumaniSvilis portreti. 1856, qaraldi, akvareli, TeTra, zoma: 36X21 sm. saqartvelos erovnuli muzeumi Ellen Franken. Portrait of Barbare Tumanishvili. 1856, paper, watercolor. Size: 36x21 cm. Georgian National Museum. 35

elene frankeni. avtoportreti. feradi litografia Ellen Franken. Self-portrait. Colored lithography. 36

elene frankeni. paul frankenis portreti. tilo, zeti. zoma: 54X43 sm. saqartvelos erovnuli muzeumi Ellen Franken. Portrait of Paul Franken. Canvas, oil. Size: 54x43 cm. Georgian National Museum. 37

novradi (?) ucnobi samxedro piris portreti. qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 13X17 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Novradi (?) Portrait of unknown military person. Paper, watercolor. Size: 13x17 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 38

elene frankeni. ucnobi mamakacis portreti. muyao, akvareli. zoma: 30X22 sm. kerzo koleqcia Ellen Franken. Portrait of unknown man. Carton, watercolor. Size: 30x22 cm. Private collection. 39

eduard hau (?) ucnobi qalbatonis portreti. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 20X15 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxle. Edward Hau (?) Portrait of unknown woman. Paper, watercolor. Size: 20x15 cm. Dadiani Palace of Zugdidi. 40

eduard hau. ucnobi qalbatonis portreti. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 22X17 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxle Edward Hau. Portrait of unknown woman. Paper, watercolor. Size: 22x17 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 41

eduard hau (?) meri adlerbergis portreti. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 23X28,5 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxle Edward Hau (?) Portrait of Mary Adlerberg. 1887. Paper, watercolor. Size: 23x28,5 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 42

vladimer hau. meri adlerbergis portreti. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 23X28,5 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxle Vladimir Hau. Portrait of Mary Adlerberg. Paper, watercolor. Size: 23x28,5 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 43

georg vilhem timmi. tukum begi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 24X18 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Georg Wilhelm Timm. Tukum Beg. Paper, watercolor. Size: 24x18 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 44

georg vilhem timmi. rusi kazaki. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 24X18 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Georg Wilhelm Timm. A Russian Cossack. Paper, watercolor. Size: 24x18 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 45

georg vilhem timmi (?) ibraim xan jeigutineli. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 22X29 sm. (jeigutini Tanamedrove yaracaevo-cerqezetis ert-erti raioni). zugdidis dadianebis sasaxle. Georg Wilhelm Timm (?) Ibrahim Khan Jegutineli. Paper, watercolor. Size: 22x29 cm. (Jegutin is a district of modern Karachay-Cherkessia). Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 46

georg vilhem timmi (?) iusuf beg kurinski. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 31X39 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxle Georg Wilhelm Timm (?) Yusuf Beg Kurinsky. Paper, watercolor. Size: 31x39 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 47

georg vilhem timmi (?) iusuf beg kurinski. detali. Georg Wilhelm Timm (?) Yusuf Beg Kurinsky. Detail. 48

franc kriugeri. yubanis meore polkis kazaki danilo pribitkovi. qaraldi. zoma: 38,5X28 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxle Franz Kruger. Danilo Pribitkov, a Cossack of Kuban second regiment. Paper, watercolor. Size: 38,5x28 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 49

franc kriugeri. sunjis polkis kazaki Teodor averdovi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 23X32 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxle. (sunja Tanamedrove CeCneTis ert-erti raioni) Franz Kruger. A Cossack of Sunja regiment. Paper, watercolor. Size: 23x32 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. ( Sunja is one of the regions of modern Chechnya) 50

Teodor averdovi. detali Franz Kruger. Theodor Averdov, a Cossack of Sunja regiment. Detail. 51

franc kriugeri. meore labinis polkis kazaki andrei kovalevi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 38,5X28 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxle Franz Kruger. Andrey Kovalev, a Cossack of the Labin second regiment. Paper, watercolor. Size: 38,5x28 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 52

andrei kovalevi. detali Andrey Kovalev. Detail. 53

franc kriugeri. meore xoperis polkis uriadniki andrei kalausini. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 38,5X28 sm. dadianebis sasaxle. (xoperi Tanamedrove voronejis ert-erti raioni) Franz kruger. Andrey Kalaushin, a sergeant of the Khoper second regiment. Paper, watercolor. Size: 38,5x28 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. (Khoper is one of the regions of modern Voronezh). 54

