ΤΕΧΝΙΚΗ ΟΡΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗ

ΤΕΧΝΙΚΗ ΟΡΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗ ΑΛΤΙΝΗ ΑΓΑΠΗ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΒΙΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΟΥ ΣΧΕΔΙΑΣΜΟΥ i

Άδειες Χρήσης Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό υπόκειται σε άδειες χρήσης Creative Commons. Για εκπαιδευτικό υλικό, όπως εικόνες, που υπόκειται σε άλλου τύπου άδειας χρήσης, η άδεια χρήσης αναφέρεται ρητώς. Χρηματοδότηση Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί στα πλαίσια του εκπαιδευτικού έργου του διδάσκοντα. Το έργο «Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα στο TEI Δυτικής Μακεδονίας και στην Ανώτατη Εκκλησιαστική Ακαδημία Θεσσαλονίκης» έχει χρηματοδοτήσει μόνο τη αναδιαμόρφωση του εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Το έργο υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος «Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» και συγχρηματοδοτείται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) και από εθνικούς πόρους. ii

Table Of Contents. Σκοποί ενότητας.... 9 Part I Units....10 1. Unit. Industrial Design....10 1.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE....10 1.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE....11 1.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE....12 1.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE....13 1.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR....15 1.6 GLOSSARY_1...16 1.7 GLOSSARY....17 2. UNIT 2. ELEMENTS & PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN...18 2.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE....18 2.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE....19 2.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE....21 2.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE....22 2.5 Practising grammar....25 2.6 GLOSSARY....26 3. UNIT 3. Materials I: Metals...27 3.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE...27 3.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE....28 3.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE....29 3.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE....30 3.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR....33 3.6 GLOSSARY_1...34 4. UNIT 4. Materials II: Plastics....36 4.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE....36 4.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE....37 4.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE....38 4.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE....39 4.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR: 1st Conditional....44 4.6 GLOSSARY....45 5. Unit 5. Computer-Aided Design (CAD)...47 5.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE....47 5.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE....49 5.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE....50 5.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE....51 5.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR: Infinitives & gerunds....55 5.6 GLOSSARY....56 6. Unit 7 3D Modelling....58 6.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE....58 6.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE....59 6.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE....60 6.4 Expanding language....62 6.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR: Relative clauses....64 6.6 GLOSSARY....65 7. Unit 7 Prototyping....66 iii

7.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE....66 7.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE....68 7.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE....69 7.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE....70 7.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR:PASSIVE VOICE....73 7.6 GLOSSARY....75 8. Unit 8 Brand Identity & Iconic Design....76 8.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE....76 8.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE....78 8.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE....79 8.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE....80 8.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR....86 8.6 GLOSSARY....87 9. Unit 9 Manufacturing processes....88 9.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE....88 9.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE....90 9.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE....91 9.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE....93 9.5 GLOSSARY....96 Part II:Grammar Section....97 10. Tenses....97 10.1 SIMPLE PRESENT....97 10.2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS....98 10.3 SIMPLE FUTURE....99 10.4 GOING TO FUTURE.... 100 10.5 D.SIMPLE PAST.... 100 10.6 SIMPLE PAST OF THE VERB TO BE... 101 11. COMPARISONS.... 102 12. RELATIVE CLAUSES.... 104 13. PASSIVE VOICE.... 106 14. INFINITIVES & GERUNDS.... 107 15. PARTICIPLES.... 108 16. LINKING DEVICES.... 109 17. IRREGULAR VERBS.... 111 18. GRAMMAR PRACTICE.... 114 18.1 REVISION OF TENSES.... 114 18.2 COMPARISONS.... 118 18.3 RELATIVE CLAUSES.... 121 18.4 PASSIVE VOICE.... 123 19. References.... 125 20. Σημείωμα Αναφοράς.... 125 21. Σημείωμα Αδειοδότησης.... 125 22. Διατήρηση Σημειωμάτων.... 126 23. Σημείωμα Χρήσης Έργων Τρίτων.... 126 Contents of Image. Figure 1 Industrial Design...10 iv

Figure 2 Developing language (2)....11 Figure 3 Reading comprehension....11 Figure 4 Gap filling- Practice Form....12 Figure 5 Gap filling- Practice Form....12 Figure 6 Match the words below with their synonyms...13 Figure 7 Matching words (with what they design) Practice Form....13 Figure 8 Matching processes with definitions- Practice Form....14 Figure 9 Τhe appropriate form of Simple Present...15 Figure 10 Gap filling - Practice Form....15 Figure 11 Gap filling : S.Present and S.Past- Practice Form...16 Figure 12 Glossary_1....16 Figure 13 Developing language....18 Figure 14 Developing language...19 Figure 15 Understanding information....19 Figure 16 Filling which are ELEMENTS and which are PRINCIPLES - Practice Form....20 Figure 17 Fill in the diagrams below - Practice Form....20 Figure 18 Choose the correct item for the sentences - Practice Form....21 Figure 19 Filling in information -Practice Form....21 Figure 20 Which elements or principles the words below are related to -Practice Form....22 Figure 21 Choosing from the list -Practice Form....22 Figure 22 Fill in the missing derivatives- Practice Form....23 Figure 23 Fill in with the deriving adjectives - Practice Form...23 Figure 24 Choose the correct item in the brackets - Practice Form...24 Figure 25 Fill in the appropriate prepositions- Practice Form....25 Figure 26 Developing language (1)...27 Figure 27 Developing language (2)...28 Figure 28. Choose the correct answer- Practice Form....28 Figure 29 Fill in the blanks- Practice Form....29 Figure 30 Choose the correct word-practice Form....30 Figure 31. Matching terms with definitions - Practice Form....30 Figure 32 Fill in the table- Practice Form....31 Figure 33. Write the opposites- Practice Form....31 Figure 34 Write definitions- Practice Form....32 Figure 35 Write sentences- Practice Form....32 Figure 36. Write the correct form- Practice Form....33 Figure 37. Make observations- Practice Form....33 Figure 38 Developing language (1)...36 Figure 39 Developing language (2)...37 Figure 40 Scanning/ understanding language....37 Figure 41 Matching words (synonyms) (synonyms) Practice Form....38 Figure 42 Filling in information Practice Form....39 Figure 43 Match the acronyms Practice Form....39 Figure 44 Read and write a short paragraph Practice Form....41 Figure 45 Filling in information Practice Form....41 Figure 46 Producing short paragraphs Practice Form....42 Figure 47 Text comprehension Practice Form....43 Figure 48 Match the two columns Practice Form....44 Figure 49. Write observations- Practice Form....44 v

