,,, ;,,, Bergmann (1971)

36 2 2006 3 ( ) Journal of Zhejiang Un iversity( Human ities and Socia l Sc iences) Vol. 36, No. 2 Mar. 2006 1, 2 (11, 310027; 21, 210016) [ ],,, CES C D,, [ ] ; ; ; [ ] F240 [ ] A [ ] 1008 942X (2006) 02 0073 07,,,, Fawcett(1917, 1918), :,, [ 1-2 ] ; Edgeworth (1922),, [ 3 ] ; Bergmann (1971) [ 4 ],, M incer(1974) [ 5 ] ; Doringer Piore (1971) [ 6 ] ; B lau Duncan (1967) [ 7 ] ; Corcoran ( 1979) Marini ( 1989) [ 8-9 ],,, ;,,, Bergmann (1971) [ ] 2005 06 13 [ ] http: //www. journals. zju. edu. cn / soc [ ] (70233003) [ ] 11 (1953 ),,,,, ; 21 (1968 ),,,,,

74 ( ) 36,,,, 1. 5% [ 4 ] Pike ( 1982) Tzannatos ( 1989) Bergmann,,, 1 /3, 50%,,, Pike 3%, Tzannatos 5% 6% [ 10-11 ],,,, 1955, O tis Dudley Duncan Beverly Duncan (1955) [ 12 ],, 20 80 [ 13-14 ] : D I = 1 2 F i / F M i /M, D I, F i, M i, F, M,,,?, 0,, 1, ( ),,, 64. 7%, ( 1 2), 64,, 28. 9%, 9. 4%,, 2, 1 2 6 10, 4 5, 1 3 7 8 9, 2,,, [ 15 ], : P W = F iw i / FW P W, F, W, F i W i i,, P W ; P W = 1,, < 1,, P W JAMES S C and NAD IA Z, The Econom ic Progress of B lack W om en S ince 1940: W ages and O ccupations, Unpulished Paper (W ashington, 1990)

2, : 75, 2002 ( 2), 0. 73, 1,,, 1 % % 1 91. 7 79. 3 2 86. 4 73. 8 3 82. 9 73. 8 4 79. 1 72. 2 5 77. 3 69. 5 6 74. 5 67. 8 7 67. 5 8 66. 0 67. 5 65. 5 9 67. 3 65. 1 10 62. 3 62. 6 : 2000, 2002 Bergmann (1971) [ 4 ] Bergmann,,,,,,,,,,, CES, Cobb Dauglas : Y = ( + ) - / K 1-1 L - m 2 L - f Y, L m L f, K ;,, 1 2,, L f /L m ; 1 1,,,,,,,,, W 3 L 3 Y 3,

76 ( ) 36 : W 3 i W i = M P 3 i M P i = Y3 Y L i L 3 i ( m ( 1 L - 1 L 3 - m + + 2 L - f ) 2 L L 3 - f ), i =m, f,, Dougherty Selowsky (1973),, [ 16 ],, 1, Bowls(1970) 3 9 [ 17 ] Bergmann ( 1971) 0. 5 3 [ 4 ] ; Pike (1982) 1 3 [ 10 ]503-514 ; Tzannatos(1989),,, 6 6, 0. 5 10 [ 11 ]5 18 :,,,,,,,,, 2002 2000 2003 2003,, 2002, ; ; ;, C D 2,,, 0. 14,,, (2003),, [ 18 ], 2002, 0. 78 2 % % 5. 9 1667. 92 1. 7 1379. 36 14. 7 1387. 29 12. 7 1232. 13 16. 8 1294. 60 17. 1 1110. 72 16. 7 635. 44 25. 7 495. 22 16. 0 496. 60 20. 6 396. 21 22. 4 856. 22 15. 2 646. 82 7. 6 505. 72 7. 1 475. 78 : 2003, 2002

2, : 77 3 6,,, 20%,,, 8%, 2. 48% 3 ( 6) % % % % 12. 11 64. 14 2. 08 18. 41 22. 56 39. 84 3. 49 8. 66 31. 68 47. 48 4. 75 11. 02 63. 84 63. 29 8. 61 17. 26 51. 43 60. 94 7. 26 16. 24 33. 45 75. 20 5. 33 25. 32 13. 18 21. 52 2. 09 4. 07 % 2. 48 4,,,,, 6, 4 0. 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % 0. 25 0. 49 0. 95 1. 38 1. 78 2. 15 2. 48 2. 78 3. 06 3. 30 3. 52,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,

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2, : 79 The Econom ic Effects of O ccupa tiona l Segrega tion An Analysis on Occupational D iscrim ination against Chinese U rban Female Labor YAO Xian2guo 1, X IE Si2sheng 2 (1. College of Public A dm inistra tion, Zhejiang U n iversity, Hangzhou 310027, China; 2. College of Econom ics & M anagem ent, N anjing U niversity of Aeronautics and Astronautics, N anjing 210016, China) Abstract: Gender discrim ination in the labor market is a w idesp read phenom enon, and occupational segregation is one of the m ain kinds of discrim ination. In order to analyze the econom ic effects on occupational segregation of gender in the Chinese urban emp loyment population, we measured the level of occupational segregation by dissim ilarity index and estimated the change of the gender p roportion of labor in various occupation, the wages and national incomes by CES and C - D p roduction function. The purpose is to offer som e suggestions to governm ent policies for elim inating occupational segregation in light of the conclusion of econom etric analysis. First, according to the Fifth National Census data, we made use of the dissim ilarity index method to calculate the occupation (medium type) of Chinese urban emp loyment population, we concluded that if the occupational distribution of the male stays rem ains unchanged, and the distributive p roportion of the both male and female population in each occupation continues to be the same, then 64. 7% of the female would need to shift occupation in order to equalize the p roportions of the male. Therefore, we can say that there exists serious occupational segregation in the current Chinese urban emp loyment population. Next, using CES and C - D p roduction function model and assum ing the value of constant elasticity of substitution to be 6, if occupational segregation is elim inated, female wages would increase by more than 20%. The m ale would suffer certain income loss, but the drop would be trivial, less than 8%. On the other hand, the number of emp loyed fem ale would decrease dramatically because of the wages increase. Desp ite some shortcom ings, national incomes would increase by 2. 48%, w ith more efficient allocation of m ale and fem ale emp loyment population. The gains in national incomes would still be sufficient to p revent any substantial decline in male earnings while at the same time allow fem ales a greater choice in their occupation and a higher earnings potential. Given the fact that at p resent our country still has no special laws aim ing at elim inating labor market discrim ination, it is very difficult to p revent gender discrim ination under the current labor law. Occupational segregation w ill exist over a long time and we m ust pay significant attention to the situation. Key words: occupational segregation; gender discrim ination; dissim ilarity index; p roduction function