andrei kalausini. detali Andrey Kalaushin. Detail. 55

franc kriugeri. meore yubanis polkis uriadniki ivane kurunini.qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 23X32 sm. dadianebis sasaxle. (labinski-krasnodaris mxaris ert-erti qalaqi) Franz Kruger. Ivan Kurunin, a sergeant of the Kuban second regiment. Paper, watercolor. Size: 23x32 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. (Labinsk is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia). 56

franc kriugeri. meore volgis polkis kazaki gabriel cibizevi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 23X32 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxle. Franz Kruger. Gabriel Tsibizev, a Cossack of the Volga second regiment. Paper, watercolor. Size: 23x32 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 57

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paul frankeni. baniani saxli Tbilisis fonze. tilo, zeti. 1856 w. zoma: 95X175 sm. dimitri cucqirizis koleqcia. Paul Franken. A house with Tbilisi in the background. Canvas, oil. 1856. Size: 95x175 cm. Collection of Dimitri Tsutskiridze. 59

paul frankeni. Zveli Tbilisi. tilo, zeti. zoma: 131X132 sm. saqartvelos erovnuli muzeumi. Paul Franken. An old Tbilisi. Canvas, oil. Size: 131x132 cm. Georgian National Museum. paul frankeni. Zveli Tbilisi. detali. Paul Franken. An old Tbilisi. Detail. 60

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paul frankeni. Zveli Tbilisi. tilo, zeti. zoma: 85X119 sm. arcil gelovanis koleqcia Paul Franken. An old Tbilisi. Canvas, oil. Size: 85x119 cm. Collection of Archil Gelovani. 62

paul frankeni Zveli Tbilisi (meore varianti) tilo, zeti. Paul Franken An Old Tbilisi (The second version) Canvas, oil 63

paul frankeni. Tbilisis xedi mdinare mtkvridan. tilo, keramika. zoma: 52,1X81,3 sm. arcil gelovanis koleqcia. Paul Franken. Tbilisi view from the side of the River Kura. Canvas, ceramics. Size: 52,1x81,3 cm. Collection of Archil Gelovani. 64

paul frankeni. saqartvelos mtianeti. tilo, zeti. zoma: 47,5X66 sm. arcil gelovanis koleqcia. Paul Franken. A Highland of Georgia. Canvas, oil. Size: 47,5x66 cm. Collection of Archil Gelovani. 65

paul frankeni nadiroba mdinaresi tilo, zeti. Paul Franken Hunting in the River Canvas, oil 66

paul frankeni. mdinare rionis midamoebsi. tilo, zeti. zoma: 133X223 sm. saqartvelos erovnuli muzeumi. Paul Franken. Surroundings of river Rioni. Canvas, oil. Size: 133x223 cm. Georgian National Museum. 67

paul frankeni. Tbilisis aoxreba sparselebis mier. tilo, zeti. zoma: 54X80 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. Devastation of Tbilisi by Persians. Canvas, oil. Size: 54x80 cm. Private collection. 68

paul frankeni. mtis peizaji. tilo, zeti. zoma: 50X75 sm. saqartvelos erovnuli muzeumi. Paul Franken. A Mountain Landscape. Canvas, oil. Size: 50x75 cm. Georgian National Museum. 69

paul frankeni. qarvasla. tilo, zeti. zoma: 34X60 sm. saqartvelos erovnuli muzeumi. Paul Franken. Caravansary. Canvas, oil. Size: 34x60 cm. Georgian National Museum. 70

paul frankeni auli kavkasiis mtianetsi tilo, zeti. Paul Franken The Village in the Caucasus Highlands Canvas, oil 71

paul frankeni. Savi zrvis xedi. tilo, zeti. 1854, zoma: 47X68 sm. kerzo koleqcia. Paul Franken. The Black Sea view. Canvas, oil. 1854. Size: 47x68 cm. Private collection. 72

paul frankeni. mxedari kavkasiis mtebis fonze. 1854, tilo, zeti. zoma: 44X63 sm. kerzo koleqcia. Paul Franken. A warrior with the Caucasus in the background. 1854. Canvas, oil. Size: 44x63 cm. Private collection. 73