Figure 50 Developing language (1)...47 Figure 51 Developing language (2)...48 Figure 52 Read the text and choose the correct Practice Form....50 Figure 53 Picture labelling....50 Figure 54 Fill in the table Practice Form....51 Figure 55 Match the words Practice Form....51 Figure 56 Matching items (synonyms) Practice Form....53 Figure 57 Match the terms - Practice Form....54 Figure 58 Matching information - Practice Form....55 Figure 59 Glossary 3....57 Figure 60 Developing language (1)...58 Figure 61 Developing language (2)...59 Figure 62 Choosing the correct information Practice Form....59 Figure 63 Fill in the missing words Practice Form....60 Figure 64 Choose the appropriate Practice Form....61 Figure 65 Filling in the correct items Practice Form....62 Figure 66. Fill in the sentences Practice Form....64 Figure 67 Join the sentences Practice Form....64 Figure 68 Developing language Practice Form....66 Figure 69 Developing language (2)...67 Figure 70 Developing language (2)...68 Figure 71 Fill in the missing words Practice Form....69 Figure 72 Choose the correct word Practice Form....69 Figure 73 Match the items Practice Form....70 Figure 74 Fill in the sentences Practice Form....71 Figure 75 Gap filling Practice Form....71 Figure 76 Gap filling Practice Form....72 Figure 77 Fill in the gaps Practice Form....73 Figure 78 Filling in correct item:past Participle Practice Form....74 Figure 79 Developing language (1)...76 Figure 80 Developing language (2)...77 Figure 81 Developing language (2)...78 Figure 82 Fill in the missing words Practice Form....79 Figure 83.Fill in the missing words Practice Form....79 Figure 84. Fill in the table Practice Form....80 Figure 85 Write as many collocations Practice Form....81 Figure 86. Choose the appropriate Practice Form....82 Figure 87 Choose the appropriate Practice Form....83 Figure 88 Choose the appropriate Practice Form....84 Figure 89 Read the text and fill in Practice Form....85 Figure 90 Fill in the sentences Practice Form....86 Figure 91 Developing language (1)...88 Figure 92 Developing language (2)...89 Figure 93 Tick which are TRUE Practice Form....90 Figure 94 Choose which word is correct Practice Form....91 Figure 95 Filling in information Practice Form....92 Figure 96 Choose the appropriate Practice Form....92 Figure 97 Fill in the table Practice Form....93 vi

Figure 98 Matching devices with definition Practice Form....93 Figure 99 Fill in the correct word Practice Form....94 Figure 100 Read the paragraph below and fill in the missing information Practice Form...94 Figure 101. Simple Present....97 Figure 102. Key words...97 Figure 103. Present Continuous...98 Figure 104. Present Continuous_1....98 Figure 105 Key Words....99 Figure 106 Simple Future....99 Figure 107 Going to Future.... 100 Figure 108 Simple Past.... 100 Figure 109 Key Words.... 101 Figure 110 Simple Past of the verb to be.... 101 Figure 111 Comparative.... 102 Figure 112 Relative Clauses... 104 Figure 113 Passive Voice.... 106 Figure 114 Passive Voice: the verb to be.... 107 Figure 115 Infinitive.... 107 Figure 116 Participles... 108 Figure 117 Linking Devices -Adding ideas.... 109 Figure 118 Linking Devices -Contrasting ideas.... 109 Figure 119 Linking Devices -Effect.... 109 Figure 120 Linking Devices - Cause.... 110 Figure 121 Linking Devices - Result.... 110 Figure 122 Producing sentences... 115 Figure 123 Gap filling: correct tense... 116 Figure 124 Choosing the correct item... 117 Figure 125. Write the correct S. Past- Practice Form.... 118 Figure 126 Gap filling: S. Past... 118 Figure 127 Underline the correct item- Practice Form... 120 Figure 128 Choose the correct answer - Practice Form.... 120 Figure 129 Write sentences - Practice Form.... 121 Figure 130 Choosing the correct item: Relative Clauses Practice form.... 122 Figure 131 Choosing the correct item: Relative Clauses Practice form... 122 Figure 132 Choose the correct sentence - Practice Form.... 123 Figure 133 Rewriting sentences: Active to Passive - Practice Form... 124 Figure 134 Rewriting sentences: Passive Voice - Practice Form.... 124 Contents of Tables. Table 1 Μeaningful phrases choosing Form....14 Table 2 Glossary_2....17 Table 3 Match the lines with their use in design -Practice Form....23 Table 4 Fill in the the opposite words- Practice Form....25 Table 5. Glossary_1....26 Table 6. Glossary_2....26 Table 7 Glossary_1....34 Table 8. Glossary_2....35 Table 9. Glossary_3....35 vii

