302 2009,23 (2) :302 307 Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences :100028551 (2009) 022302206 60 Co C ( Π, 450015) : C,, C 60 Co C,, C, C C, C,,, : ; ; C ; 60 Co ; A GENERAL REVIEW ON THE EFFECTS OF 60 Co 2RAYS IRRADIATION ON VITAMIN C IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES CHEN Yun2tang GUO Dong2quan YANG Zhong2qiang ZHANGJian2wei YANG Bao2an WANG Yu2lian ( Isotope Institute Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences Π Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agriculture, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450015) Abstract :Vitamin C is a nutrient component in fruits and vegetables, it s also an important bioactive substance in human body, and there are also many factors that affect the contents of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables. There papers reported that 60 Co 2rays irradiation has effects on vitamin C in fruits and vegetables, but the effect degree has some differences. Some reports says the contents of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables could be significantly reduced by irradiation, while some literatures reported that irradiation at low doses had no significant effects. The content of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables could be influenced by various factors, such as ascorbic oxidative enzyme, chemical composition, irradiation dose, irradiation environment, physiological metabolism of fruits and vegetables, etc. Irradiation treatment is an important preservation technique of fruits and vegetables. Though there were some effects of irradiation on vitamin C of fruits and vegetables, it would not influence the applications of irradiation technology in the fruit and vegetable storages, because the effects of irradiation on vitamin C could be avoided orminimized through appropriate technical treatment. This paper tries systematically analyses and summarizes the results of related investigation and provides a helpful reference in scientific applications of irradiation technology on fruits and vegetables preservation. Key words :fruit ; vegetable ; vitamin C ; 60 Co 2rays ; irradiation C, C 90 % C,, C C,, L2 :2008207215 :2008211220 : (19632),,,,, E2mail :chyt1015 @1631com
2 60 Co C 303,,,,,, C, C,, C C,, 1 C, C C, C 111 C C, [1 3 ] Mitchell G E [4 ],013 0175kGy C 11 % 79 % 11111 C, 60 Co, C, [5 ], C, 013 110kGy, C ;, [6 ], C ;Lee C Y [7 ], C ; [8 ], 013 015 017kGy (163d), C 38 % 47 % 60 %, [9 ], 0 310kGy, C 1 10, C, 30 % ; Roushay H M [10 ], 110 210 310kGy C ; [11 ], 210 610kGy, C,,610kGy 12114 % ;,,110kGy C,210kGy C [12 15 ] ; [16 ] 011 015 019kGy, C, ; [17 ] 012 110kGy, 4,012kGy, C C C 4110 % 1717 % 6412 %, 110kGy 6419 % 4318 % 8610 %, C C 11112 C, [18 ] 410 610 810kGy,,410kGy C, 610 810kGy C, : 610kGy 19195 %, 810kGy 19195 % ; 610kGy 16114 %, 810kGy 14120 % ; 610kGy 5188 %,810kGy 5188 % ; 610kGy 14125 %,810kGy 14125 % [11 ], 2 610kGy, C, 610kGy 16103 % ;ChO Han ok [19 ], 0105 011 0115kGy C [20 ] 80 250Gy, C ; [21 ] 80 1000Gy, C (P < 0101),, C ; [22 ],, C 60 % ; T K [23 ], 011kGy 28 % C, 0115kGy C 56 %, 0102 0106kGy C C C ; Wang J [24, 25 ],, C ; [26 ] 210 215kGy, (15,RH 80 %) 7d, C ; Farkas J [27 ]