paul frankeni. kavkasia 1864, tilo, zeti. zoma: 30X22 sm. Paul Franken. The Caucasus 1864. Canvas, oil. Size: 30x22 cm. 74

paul frankeni. kavkasiuri peizaji. muyao, zeti. zoma: 30X22 sm. Tamar gagosizis koleqcia Paul Franken. The Caucasus Landscape. Cardboard, oil. Size: 30x22 cm. Collection of Tamar Gagoshidze. 75

paul frankeni. qarisxali zrvaze. tilo, zeti. zoma: 52X72 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. A Storm. Canvas, oil. Size: 52x72 cm. Private collection. 76

paul frankeni auli kavkasiis mtianetsi tilo, zeti. Paul Franken The Village in the Caucasus Highlands Canvas, oil 77

paul frankeni. Tbilisi mtvaris Suqze. 1867. tilo, zeti. zoma: 81,5X110 sm. kerzo koleqcia. Paul Franken. Tbilisi in the moonlight. 1867. Canvas, oil. Size: 81,5x110 cm. Private collection. 78

paul frankeni. qalwulis koski baqosi. 1880. tilo, zeti. zoma: 74,5X111 sm. kerzo koleqcia. Paul Franken. The Maiden tower in Baku. 1880. Canvas, oil. Size: 74,5x111 cm. Private collection. 79

paul frankeni. Tbilisis xedi mdinare mtkvridan. 1880. tilo, zeti. zoma: 64X82,5 sm. duseldorfis muzeumi. Paul Franken. Tbilisi view from the side of the River Kura. 1880. Canvas, oil. Size: 64x82,5 cm. Dusseldorf Museum. 80

paul frankeni. Savi zrvis sanapiroze. 1852. tilo, zeti. zoma: 95X124,5 sm. kerzo koleqcia. Paul Franken. The Black sea coast. 1852. Canvas, oil. Size: 95x124,5 cm. Private collection. 81

paul frankeni. Sesveneba mdinarestan. tilo, zeti. zoma: 76,5X115.5 sm. kerzo koleqcia. SvedeTi Paul Franken. Break at a river. Canvas, oil. Size: 76,5x115,5 cm. Private collection. Sweden. 82

paul frankeni. kavkasiuri peizaji. 1866. tilo, zeti. zoma: 38,5X56 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. The Caucasus landscape. 1866. Canvas, oil. Size: 38,5x56 cm. Private collection. 83

paul frankeni. sofeli alpebsi. muyao, zeti. zoma: 51X24 sm. kerzo koleqcia 84

Paul Franken. A village in the Alps. Cardboard, oil. Size: 51x24 cm. Private collection. 85

paul frankeni. xeebi xeobis Tavze. qaraldi, zeti. zoma: 60X48 sm. kerzo koleqcia. Paul Franken. Trees and a valley. Paper, oil. Size: 60x48 cm. Private collection. 86

paul frankeni. Txebi kavkasiis mtebsi. tilo, zeti. zoma: 50X66 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. Goats in the Caucasus mountains. Canvas, oil. Size: 50x 66 cm. Private collection. 87

adalbert vaageni. samefo tba germaniasi (Königsee) tilo, zeti. zoma: 66,5X52 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebis koleqcia. Adalbert Waagen. The Royal Lake in Germany (Königsee) Canvas, oil. Size: 66,5x52 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 88

iosef Toma. saxli alpebis mtebsi. tilo, zeti. zoma: 103X68 sm. saqartvelos xelovnebis sasaxle. Joseph Thomas. A house in the Alps. Canvas, oil. Size: 103x68 cm. Georgian Art Palace. 89

adolf ladiurneri. sajinibo Tbilisis axlos. keramika. zoma: 23X32,5. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Adolphe Ladurner. A stable near Tbilisi. Ceramics. Size: 23x32,5 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. adolf ladiurneri. sajinibo Tbilisis axlos. detali. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Adolphe Ladurner. A stable near Tbilisi. Detail. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 90