Table 10 Join the sentences with the appropriate Practice Form....40 Table 11 Tick off Practice Form....40 Table 12. Glossary....45 Table 13. Glossary 2....46 Table 14 Tick off Practice Form....49 Table 15 Filling in tables Practice Form....52 Table 16 Producing derivatives - Practice Form....56 Table 17 Glossary 2....57 Table 18. Fill in the table Practice Form...61 Table 19 Look at the pictures Practice Form....62 Table 20. Read the text and fill in the missing phrases Practice Form....63 Table 21 Glossary....65 Table 22 Producing derivatives Practice Form....70 Table 23 Reading tables filling in the correct item- Practice Form....72 Table 24 Reading tables - Practice Form...73 Table 25 Glossary....75 Table 26 Match the words Practice Form....80 Table 27 Analyze the participles Practice Form....86 Table 28 Glossary....87 Table 29 Match the words Practice Form....91 Table 30 Producing derivatives Practice Form....95 Table 31 Glossary....96 Table 34 Irregular adjectives and Adverbs... 103 Table 35 Irregular Verbs (1).... 111 Table 36 Irregular Verbs (2).... 112 Table 37 Irregular Verbs (3).... 113 Table 38 Revision of Tenses.... 114 Table 39 Writing the correct item: comparative and Superlative form.... 119 Table 40. Write the adverbs- Practice Form.... 119 Table 41 Writing sentences: Relative Clauses Practice form... 121 Table 42 Rewriting sentences: Passive Voice- Practice Form.... 123 Contents of diagrams. Diagram 1 Filling in diagrams- Practice Form....29 Diagram 2 Filling in diagrams Practice Form....38 Diagram 3 Filling in diagrams Practice Form....49 Diagram 4 Filling in diagrams Practice Form....60 Diagram 5. Fill in the diagram-practice Form....68 Diagram 6 Filling in diagrams Practice Form....90 viii

Σκοποί ενότητας. The course aims at teaching students to: 1. Identify lexical, grammatical and discourse items in formal ESP written and listening texts. 2. Demonstrate comprehension of ESP linguistic structures in authentic texts by activating previously acquired knowledge of Mechanical Engineering topics. 3. Apply knowledge of the function of specific and specialized grammatical and lexical items in ESP texts in a variety of CALL-based exercises (e.g. filling in information in sentences, paragraphs, or larger and complicated ESP texts, matching information etc.). 4. Assess and use textual information by producing short texts (reports, descriptions, instructions, comparisons of processes/machines etc.). 5. Interpret and analyze information in diagrams, tables etc. 9

Part I Units. 1. Unit. Industrial Design. 1.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE. Figure 1 Industrial Design. Source: «http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/industrial_design»,adopted (13/05/2015). 10

Figure 2 Developing language (2). Source: http://www.idsa.org/what-is-industrial-design, (Adopted 13/05/2015). 1.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1.Check which of the statements are TRUE and which are FALSE. Figure 3 Reading comprehension. Exe 2. Choose the correct answer. Christopher Dresser is the first industrial (design / designer). 2. Industrial design focuses on the aesthetics and usability of (products / production). 3. Industrial design (studies / designs) function and form. 11

4. Industrial designers work together with other professionals to (control / identify) and fulfill customer needs. 5. Industrial designers use creative and analytical (processes / research). 6. (Computer-aided / Software) programmes are used for designing products. 1.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE. Exe 1.Fill in the missing words. Figure 4 Gap filling- Practice Form. Exe 2. Match the information below. Figure 5 Gap filling- Practice Form. 12

1.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Match the information below. Figure 6 Match the words below with their synonyms Source: Η διδάσκουσα Α. Αλτίνη. Exe 2. Match the specialist designers with what they design. Figure 7 Matching words (with what they design) Practice Form. Source: http://www.idsa.org/what-industrial-design-primer-beginners. 13

Exe 3. FILL IN THE TABLE WITH WORDS DERIVING FROM THOSE GIVEN ON THE LEFT. Figure 8 Matching processes with definitions- Practice Form. Exe 4. FILL IN THE GAPS IN THE TEXT BELOW WITH MEANINGFUL PHRASES CHOOSING FROM THOSE GIVEN. Table 1 Μeaningful phrases choosing Form. 14

1.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR. Exe 1.Fill in the paragraph below with the appropriate form of Simple Present. Figure 9 Τhe appropriate form of Simple Present. Source: http://www.idsa.org/8th-graders-ask-us-about-industrial-design Exe 2. Write the verbs in brackets in S. Past. Figure 10 Gap filling - Practice Form. 15

Exe 3. Fill in the sentences below with the correct form of either S. Present or S. Past. Figure 11 Gap filling : S.Present and S.Past- Practice Form. 1.6 GLOSSARY_1 Figure 12 Glossary_1. 16

1.7 GLOSSARY. Table 2 Glossary_2. 17

2. UNIT 2. ELEMENTS & PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN 2.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE. Figure 13 Developing language. Source:http://www.getty.edu/education/teachers/building_lessons/principles_design. pdf (Adopted 13/05/2015). 18

Figure 14 Developing language Source: http://www.johnlovett.com/test.htm and http://www.j6design.com.au/clientarea/6fundamentalprincipleofdesign (Adopted 13/05/2015). 2.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Tick off which of the statements below are true. Figure 15 Understanding information. 19

Exe 2. Tick off which are ELEMENTS and which are PRINCIPLES. Figure 16 Filling which are ELEMENTS and which are PRINCIPLES - Practice Form. Exe 3. Fill in the diagrams below. Figure 17 Fill in the diagrams below - Practice Form. 20

2.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Choose the correct item for the sentences below. Figure 18 Choose the correct item for the sentences - Practice Form. Exe 2. Match the elements with their description Figure 19 Filling in information -Practice Form. 21