304 23,110kGy C 12 %, C 10 % 11113 C [28 ], 110kGy 0 1 330d, C ; [29 ], 210kGy C, [30 ] 215kGy, 3-6, C ; [31 ] 2 15kGy, 1, C, 814 % 915 % ;, [32 ],, C 112 C C, C 11211 C [1 ] 013 015kGy, 8, C ; [33 ], 012 110kGy 0 1 120d, C ; [11 ], 210 610kGy, C ;Quaranta H O [34 ], l. 0 210kGy, C ; [35 ] 0105 0150kGy 5, 0-4,0175kGy, 0-6, C ( P 0105) ;Mitchell G E [36 ], C, ; [37 ], 015 115kGy, C ; [38 ] 015 110kGy, C,15d,100d 39162 % 11212 C,110kGy [39 ] 019kGy [40 ], C ; Sekhavat, Kudva [41 ], 0105 0115kGy, 8 75 % 85 % 12, C ;110kGy C ;0111 110kGy C ; l. 0kGy C ; 0125 310kGy, 4 C [23 ] ; [42 ] 013 015kGy C ; [43 ] 015 115 215kGy C ; [11 ] 2 6kGy, C ; Lee S K [44 ] C, 110kGy C ; Fan X [45 ], 015 110kGy C 11213 C [46 ], 110 315kGy C,210 410kGy, C [47 ] 015 110kGy, C 2 C, 60 Co C, C, C C, C 211 [6 ], C C, C [10 ],, C, C 212 C [1 ] 113kGy 0102mgΠ100g C, 85 %, 0102mgΠ100g
2 60 Co C 305 C, C,, C,,, C [1,33 ],, C,,, [48 ], [49 ], C ( B 3 ), C 90 %,,, C 30 %, [50 ] 213 C,,, C [43, 45 ] [8 ] 013 015 017kGy, C,, 214 C [49 ] 910kGy, C [51 ] T K [23 ], 0102 0106kGy C C C 215,, C, C, [19, 20, 52 ] C,,,, C, C, C [19 ],0105 0115kGy C,, C 21511 C C,, C Lee C Y [7 ], 171d C, (65 %),015kGy (43 %) ; [8 ], 163d,013 015 017kGy C 60 % 47 % 38 %, 80 % ; [38 ] 015 110kGy, C, 15d, 100d 39162 % ; [53 ], 4, C ; [54 ] l. 0kGy, 40d, C [9 ], 0 3kGy, C 1 10, C 21512 C [20 ] 80 250Gy, C, 60d 90d, C ; [43 ], 015 115 215kGy 7d, C ; [55 ] 0104 0110kGy, 7, C 0104kGy C 5111mg/ 100g, 1, l. 05mg/ 100g 21513 C [56 ], 710kGy 6, C 19196mg/ 100g, ( ) C 1210mg/ 100g, 3 311 C, ( ) 312, C 510kGy C 20 % 30 % [50 ],,,,, C 313,
306 23,, C 314, C,, 315, C,, 31511 510kGy C, 31512, C 31513 ( ) 31514 C, C ; ( ) C 31515,, C, C, [57 ] : [ 1 ]. [J ].,1987, 5 (4) :29 34 [ 2 ] Graham W D, Stevenson M H, Stewart E M,et al. Effect of irradiation dose and irradiation temperature on the thiamin content of raw and cooked chicken breast meat[j ]. J Sci Food Agric, 1998, 78 (4) :559 564 [ 3 ] Food Irradiation and Vitamin Loss. Food & Water Watch, http :ΠΠwww. foodandwaterwatch.org, 2007, 11 [ 4 ] Mitchell G E. Effect of low dose irradiation on composition of tropical fruits and vegetables [J ]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1992, 5 : 291 311 [ 5 ]. [D]. ( ), :,l990 :68 77 [ 6 ]. [J ].,l997,18 (1) :18 20 [ 7 ] Lee C Y,Salunkhe D K. Effects of gamma radiation on freezedehydrated apples ( Pyrus malus) [J ]. Nature, 1966, 210 (5039) : 971 972 [ 8 ],,,,,,. [J ].,1997, (4) :41 43 [ 9 ],. C [J ].,2004,25 (3) :39 40 [10 ] Roushdy Salwa H M,Magoli E L. [D]., :,1980 :93 98 [11 ],,,,. Vc [J ].,1996,24 (4) :508 511 [12 ] Youssef, Bothaina M, et al. Combined effect of steaming and gamma irradiation on the quality of mango pulp stored at refrigerated temperature [J ]. Food Research International, 2002, 35 : 1 13 [13 ] Mitchell G E. Effect of low dose irradiation on composition of tropical fruits and vegetables [J ]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 1992,5 : 291 311 [14 ] Lacroix, Monique. Effect of irradiation on the biochemical and organoleptic changes during the ripening of papaya and mango fruits[j ]. Radiat Phys Chem, 1990, 35 (1 3) : 296 300 [15 ] Karp, David. Thailand will be allowed to ship once2forbidden fruit [J ]. San Jose Mercury News, 2007, (4) : 23 30 [16 ]. [J ].,2000, (5) : 59 63 [17 ],,,. [J ].,1996, (5) :19 21 [18 ],,,,,. 