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fridrix frisi. satvaltvalo koskura. qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 45X36 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi Frederic Frisch. An Observation post. Paper, watercolor. Size: 45x36 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 92

fridrix frisi. kazakebi dazvervaze. qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 41,5X36,5 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Cossacks in the secret service. Paper, watercolor. Size: 41,5x36,5 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 93

paul frankeni. Tbilisi avlabris meceti. m. ulfersis litografia. zoma: 21X15 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. Avlabari Mosque in Tbilisi. Lithography by M. Ulfers. Size: 21x15 cm. Private collection. 94

fridrix frisi (?) cxenosnebi. qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 11,5X14 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Friedrich Frisch (?) Horse riders. Paper, watercolor. Size: 11,5x14 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 95

fridrix frisi. stanica urupskaia. tilo, zeti. zoma: 149X206 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Village of Urupskaya. Canvas, oil. Size: 149x206 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 96

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fridrix frisi. imperatori aleqsandre meore amalastan ertad kavkasiasi mogzaurobis dros. tilo, zeti. zoma: 162X237 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. The Emperor Alexander II with the retinue during his journey in the Caucasus. Oil. Size: 162x237 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 98

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fridrix frisi. imperatori kavkasiasi mogzaurobis dros. detali Friedrich Frisch The Emperor during his journey around the Caucasus Detail fridrix frisi. osuri sasaflao larsisken mimaval gzaze. qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 35X50 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Osetian cemetery on the way of Lars. Paper, watercolor. Size: 35x50 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 101

fridrix frisi. cecxltayvanismcemelta tazari baqos axlos. qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 35,5X50 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A Fire worship church near Baku. Paper, watercolor. Size: 35,5x50 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 102

fridrix frisi. cecxltayvanismcemelta tazari baqos axlos. qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 31X46 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A Fire worship church near Baku. Paper, watercolor. Size: 31x46 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 103

fridrix frisi. Sesvla TbilisSi (veris jvartan), 24 seqtemberi. qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 36X54 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Entering in Tbilisi. (Near the cross of Vera, district of Tbilisi). 24 September. Paper, watercolor. Size: 36x54 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zudidi. 104

fridrix frisi. gza ecmiazinsi. 5 oqtomberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 30X49sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. On the way of the Etchmiadzin Cathedral. 5 October. Paper, watercolor. Size: 30x49 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 105

fridrix frisi. mozdokis stepi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 25X33,5 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A Steppe of Mozdok. Paper, watercolor. Size: 25x33,5 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi 106

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fridrix frisi. Tbilisi, mefisnacvlis sasaxle. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 38X22 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Tbilisi, Viceroy Palace. Paper, watercolor. Size: 38x22 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 108

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fridrix frisi. gori, qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 32X49 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Gori. Paper, watercolor. Size: 32x49 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. fridrix frisi. gori. detali Frederic Frisch. Gori. Detail. 110

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fridrix frisi. sadguri fasanauri saqartvelos samxedro gzaze. 24 seqtemberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 30X48 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A station on a military way of Pasanauri, Georgia. 24 September. Paper, watercolor. Size: 30x48 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 112

fridrix frisi. Cervlennaias sadguri, Ramis gasatevi. (Tanamedrove CeCneTi) 23 oqtomberi. 1810. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 34X50 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A station in Chervlennaya, lodging. (Modern Chechnya) 23 October. 1810. Paper, watercolor. Size: 34x50 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 113

fridrix frisi. xedi kavkasiis qedze vladikavkazidan, 23 seqtemberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 33,7X50 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. The Caucasus view from Vladikavkaz. (Modern Krasnodar). Paper, watercolor. Size: 33,7x50 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 114

fridrix frisi. stanica pavlovskaia. (Tanamedrove krasnodaris mxare) qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 27,5X 43 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A village of Pavlovskaya. (Modern Krasnodar). Paper, watercolor. Size: 27,5x43 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 115

fridrix frisi. navtobis WaburRili groznosa da umakoi iurtas Soris. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 31X47,5 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. An Oiler between Grozny and Umakoi Yurt. Paper, watercolor. Size: 31x47,5 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 116

fridrix frisi. stanica temijbeksakaia (Tanamedrove krasnodaris mxare), Ramis gasatevi, 17 seqtemberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 31X47 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A village of Temizhbekskaya, lodging. (Modern Krasnodar). 17 September. Paper, watercolor. Size: 31x47 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 117

fridrix frisi. axalqalaqi. Ramis gasatevi, 3 oqtomberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 33X49 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Akhalkalaki, lodging. 3 October. Paper, watercolor. Size: 33x49 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 118