Exe 3. Decide which elements or principles the words below are related to. Figure 20 Which elements or principles the words below are related to -Practice Form. 2.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Read the table below and label the shapes and lines choosing from the list. Figure 21 Choosing from the list -Practice Form. 22

Exe 2. Read the information in the table again and match the lines with their use in design. Table 3 Match the lines with their use in design -Practice Form. Exe 4. Fill in the table below with the missing derivatives (nouns or adjectives). Figure 22 Fill in the missing derivatives- Practice Form. Exe 5. Look at the shapes below and fill in the table with the deriving adjectives. Figure 23 Fill in with the deriving adjectives - Practice Form. 23

Exe 6. Look at the table above and choose the correct item in the brackets. Figure 24 Choose the correct item in the brackets - Practice Form. Exe 7. Fill in the table below with the opposite words. 24

Table 4 Fill in the the opposite words- Practice Form. 2.5 Practising grammar. Exe 1. Fill in the appropriate prepositions. Figure 25 Fill in the appropriate prepositions- Practice Form. 25

2.6 GLOSSARY. Table 5. Glossary_1. Table 6. Glossary_2. 26

3. UNIT 3. Materials I: Metals 3.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE Figure 26 Developing language (1). Source: http://www.ndted.org/educationresources/communitycollege/materials/introduction/classifications. htm (Adopted 13/05/2015). 27

Figure 27 Developing language (2). Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/metal.(adopted 13/05/2015). 3.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Choose the correct answer. Figure 28. Choose the correct answer- Practice Form. 28

Exe 2. Fill in the diagram below. Diagram 1 Filling in diagrams- Practice Form. 3.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE. Exe 1.Fill in the blanks below choosing from the words given. Figure 29 Fill in the blanks- Practice Form. 29

Exe 2. Choose the correct word for the sentences. Figure 30 Choose the correct word-practice Form. 3.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Read about more properties of materials. Match the two columns below. Figure 31. Matching terms with definitions - Practice Form. 30

Exe 2. Fill in the table with the appropriate nouns describing properties. Figure 32 Fill in the table- Practice Form. Exe 3. Write the opposites of the adjectives below. Figure 33. Write the opposites- Practice Form. 31

Exe 4 Look at the examples below and write definitions about the properties of the materials using the prompts given. Figure 34 Write definitions- Practice Form. Exe 5. Look at the table below and write sentences about the properties and use of the materials, as in the example. Figure 35 Write sentences- Practice Form. 32

3.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR. Exe 1.Write the correct form (Comparative / Superlative) of the adjectives in brackets. Figure 36. Write the correct form- Practice Form. Exe 2. Look at the bar chart below and make observations comparing the ductility, tensile strength and hardness of the materials. Figure 37. Make observations- Practice Form. 33

3.6 GLOSSARY_1 Table 7 Glossary_1. 34

Table 8. Glossary_2. Table 9. Glossary_3. 35

4. UNIT 4. Materials II: Plastics. 4.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE. Figure 38 Developing language (1). Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/plastic, http://www.technologystudent.com/joints/pla1.html, and http://science.howstuffworks.com/plastic.htm (Adopted 13/05/2015). 36

Figure 39 Developing language (2). Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/plastic, http://www.technologystudent.com/joints/pla1.html, and http://science.howstuffworks.com/plastic.htm (Adopted 13/05/2015). 4.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Tick which of the following statements are TRUE. Figure 40 Scanning/ understanding language. 37

Exe 2. Fill in the diagrams below. Diagram 2 Filling in diagrams Practice Form. 4.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE. A. Exe 1. Choose which word in the brackets is correct: B. Plastics are (ceramic / synthetic ) materials. C. Plastic materials can have various (shapes / materials). D. Plastics are organic (molecules / polymers). E. The most common properties of plastics are (brittleness and conductivity / tensility and resistance to chemicals). F. Plastic materials are distinguished in (thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics / thermoplastics and polymers). G. (Thermoplastics / Thermosets) are hardened and cannot return to their original shapes. H. An example of a thermosetting plastic is (polyvinyl chloride/ polyester). I. Thermoplastics (soften / harden) if they are heated. J. Plastics (decay / are recyclable) motion. K. Polyactide is used for making (bags and bottles / tools and instruments). Exe 2. Match the words in the two columns. Figure 41 Matching words (synonyms) (synonyms) Practice Form. 38

4.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Write the adjectives that derive from the words below and place them under the proper heading. Figure 42 Filling in information Practice Form. Exe 2. Match the acronyms on the left with the term on the right. Figure 43 Match the acronyms Practice Form. 39

Exe 3. Join the sentences with the appropriate discourse item (therefore/ however/ because / whereas). Table 10 Join the sentences with the appropriate Practice Form. Exe 4. plastics. Table 11 Tick off Practice Form. 40

Exe 5. Read the table above and write a short paragraph on the basis of the information given. Use discourse items (however / whereas / although / therefore / in addition). Figure 44 Read and write a short paragraph Practice Form. Exe 6. Fill in the missing information choosing from the list. Figure 45 Filling in information Practice Form. 41

Exe 7. Read the text that follows and answer the questions. Figure 46 Producing short paragraphs Practice Form. Source: http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/dangers-of-plastic. 42

Exe 7.1. Αnswer the questions. Figure 47 Text comprehension Practice Form. 43

4.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR: 1st Conditional. Exe 1. Match the two columns. Figure 48 Match the two columns Practice Form. Exe 2.Write observations using the information in the previous exercise and in the list on th right. Figure 49. Write observations- Practice Form. 44

