QUATERNARY SC IENCES

25 1 2005 1 QUATERNARY SC IENCES Vol. 25, No. 1 January, 2005 1001-7410 (2005) 01-74 - 06 1888 1916 3 (, 100875;, 100101), 1888 1916, 1888 1916 3122d, 1890 4189d, 1900 2122d, 1910 4129d, 1888 1916, 0137 1890 P468, P46, Q948. 112. 9 A,, [ 1 3 ] [ 4, 5 ],,,, [ 3, 6 8 ],,, 30 1 (1832 1916 ),,,,,,, [ 9 ] [ 10, 11 ],,,,,,,,, (1869 ),,,,,, (1887 ), (,,) ( 1),, 30,, 2 1887 1916,, 1712 1719, 1 416 516, 7 2915 2919 2919 ( d) 35, 4016 ( 1953 8 13 ) 1 200 1 700mm 279 295 [ 12 ] 3 :() : 42 E2mail: xfang@bnu. edu. cn 3 ( : KZCX3 - SW - 321) ( : 40331013) 2004-07 - 07, 2004-10 - 09

1 : 1888 1916 75, [ 14 ],,, (1963 1982 ) [ 15 ] ( 1),, 1, 1 3 [ 15, 16 ], 3 1 Table 1 Modern phenophases of some sp ring species in Changsha 1 () Fig. 1 Sites recorded in the Xiangqilou D iary,, ;,, ;, [ 5 ], [ 1, 2, 4, 6 ],, 1888 1916,, [ 13 ],, 3 1888 1916 311 2 4 1888 1916 3 1 3 5 3 10 3 18 3 16 3 19 3 27 2 20 3 7 3 18 3 21 3 28 3 19 3 28 3 20 3 24 4 7 4 11,,,, (3 25 ),,,, 3 4, 6, ( 2), 29 27,, 1889,, 1897 1903 1888 1916,,1888 1916, ( 3)

76 2005 2 Table 2 Comparison on intervals between the first bloom ing, full bloom ing, and shatter dates of peach tree recorded in the Xiangqilou D iary - /d - /d 1891 / 3 23 ( ) 3 28 ( ) - < 4 1895 3 21 ( ) 3 24 ( ) - 3 1898 3 26 ( ) 3 30 ( ) - 4 1912 3 20 ( ) 3 23 ( ) - 3 1913 3 25 ( ) 3 31 ( ) 6 3 18 3 21 3 28 3 7 3 1888 1916 ( -, + ) Table 3 Series of p lants phenophases anomaly in sp ring during 1888 1916 around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province /d 1888 3 22-3 1889 2 25 (3 1 ) - 4 1890 3 29, 3-7 1891 3 28, + 7 1892 3 19 + 4 1893 3 24 + 9 1894 3 24 33 + 5 1895 3 21 333 + 7 2 16, 1896 3 13 3333 + 10 1897 1898 3 30 + 9 1899 3 15 0 3 28, 1900 4 14 + 4 1901 3 27,,, 33333-1 1902 3 13-11 1903 1904 3 3-4 4 20,, 1905 + 15 4 24 (), 333333 1906 3 13-3 1907 4 11, + 4 1908 3 24, + 3 1909 4 3, + 13 1910 4 16 + 5 1911 3 28 + 7 1912 3 23 + 2 1913 3 25 + 7 1914 3 9-9 1915 3 20 3333333 + 3 1916 4 1 3333333 + 15 + 3. 22 3 2 33,,, 333 3 19, 18, 3333,, 33333, 27, 1 333333,,10 (1895 1904 ) 1. 75, 17,1315 3333333,, 12,