fridrix frisi. auli geli (Tanamedrove darestani) Ramis gasatevi, 18 oqtomberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 36X47,5 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Aulis Geli, lodging (Modern Dagestan). 18 October. Paper, watercolor. Size: 36x47,5 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 119

fridrix frisi. yaranais simarleebi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 34X50 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Highlands of Karanai. Paper, watercolor. Size: 34x50 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 120

fridrix frisi. derbendis midamoebi, qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 36X49 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Surroundings of Derbent. Paper, watercolor. Size: 36x49 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 121

fridrix frisi. ecmiazini. 5 oqtomberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 33X44,5 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Etchmiadzin Cathedral. 5 October. Paper, watercolor. Size: 33x44,5 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 122

fridrix frisi. gza elizavetopolidan (Tanamedrove ganja) SemaxaSi. 12 oqtomberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 47X31 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A way from Elizavetopol (Modern Ganja) to Shemakha. 12 October. Paper, watercolor Size: 47x31 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 123

fridrix frisi. sadguri gipisi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 31X48 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. The Gipis Station. Paper, watercolor. Size: 31x48 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 124

fridrix frisi. didi mcire da ararati. 10 oqtomberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 30,5X47 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi Frederic Frisch. The Greater and the Lesser Ararat. 10 October. Paper, watercolor. Size: 30,5x47 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 125

fridrix frisi. mogzauroba SavizRvispireTSi. 14 seqtemberi. 1850. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 34X49 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Voyage in the Black Sea beach. 14 September. 1850. Paper, watercolor. Size: 34x49 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 126

fridrix frisi. gacileba etlit CervlennaiaSi. 24 oqtomberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 36X50,8 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Seeing off to Chervlennaya by a cab. 24 October. Paper, watercolor. Size: 36x50,8 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 127

fridrix frisi. gamagreba sadgur labinskoistan (Tanamedrove krasnodaris mxare) Ramis gasatevi. 16 seqtemberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 33X50 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Consolidation at the station of Labinsky (Modern Krasnodar), lodging. 16 September. Paper, watercolor. Size: 30x50 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 128

fridrix frisi. dabruneba yaranaidan iskartsi. 20 noemberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 30X48 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Returning from Karanai to Ishkart. 20 November. Paper, watercolor. Size: 30x48 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 129

fridrix frisi. Ciri-iurti. Rame 21 oqtomberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 37X48 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Chiri-Yurt. 21 October. Paper, watercolor. Size: 37x48 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 130

fridrix frisi. groznos simagre, general ermolovis miwuri. zoma: 30X47 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A Fortress of Grozno. Mud-hut of General Ermolov. Size: 30x47 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 131

fridrix frisi. duqani Tbilissa da gors Soris. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 32,5X49 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A tavern between Tbilisi and Gori. Paper, watercolor. Size: 32,5x49 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 132

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fridrix frisi. aleqsandropoli (Tanamedrove giumri). Ramis gasatevi. 4 oqtomberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 32,5X49 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Alexandropol (Modern Giumr), lodging. 4 October. Paper, watercolor. Size: 32,5x49 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 134

fridrix frisi. darialis xeoba. qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 35X49 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Dariali Valley. Paper, watercolor. Size: 35x49 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 135

fridrix frisi. Sejibri tfilissi. 27 seqtemberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 34X47,5 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A competition in Tbilisi. 27 September. Paper, watercolor. Size: 34x47,5 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 136

fridrix frisi. Sejibri tfilissi. 27 seqtemberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 38X49 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. A competition in Tbilisi. 27 September. Paper, watercolor. Size: 38x49 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 137

fridrix frisi. Cikarti. 20 oqtomberi qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 36X52 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Friederich Frish. Chikart. 20 October. Paper, watercolor. Size: 36x52 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 138

fridrix frisi. sadguri belogorskaia. Rameebi 29 seqtemberidan 1 oqtombramde. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 30X48 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Frederic Frisch. Belogorskaya station. Knights from 29 September to 1 October. Paper, watercolor. Size: 30x48 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 139

georg vilhem timmi. baqo. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 14,5X45,5 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Georg Wilhelm Timm. Baku. Paper, watercolor. Size: 14,5x45,5 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 140