4.6 GLOSSARY. Table 12. Glossary. 45

Table 13. Glossary 2. 46

5. Unit 5. Computer-Aided Design (CAD). 5.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE. Figure 50 Developing language (1). Source: "http://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/plm/cad.shtml http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/computer-aided-design-cad-and-computer-aidedcam.html/1 http://www.docstoc.com/docs/75150479/cad-commands-%28pdfdownload%29 (Adopted 13/06/2015). 47

Figure 51 Developing language (2). Source: "http://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/plm/cad.shtml http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/computer-aided-design-cad-and-computer-aidedcam.html/1 http://www.docstoc.com/docs/75150479/cad-commands-%28pdfdownload%29 (Adopted 13/06/2015). 48

5.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. statements are TRUE. Table 14 Tick off Practice Form. Exe 2. Fill in the diagram below. Diagram 3 Filling in diagrams Practice Form. 49

5.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Read the text and choose the correct item for the sentences below. Figure 52 Read the text and choose the correct Practice Form. Exe 2. Match the words in the left column with their synonyms in the right column. Figure 53 Picture labelling. 50

Exe 3. Fill in the table with the nouns deriving from the verbs given. Figure 54 Fill in the table Practice Form. 5.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Match the words in the left column with their synonyms in the right column. Figure 55 Match the words Practice Form. 51

Exe 2. Decide which file type the following commands belong to. Table 15 Filling in tables Practice Form. Exe 3. Decide which command you should use for the following. Table Use the command Practice Form. 52

Exe 4. Choose the correct answer. Figure 56 Matching items (synonyms) Practice Form. Source: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/75150479/cad-commands. (Adopted 13/06/2015). 53

Exe 5. Match the terms on the left with the statements on the right. Figure 57 Match the terms - Practice Form. 54

5.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR: Infinitives & gerunds. Exe 1. Fill in the paragraph below with either the infinitive or gerund of the verb in brackets. Figure 58 Matching information - Practice Form. 55

5.6 GLOSSARY. Table 16 Producing derivatives - Practice Form. 56

Table 17 Glossary 2. Figure 59 Glossary 3. 57

6. Unit 7 3D Modelling. 6.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE. Figure 60 Developing language (1). Source: www.howstuffworks.com.(adopted 25/05/2015). 58

Figure 61 Developing language (2). Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_modeling. Adopted 25/05/2015). 6.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Tick off which of the statements below are true. Figure 62 Choosing the correct information Practice Form. 59

Exe 2. Fill in the diagrams below Diagram 4 Filling in diagrams Practice Form. 6.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Fill in the missing words below choosing from the list. Figure 63 Fill in the missing words Practice Form. 60

Exe 2. Fill in the table below with the missing derivatives. Table 18. Fill in the table Practice Form. Exe 3. Choose the appropriate word to fill in the blanks in the text below. Figure 64 Choose the appropriate Practice Form. 61

6.4 Expanding language. Exe 1.Match the information in the two columns Figure 65 Filling in the correct items Practice Form. Exe 2. Look at the pictures and label them choosing from the list below. Table 19 Look at the pictures Practice Form. 62

Exe 3. Read the text and fill in the missing phrases choosing from the list. Table 20. Read the text and fill in the missing phrases Practice Form. 63

6.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR: Relative clauses. Exe 1. Fill in the sentences below with who, which, whose and where. In case they may be omitted put them in brackets. Figure 66. Fill in the sentences Practice Form. Exe 2. Join the sentences turning the one into a Relative clause. Figure 67 Join the sentences Practice Form. 64

6.6 GLOSSARY. Table 21 Glossary. 65

7. Unit 7 Prototyping. 7.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE. Figure 68 Developing language Practice Form. Source: http://home.howstuffworks.com/product-prototyping-process2.htm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/prototype,http://www.efunda.com/processes/rapid_prototy ping/intro.cfm.(adopted 25/05/2015). 66

Figure 69 Developing language (2). Source: http://home.howstuffworks.com/product-prototyping-process2.htm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/prototype,http://www.efunda.com/processes/rapid_ prototyping/intro.cfm.(adopted 25/05/2015). 67

7.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Read the passage and decide which of the statements are TRUE and which are FALSE. Figure 70 Developing language (2). Source: Read the passage and decide. Exe 2. Fill in the diagram below. Diagram 5. Fill in the diagram-practice Form. 68

7.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Fill in the missing words in the sentences below choosing from the list. Figure 71 Fill in the missing words Practice Form. Exe 2. Read the text and choose the correct word. Figure 72 Choose the correct word Practice Form. Source: http://www.stratasys.com/resources/rapidprototyping#sthash.hmjbhmrd.dpuf..(adopted 25/05/2015). 69

7.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Match the items in the two columns. Figure 73 Match the items Practice Form. Exe 2. Fill in the table below with the appropriate derivatives. Table 22 Producing derivatives Practice Form. 70

Exe 3. Fill in the sentences below with words from the table above. Figure 74 Fill in the sentences Practice Form. Exe 4. Match the types of prototypes with their description. Figure 75 Gap filling Practice Form. 71

Exe 5. Fill in the paragraph below with the correct word from the list given. Figure 76 Gap filling Practice Form. Source: http://www.rpplusm.com/sla--stereolithography.html. (Adopted 25/05/2015). Exe 6. Fill in the paragraph below with the correct word from the list given. Table 23 Reading tables filling in the correct item- Practice Form. 72

7.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR:PASSIVE VOICE. Exe 1. Fill in the gaps below with the appropriate p. participle of the verbs in brackets. Figure 77 Fill in the gaps Practice Form. Exe 2. Rewrite the sentences below using Passive voice. Table 24 Reading tables - Practice Form. 73