1 : 1888 1916 77 312 1888 1916 3122d (3),5 ( 2)1888 19163 : 1) 1888 1900, 3142d; 2) 1901 1904, 3 5133d; 3) 1905 1916, 5117d,, 1890 (1890 1899 ) 4189d, 1900( 1900 1909 ) 2122d, 1910 7 ( 1910 1916 ) 4129d Fig. 2 1888 1916 3 ( a) 1888 1916 ( b)3( 1951 1980 ) 5 2 Anomaly of p lants phenophases in sp ring during 1888 1916 around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province and its comparison with the temperature in March in Shanghai 1888 1916, (7 ) 3, (9 )6 (2) 11 12a ( 4) 5 ( 18971903, 5a), 10a, 4 / Table 4 Intervals of extremely early or late years of phenophase (/d) 1890 ( - 7) 1902 ( - 11) 1914 ( - 9) 1893 ( + 9) /1896 ( + 10) 1905 ( + 15) 1916 ( + 15) 1898 ( + 9) 1909 ( + 13) /a 12 11 12 11 313,( ), 1888 1916 3, - 01649 ( 27, 0101), 24 1980 1980, [ 16 ] : y = 2105x 2-6108x + 0169 (1) y ( d) x ( ),, ( 1) y,1888 1916, 0137,, 1890(1890 1899 ) 0158, 1900 ( 1900 1909 ) 0123, 1910 7 (1910 1916 ) 0151, [ 17 ],

78 2005,, 1900 1890 1910 1470 10 [ 18 ] (105 E, 25 40 N )2 000 [ 4 ], 30,,, 1890 1910, 1900,, 4 1888 1916,1888 1916, 3122d,1888 1916, 0137,, 1900 1911,, 1890 (R efe rence s) 1,,.. :, 1983. 1 302 Gong Gaofa, Zhang Piyuan, Wu Xiangding et al. Research Methods on the Historical Climate Change. Beijing: Science Press, 1983. 302 2.. :, 1996. 197 224 Zhang Piyuan. H istorical Climate Change in China. Jinan: Shandong Science & Technology Press, 1996. 197 224 1 3.. :. 2000. :, 2000. 56 75 Man Zhim in. Proxy data and its p roblem in the historical literature. In: Research Center of the Chinese H istorical Geography of Fudan University ed. H istorical Geography Facing to the New Century Proceedings of 2000 International Symposium on Chinese H istorical Geography. Jinan: Q ilu Press, 2000. 56 75 4,,. 2 000., 2002, 22 (2) : 166 173 Ge Quansheng, Zheng Jingyun, Fang Xiuqi et al. Temperature changes of winter2half2year in eastern China during the past 2 000 years. Q uaternary Sciences, 2002, 22 (2) : 166 173 5,.. :, 1999. 1 4 Chu Kochen,W anm inwei. Phenology. Changsha: Hunan Education Press, 1999. 1 4 6.., 1973, (2) : 168 189 Chu Kochen. A preliminary study on the climate changes since the last 5 000 years in China. Scientia S inica, 1973, (2) : 168 189 7,, ω.. :. ( ). :, 1984. 64 75 Gong Gaofa, Zhang Piyuan, Zhang Jinrong. Changes of phenophases in Beijing. In: Hou Renzhi ed. Environment Change (1). Beijing: China Ocean Press, 1984. 64 75 8.., 2004, 6 (1) : 95 100 Zhu Xiaoxi. Climatic information from 1700 1703A. D. D iary. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2004, 6 (1) : 95 100 in W eizhai 9 ( ), ( ).. :, 1997. 1 377 3 438 W ang Kaiyun (Ma Jigao ed). Xiangqilou D iary. Changsha: Yuelu Press, 1997. 1 377 3 438 10.. :, 1997. 1 241 Xiao A i. B iography of W ang Xiangqi. Changsha: Yuelu Press, 1997. 1 241 11.. :, 1970. 56 338 W ang Daigong. Chronicle of W ang Xiangqiπs L ife. Taiwan: The Commercial Press, 1970. 56 338 12.. :, 1981. 513 518 Data Center of W eather Bureau of Hunan Province ed. Hunan Agroclimate. Changsha: Hunan Science & Technology Press, 1981. 513 518 13.. :, 1994. 629 639 Editing Group of the Calendar. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1994. Chinese 2 0002year Calendar. 629 639 14,,.. :, 1987. 134 178 Zhang Fuchun, W ang Dehui, Q iu Baojian. Agro2phenological A tlas of China. Beijing: Science Press, 1987. 134 178 15,.., 1983, 38 (3) : 33 39 Gong Gaofa, Jian W eim in. On the geographical distribution of phenodate in China. A cta Geographica S inica, 1983, 38 (3) : 33 39 16,,. 40., 2002, 47 (20) : 1 582 1 587 Zheng Jingyun, Ge Quansheng, Hao Zhixin. Impacts of climate warm ing on p lants phenophases in China for the last 40 years. Chinese Science B ulletin, 2002, 47 (20) : 1 582 1 587 17,,..