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georg vilhem timmi. Temir xan Sura. Ramis gasatevi. 19-20 noemberi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 24X15,5 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Georg Wilhelm Timm. Temir Khan Shura, lodging. 19-20 November. Paper, watercolor. Size: 24x15,5 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 142

georg vilhem timmi. didi quca SemaxaSi. qaraldi. akvareli. zoma: 43X29 sm. zugdidis dadianebis sasaxleebi. Georg Wilhelm Timm. A long street in Shemakha. Paper, watercolor. Size: 43x29 cm. Dadiani Palaces of Zugdidi. 143

144 rihard zomeri musulmanta ojaxi muyao, fanqari, akvareli. zoma: 30,5X21,5 sm. arcil gelovanis koleqcia Richard Zommer Caucasians, Muslims Family Paper, watercolor, size: 30,5x21,5 cm. Archil Gelovani Collection

rihard zomeri gurulebis ojaxi muyao, fanqari, akvareli. zoma: 22,6X30,7 sm. arcil gelovanis koleqcia Richard Zommer Georgians Paper, watercolor, size: 22,6x30,7 cm. Archil Gelovani Collection 145

146

elene frankeni. elenes sacxovrebeli saxlis, misarebi otaxis interieri mitavasi. qaraldi, akvareli. zoma: 30X23 sm. kerzo koleqcia Ellen Franken. Interior of a living room. Ellen s house in Mitava. Paper, watercolor. Size: 30x23 cm. Private collection. 147

paul frankeni. Tbilisi. sameurneo WurWlis saxelosno. qaraldi, fanqari, akvareli. zoma: 42X31sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. Tbilisi, a workshop. Paper, pencil, watercolor. Size: 42x31 cm. Private collection. 148

paul frankeni. Tbilisi. ert-erti kutxe mtkvris marcxena sanapiroze. qaraldi, fanqari, akvareli. zoma: 42X31 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. Tbilisi, the left bank of the River Kura. Paper, pencil, watercolor. Size: 42x31 cm. Private collection. 149

elene frankeni. Zveli Tbilisi, sololakis kutxe. 1855. muyao, fanqari, akvareli. zoma: 30X40 sm. saqartvelos erovnuli muzeumi. Ellen Franken. An old Tbilisi, Sololaki corner. 1855. Carton, pencil watercolor. Size: 30x40 cm. Georgian National Museum. 150

paul frankeni. Tbilisi. kutxe alvis xeebit. qaraldi, fanqari, akvareli. zoma: 42X32 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. Tbilisi. Corner of poplar trees. Paper, pencil, watercolor. Size: 42x32 cm. Private collection. 151

paul frankeni. Tbilisi. Tbiliuri saxlebi. qaraldi, fanqari, akvareli. zoma: 42X32 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. Houses in Tbilisi. Paper, pencil, watercolor. Size: 42x32 cm. Private collection. 152

paul frankeni. Tbilisi. qartli. kalo. qaraldi, fanqari, akvareli. zoma: 42X31 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. Tbilisi. Qartli (Region of Georgia), Kalo (Cereals threshing place). Paper, pencil, watercolor. Size: 42x31 cm. Private collection. 153

paul frankeni. Tbilisis gareubani. qaraldi, fanqari, akvareli. zoma: 42X31 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. An outskirt of Tbilisi. Paper, pencil, watercolor. Size: 42x31 cm. Private collection. 154

paul frankeni. kavkasiuri saxli. qaraldi, fanqari, pasteli. zoma: 20X31,5 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. A Caucasian house. Paper, pencil, watercolor. Size: 20x31,5 cm. Private collection. 155

elene frankeni. Zveli Tbilisi. nariyala da metexi. 1854. muyao, fanqari, akvareli. zoma: 31X41 sm. saqartvelos erovnuli muzeumi. Ellen Franken. An old Tbilisi, Narikhala and Metekhi. 1854. Cardboard, pencil, watercolor. Size: 31x41 cm. Georgian National Museum. 156

paul frankeni. cxenebi. qaraldi, fanqari. zoma: 22X27 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. Horses. Paper, pencil. Size: 22x27 cm. Private collection. 157

paul frankeni. qaris wisqvili. qaraldi, fanqari. zoma: 27X23 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. A windmill. Paper, pencil. Size: 27x 23cm. Private collection. 158

paul frankeni. wisqvili wylis piras. qaraldi, fanqari. zoma: 21X32 sm. kerzo koleqcia Paul Franken. A mill at the bank of a river. Paper, pencil. Size: 21x32 cm. Private collection. 159