Figure 78 Filling in correct item:past Participle Practice Form. 74

7.6 GLOSSARY. Table 25 Glossary. 75

8. Unit 8 Brand Identity & Iconic Design. 8.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE. Figure 79 Developing language (1). Source: http://www.technologystudent.com/prddes1/brand3.html, http://www.peopledesign.com/design-for-production,. (Adopted 25/05/2015). 76

Figure 80 Developing language (2). Source: http://www.technologystudent.com/prddes1/brand3.html, http://www.peopledesign.com/design-for-production,. (Adopted 25/05/2015). 77

8.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Read the text and choose the correct item for the sentences below. Figure 81 Developing language (2). 78

8.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Fill in the missing words in the sentences below choosing from the list. Figure 82 Fill in the missing words Practice Form. Exe 2.Fill in the following sentences with the words brand, brand identity, branded, icon,iconic. Figure 83.Fill in the missing words Practice Form. 79

8.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Match the words on the left with their synonyms on the right. Table 26 Match the words Practice Form. Exe 2. Fill in the table below with the appropriate derivatives. Figure 84. Fill in the table Practice Form. 80

Exe 3. Write as many collocations as possible with the words given. Figure 85 Write as many collocations Practice Form. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/brand.(adopted 25/05/2015). 81

Exe 4. Choose the appropriate word in the brackets. Figure 86. Choose the appropriate Practice Form. Source: http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/logo-evolution. (Adopted 25/05/2015) 82

Exe 4.1. Choose the appropriate word in the brackets. Figure 87 Choose the appropriate Practice Form. Source: http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/logo-evolution. (Adopted 25/05/2015) 83

Exe 4.2. Choose the appropriate word in the brackets. Figure 88 Choose the appropriate Practice Form. Source: http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/logo-evolution. (Adopted 25/05/2015) 84

Exe 5. Read the text and fill in the blanks with the items in the text box on the right. One item should not be used. Figure 89 Read the text and fill in Practice Form. 85

8.5 PRACTISING GRAMMAR. Exe 1. Fill in the sentences below with the appropriate relative pronouns (who, which, whose). Figure 90 Fill in the sentences Practice Form. Exe 2. Analyze the participles below into their corresponding clauses. Table 27 Analyze the participles Practice Form. 86

8.6 GLOSSARY. Table 28 Glossary. 87

9. Unit 9 Manufacturing processes. 9.1 DEVELOPING LANGUAGE. Figure 91 Developing language (1). Source: https://www.victoria.ac.nz/design/study/courses/dsdn-141, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer-aided_manufacturing. (Adopted 25/05/2015) 88

Figure 92 Developing language (2). Source: https://www.victoria.ac.nz/design/study/courses/dsdn-141, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/computer-aided_manufacturing. (Adopted 25/05/2015). 89

9.2 SCANNING/ UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Tick which of the following statements are TRUE. Figure 93 Tick which are TRUE Practice Form. Exe 2. Fill in the diagrams below. Diagram 6 Filling in diagrams Practice Form. 90

9.3 PRACTISING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Choose which word in the brackets is correct. Figure 94 Choose which word is correct Practice Form. Exe 2. Match the words in the two columns. Table 29 Match the words Practice Form. 91

Exe 2. Decide which manufacturing process is required for the following. Figure 95 Filling in information Practice Form. Exe 3. Choose the appropriate item to paraphrase the following. Figure 96 Choose the appropriate Practice Form. 92

9.4 EXPANDING LANGUAGE. Exe 1. Fill in the table below with the appropriate derivatives. Figure 97 Fill in the table Practice Form. Exe 2. Match the terms on the left with the definitions on the right. Figure 98 Matching devices with definition Practice Form. Exe 3 Fill in the correct word choosing from the items given. 93

Figure 99 Fill in the correct word Practice Form. Source: http://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/en_us/plm/cam.shtml. (Adapted 25/05/2015). Exe 4. Read the paragraph below and fill in the missing information with the appropriate segments choosing from the list given. Figure 100 Read the paragraph below and fill in the missing information Practice Form. 94

Exe 5. Fill in the sentences below with the words given and label them with A (Advantages) and D (Disadvantages). Table 30 Producing derivatives Practice Form. Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/systemscontrol/ictinindustryrev3.sh tml. (Adopted 25/05/2015). 95

9.5 GLOSSARY. Table 31 Glossary. 96

Part II:Grammar Section. 10. Tenses. 10.1 SIMPLE PRESENT. Figure 101. Simple Present. Figure 102. Key words 97

10.2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS. Figure 103. Present Continuous Figure 104. Present Continuous_1. 98

Figure 105 Key Words. 10.3 SIMPLE FUTURE. Figure 106 Simple Future. 99

10.4 GOING TO FUTURE. Figure 107 Going to Future. 10.5 D.SIMPLE PAST. Figure 108 Simple Past. 100

B. ΧΡΗΣΗ. Ο Simple Past χρησιμοποιείται για να περιγράψει: Πράξεις που έγιναν στο παρελθόν σε καθορισμένη χρονική στιγμή π.χ. I stayed at home yesterday. Πράξεις που έγιναν για ένα χρονικό διάστημα στο παρελθόν ή γινόταν κατά τακτά χρονικά διαστήματα π.χ. She lived there for 5 years before 1979. I telephoned him every Friday. Figure 109 Key Words. 10.6 SIMPLE PAST OF THE VERB TO BE. Figure 110 Simple Past of the verb to be. 101

11. COMPARISONS. Σχηματισμός & Χρήση. Figure 111 Comparative. 102

Ορισμένα Επίθετα και Επιρρήματα τον Συγκριτικό και Υπερθετικό βαθμό εντελώς διαφορετικά (Irregular). Table 32 Irregular adjectives and Adverbs. 103