1 : 1888 1916 79, 1998, 9 (4) : 392 401 W ang Shaowu, Ye Jinlin, Gong Daoyi et al. Construction of mean annual temperature series for the last one hundred years in China. Q uarterly Journal of Applied M eteorology, 1998, 9 (4) : 392 401 18,. 1470., 1990, 48 (1) : 26 35 W ang Shaowu, W ang R isheng. Variations of seasonal and annual temperatures during 1470 1979 AD in eastern China. Acta M eteorologica S inica, 1990, 48 (1) : 26 35 CHANGES O F PLANTS PHENO PHASES AND TEM PERATURE IN SPR ING D UR ING 1888 1916 ARO UND CHANGSHA AND HENGYANG IN HUNAN PRO V INCE Fang Xiuqi Xiao L ingbo Ge Quansheng Zheng J ingyun ( School of Geography, B eijing N orm al U niversity, B eijing 100875; Institute of Geographical Sciences and N atural R esources Research, Chinese Academ y of Sciences, B eijing 100101) Abstract H istorical recordation is one of the highlighted p roxy data for reconstruction of past environment changes, in which China has a great advantage for abundant historical literature. Among the sources of historical records on environm ent change, ancient dairies are important and contain p lenty of climatic inform ation undiscovered. In this paper, a diary named Xiangqilou D iary, which was w ritten by W ang Kaiyun in the late Q ing Dynasty, has been discovered. W ang Kaiyun had w ritten his diary between 1869 to 1916. lot of valuable recordation on phenology and weather. In the dairy, there are a The records are especially valuable during the years from 1887 to 1916 when W ang Kaiyun lived in the area around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province, which may p rovide continuous p roxy data for reconstructing the environment change of the area. B ased on the phenological records on typ ical p lant species ( peach, p lum, ap ricot, peony, cherry, crab app le and redbud) collected from the Xiangqilou D iary, a series of annual p lants phenophases anomaly in sp ring during 1888 1916 around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province has been reconstructed. the p resent phonological date around Changsha and Hengyang, To compare with the average phenophase in sp ring during 1988 1916 was 3122d later than the p resent day. According to the 52year running mean of the phonological anom aly series, the phenophases during 1888 1916 can be divided into three phases. That is the phenophases was 3142d later than p resent during 1888 1900, 5133d earlier in average during the three yearswith records in 1901 1904, and 5117d later during 1905 1916. The decadal mean phenophases were later than the mean of the p resent day, in which 4189d later in the 1890 s(1890 1899), 2122d later in 1900 s ( 1900 1909), and 4. 29d later in the first 7 years of the 1910 s(1900 1916). A s a natural record of the climate change, phenopheses can objectively reflect temperature changes. Because the phenophases during 1888 1916 was generally later than nowadays, it can be inferred that the climate during 1888 1916 was colder than the p resent day. The average sp ring temperature during 1888 1916 was about 0137 lower than now, in which itwas 0. 58 lower in the 1890 s, 0123 lower in the 1900 s, and 0151 lower in the 1910 s. Changsha back to the 1890 s. The result analyzed in this paper is helpful for extending the history of sp ring temperature change in Key words Xiangqilou D iary, Changsha and Hengyang, phenology, historical climate