60 Co [J ].,20 (4) : 68 71 [19 ] ChO,Han ok. Han guk Sikp um Kwahakhoech[J ]. 1984,16 (1) :66 70 [20 ],,,,,,,. [J ].,2004,18 (1) :26 29 [21 ]. - 60 [ D]. ( ), :,1990 :84 89 [22 ],,. 60 Co [J ].,1994, (3) :37 38 [23 ] T K. Food Irradiation Information[M]. 1981, 11 :21 32 [24 ] Wang J, Chao Y. Effect of gamma irradiation on quality of dried potato [J ]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2003, 66 (04) : 293 297 [25 ] Jun Wang, Yaoshun Du. The effect of 2ray irradiation on the drying characteristics and final quality of dried potato slices[j ]. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2005, 40 (01) : 75 82 [26 ] ChO,Han ok. O Han guk Sikp um Kwahakhoech[J ]. 1984,16 (2) :182 184 [27 ] Farkas J. Effects of low dose gamma radiation of shelflife and microbiological safety of precutπprepared vegetables[j ]. Adv Food Sci, 1997, 19 : 111 119 [28 ],,,,. [J ].,2003,17 (3) :225 228
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences 2009,23 (2) :302 307 [29 ],,,,,. [J ].,1995,16 (6) :266 268 [30 ]. 60 Co [J ].,1990,8 (2) :90 94 [31 ],,,. [J ].,2003,36 (9) :1081 1085 [32 ],,. [J ].,2006,20 (3) :233 235 [33 ],,,. [J ].,1994,15 (4) :156 158 [34 ] Quaranta H O. [M].,1985, (1) :24 25 [35 ]. 60 Co [J ].,l993,14 (3) :161 166 [36 ] Mitchell G E. Effects of low dose irradition on composition of tropical fruits and vegetable[j ]. J Comp Anal,1992, (5) :291 311 [37 ]. - 60 [D]. ( ), :,1990 :210 217 [38 ],,,. [J ].,1993,14 (3) :120 123 [39 ]. [J ].,l992,13 (3) :124 126 [40 ] [ M]. :,1979 :110 121 [41 ]., :1980 :85 87 [42 ]. 60 Co [J ].,1993,12 (4) :76 78 [43 ],. [J ].,2002,31 (3) :16 18 [44 ] Lee S K. Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops[j ]. Postharvest Biol Tech,2000, 20 :207 220 [45 ] Fan X. Warm water treatment in combination with modified atmosphere packaging reduced undesirable effects of irradiation on the quality of freshcut iceberg lettuce[j ]. Agric Food Chem, 2003, 51 :1231 1236 [46 ]. [D]. 1995 ( ), :,1995 :85 87 [47 ],,,,. [J ].,1996,17 (2) :93 97 [48 ]. [M]. :,1984,21 :7 19 [49 ]. [M]. :,1979 :167 177 [50 ],,,. [J ].,2005,21 (5) :45 48 [51 ]. ( ) [ M]. :,1974 :3 9 [52 ] Diehl J H. Combined effects of irradiation, storage, and cooking on the vitamin E and B1 levels of foods[j ]. Food Irradiation, 1967, 10 : 2 7 [53 ]. [D]. ( ), :,1990 :46 53 [54 ]. [D]. ( ), :, 1990 :80 83 [55 ]. [J ].,1994,15 (3) :130 l32 [56 ] Chen yuntang, Bi yanlan, Zhang jianwei. Study on comprehensive technique of radio2preservation of walnut pips[j ]. Proceedings of the 7th international working conference on stored2product protection, 1997, (2) : 1129 1133 [57 ] Olson D G, Irradiation of food[j ]. Food Technol, 1998, 52 (1) :56 62 307 ( 340 ) [ 4 ],,,. / [J ]., 2003,9 (3), 264 270 [ 5 ],. [J ]., 2002,16 (6), 397 402 [ 6 ],,,,,. 2 15 N 2 [J ]., 1995,1 (3 4) :53 58 [ 7 ],,,,. - [J ]., 2002,39 ( ), 228 237 [ 8 ],,,,,. / [J ]., 2001, 015 (004), 207 212 [ 9 ] De J P, Abreu M E, et al. Nitrogen uptake in relation to water availability in wheat[j ]. Plant and Soil,1993,134 :89 96 [10 ],,,,,. [J ]., 2007,21 (3) :295 298 [11 ],,. 15 N [J ].,1999,13 (6) :362 367 [12 ],,,. [J ].,1995,1 (2) :80 87 [13 ].. :,. [M]. :,1992 :213 249