12. RELATIVE CLAUSES. Figure 112 Relative Clauses. Η αναφορική αντωνυμία παραλείπεται όταν αναφέρεται στο αντικείμενο της πρότασης π.χ. The machine tools (which/that) they use in this plant are not conventional. ΔEN παραλείπεται : Όταν αναφέρεται στο υποκείμενο της πρότασης π.χ. We need engineers who / that are trained. Όταν εισάγει αναφορική, παρενθετική πρόταση π.χ. My computer, which is an Olivetti, is old. Όταν η αναφορική αντωνυμία βρίσκεται μετά από πρόθεση. Σε περίπτωση παράλειψης της αντωνυμίας η πρόθεση πηγαίνει στο τέλος της πρότασης 104

π.χ. This is the new schedule about which I am talking. This is the new schedule I am talking about. Το αναφορικό that μπορεί να αντικαταστήσει τα who/which, κυρίως όταν το αναφορικό βρεθεί μετά από επίθετο υπερθετικού βαθμού ή μετά από: every, some, any, first, second, last, all, none, few, such, the only. π.χ. This is the best job (that) I have ever had.he is the only man (that) can operate NC machines. 105

13. PASSIVE VOICE. Figure 113 Passive Voice. 106

Figure 114 Passive Voice: the verb to be. 14. INFINITIVES & GERUNDS. Infinitive. Figure 115 Infinitive.. 107

Gerund. To γερούνδιο (gerund) σχηματίζεται με την κατάληξη - ing στα ρήματα. Χρησιμοποιείται: Ως ουσιαστικό ή στη θέση ουσιαστικών ή αντωνυμιών π.χ. Manufacturing means the use of tools and labour to make things. Μετά από συγκεκριμένα ρήματα, και εκφράσεις, όπως keep, avoid, prevent, finish, stop, suggest, mind, involve, it's worth, be used to etc. π.χ. She keeps designing large objects. Μετά από (in, for, before, etc.) π.χ. Casting is used for joining metals. 15. PARTICIPLES. Figure 116 Participles 108

16. LINKING DEVICES. Figure 117 Linking Devices -Adding ideas. Π.χ. Α car engine is an internal combustion engine; it is a water -cooled engine, as well / too. Figure 118 Linking Devices -Contrasting ideas. π.χ Plastics are insulators. However, / On the other hand, metals are good conductors of heat.although plastics are insulators, metals are good conductors of heat. Figure 119 Linking Devices -Effect.. π.χ Tool steel is hard and tough.therefore, it is used for making cutting tools. 109

Figure 120 Linking Devices - Cause. π.χ. Tool steel is used for making cutting tools because / since / as it is hard and tough. Figure 121 Linking Devices - Result.. π.χ. They installed a computer network in order to / so as to improve manufacturing. π.χ. They installed a computer network so that they could improve manufacturing. 110

17. IRREGULAR VERBS. Table 33 Irregular Verbs (1). 111

Table 34 Irregular Verbs (2). 112

Table 35 Irregular Verbs (3). 113

18. GRAMMAR PRACTICE. 18.1 REVISION OF TENSES. Exe 1.Study the table and turn the prompts below in sentences in the tense indicated. Table 36 Revision of Tenses. 114

Figure 122 Producing sentences 115

Exe 2. Write the correct tense of the verbs in brackets. Figure 123 Gap filling: correct tense 116

Exe 3. Choose the correct answer. Figure 124 Choosing the correct item 117

Exe 4. Write the correct S. Past form for the verbs in brackets. Figure 125. Write the correct S. Past- Practice Form. 18.2 COMPARISONS. Exe 1. Fill in the Comparative and Superlative form of the adjectives below. Figure 126 Gap filling: S. Past 118

Exe 2. Look at the table below and write sentences comparing the materials on the basis of their properties (Use both Comparative and Superlative). Table 37 Writing the correct item: comparative and Superlative form. Exe 3. Write the adverbs deriving from the adjectives below. Table 38. Write the adverbs- Practice Form. 119

Exe 4. Underline the correct item (adjective or adverb) in the brackets. Figure 127 Underline the correct item- Practice Form. Exe 5. Choose the correct answer. Figure 128 Choose the correct answer - Practice Form. 120

18.3 RELATIVE CLAUSES. Exe 1. Write sentences using the information in the columns below. Figure 129 Write sentences - Practice Form. Source: Η διδάσκουσα Α.Αλτίνη Exe 2. Fill in the sentences below with meaningful information. Table 39 Writing sentences: Relative Clauses Practice form 121

Exe 3. Choose the correct answer. Figure 130 Choosing the correct item: Relative Clauses Practice form. Exe 4. Fill in the letter using the missing information below. Figure 131 Choosing the correct item: Relative Clauses Practice form 122

18.4 PASSIVE VOICE. Exe 1. Write the following sentence in all tenses of both Active and Passive. He (design) a new product Table 40 Rewriting sentences: Passive Voice- Practice Form. Exe 2. Choose the correct sentence. Figure 132 Choose the correct sentence - Practice Form. 123

Exe 3. Turn the sentences from Active to Passive. Figure 133 Rewriting sentences: Active to Passive - Practice Form Exe 19. Put the verbs in brackets in passive. Choose the correct tense. Figure 134 Rewriting sentences: Passive Voice - Practice Form. 124

19. References. Dooley, J. E. (1998). Grammarway Express Publishing. Swansea. Hornby, A. (1978 ). Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English,. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McDonough, J. (1984 ). ESP in Perspective. London : Collins ELT. P., P. (1998). Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. London: Longman Group Ltd, Harlow and London. Perry R., C. C. (1998 ). Chemical Engineers' Handbook. Tokyo: McGraw-Hill- Kogakusha. Raymond, M. (1985). English Grammar in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ryder G H & Bennett M D. (1975). Mechanics of machines. London: Macmillan. S., P. (1998). Αγγλοελληνικό Λεξικό Μηχανικών. Θεσ/νίκη: Τζιόλας-McGraw-Hill. Wagnall, F. &. (2006 ). Multimedia Encyclopedia, Microsoft (R) Encarta,. Microsoft Corporation. White W., N. J. (1977). Machine Tools & Machining Practices. Canada: Kibbe R. & Meyer R.,, Wiley &sons Inc. Α., Σ. (2000). Ηλεκτρονικό Λεξικό Ελληνο-Αγγλικό & Αγγλο-Ελληνικό,. Αθήνα: Magenta Ε.Π.Ε. Ε., Γ. Γ. (2003). Λεξικό Επιστημονικών & Τεχνικών Όρων. Αθήνα: Michigan Press. 20. Σημείωμα Αναφοράς. Copyright ΤΕΙ Δυτικής Μακεδονίας, Αλτίνη Αγάπη. «ΤΕΧΝΙΚΗ ΟΡΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗ». Έκδοση: 1.0. Γρεβενά 2012. Διαθέσιμο από τη δικτυακή διεύθυνση: URL: http://eclass.teiwm.gr/courses/me142/. 21. Σημείωμα Αδειοδότησης. Το παρόν υλικό διατίθεται με τους όρους της άδειας χρήσης Creative Commons Αναφορά, Μη Εμπορική Χρήση Παρόμοια Διανομή 4.0 [1] ή μεταγενέστερη, Διεθνής Έκδοση. Εξαιρούνται τα αυτοτελή έργα τρίτων π.χ. φωτογραφίες, διαγράμματα κ.λ.π., τα οποία εμπεριέχονται σε αυτό και τα οποία αναφέρονται μαζί με τους όρους χρήσης τους στο «Σημείωμα Χρήσης Έργων Τρίτων». [1] http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Ως Μη Εμπορική ορίζεται η χρήση: που δεν περιλαμβάνει άμεσο ή έμμεσο οικονομικό όφελος από την χρήση του έργου, για το διανομέα του έργου και αδειοδόχο. που δεν περιλαμβάνει οικονομική συναλλαγή ως προϋπόθεση για τη χρήση ή πρόσβαση στο έργο. 125

που δεν προσπορίζει στο διανομέα του έργου και αδειοδόχο έμμεσο οικονομικό όφελος (π.χ. διαφημίσεις) από την προβολή του έργου σε διαδικτυακό τόπο. Ο δικαιούχος μπορεί να παρέχει στον αδειοδόχο ξεχωριστή άδεια να χρησιμοποιεί το έργο για εμπορική χρήση, εφόσον αυτό του ζητηθεί. 22. Διατήρηση Σημειωμάτων. Οποιαδήποτε αναπαραγωγή ή διασκευή του υλικού θα πρέπει να συμπεριλαμβάνει: το Σημείωμα Αναφοράς. το Σημείωμα Αδειοδότησης. τη δήλωση Διατήρησης Σημειωμάτων. το Σημείωμα Χρήσης Έργων Τρίτων (εφόσον υπάρχει). μαζί με τους συνοδευόμενους υπερσυνδέσμους. 23. Σημείωμα Χρήσης Έργων Τρίτων. Το Έργο αυτό κάνει χρήση των ακόλουθων έργων: Εικόνες/Σχήματα/Διαγράμματα/Φωτογραφίες. Dooley, J. E. (1998). Grammarway Express Publishing. Swansea. Hornby, A. (1978 ). Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English,. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McDonough, J. (1984 ). ESP in Perspective. London : Collins ELT. P., P. (1998). Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. London: Longman Group Ltd, Harlow and London. Perry R., C. C. (1998 ). Chemical Engineers' Handbook. Tokyo: McGraw-Hill-Kogakusha. Raymond, M. (1985). English Grammar in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ryder G H & Bennett M D,,. (1975). Mechanics of machines. London: Macmillan. S., P. (1998). Αγγλοελληνικό Λεξικό Μηχανικών. Θεσ/νίκη: Τζιόλας- McGraw-Hill. Wagnall, F. &. (2006 ). Multimedia Encyclopedia, Microsoft (R) Encarta,. Microsoft Corporation. White W., N. J. (1977). Machine Tools & Machining Practices. Canada: Kibbe R. & Meyer R.,, Wiley &sons Inc. Α., Σ. (2000). Ηλεκτρονικό Λεξικό Ελληνο-Αγγλικό & Αγγλο-Ελληνικό,. Αθήνα: Magenta Ε.Π.Ε. Ε., Γ. Γ. (2003). Λεξικό Επιστημονικών & Τεχνικών Όρων. Αθήνα: Michigan Press. "Lathe", http:// me.mit.edu/lectures/machine tools/ lathe/ intro.html. Milling Machinee", http:// www.americanmacinetools.com. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/milling_cutter. "CNC Machine Tools," Microsoft (R) Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. http://uk.encarta.msn.com 1997-2009 Encarta. Copyright (c) 2000 Microsoft Corporation 126

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cnc. "Engines," Microsoft (R) Encarta Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009 http://uk.encarta.msn.com 1997-2009. www.howstuffworks.com. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/electric-motor-quiz11.htm. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electricity_generation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electricity_generation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/list_of_countries_by_electricity_production_f rom_renewable_source. http://environment.about.com/od/renewableenergy/tp/renew_energy.htm. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/renewable-energy-vs-fossil-fuel- 5257.html. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hydroelectricity. Turbine," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009 http://uk.encarta.msn.com 1997-2009 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hydroelectricity. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. http://uk.encarta.msn.com 1997-2009 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/district_heating. 127