2004, 31 (1) : 124129 Acta Horticulturae Sinica 1 2 2 ( 1, 310012 ; 2, 400038) : 1895, 10 20 80,,, (), 1990,, : ; ; ; ; : S 68814 : A : 05132353X (2004) 0120124206 The Origin and Applied Region of Zoysiagrasses in USA Xu Ligen 1, Tan Zhijian 2, and Tan Jiqing 2 ( 1 College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012; Chongqing 400038) 2 Chongqing Municipal Research Institute of Landscape, Abstract : Zoysia japonica Steud. was first introduced to USA from the northeast part of China in 1895. Af2 ter that, more than 10 species of Zoysia grasses were introduced from China, Korea and other South2Asia areas. Since 1980πs, the warm2season turfgrasses, particularly Zoysiagrass cultivars, have been increasingly used because of the decline in quality of the cool2season turfgrasses as a result of environmental stresses and diseases in the transi2 tion regions between cool and warm climates in USA. Several types of new Zoysia grass cultivars have been select2 ed, bred, and planted in the South and transition regions in USA. On the other hand, China has been importing large quantities of the cool2season turfgrass seeds from USA since 1990πs and planted them in almost every city in the country. Many problems with the cool2season turfgrasses have recently surfaced in China. This paper will dis2 cuss the valuable lessons that other countries have learned, and will offer suggestions for the development of the do2 mestic industrialization of turfgrasses in China. Key words : Zoysiagrass ; USA ; Application ; Origin ; Region ; Lawn,,, 1, 200 () 2,3, (Japanese lawngrass), () 4 K. L. Willdenow 18 Karl von Zois, 1801 Zoysia Willd.,, C 4 58 10,,, 42 10 N 43 24 N 3, ( Cynodon Rich. ) ( Eremochloa Buse. ) : 2003-04 - 07 ; : 2003-10 - 31 : (2003 C 30017) ;
125 1 : 3,5,79, 20 80 1840,, 3 1937 20 80,,,, ( Poa L. ) ( Lolium L. ) ( Festuca L. ) ( Agrostis L. ),,, 20 80 50 t, 90 200 t, 7000 t 10 10, 1000,, (), ;, ;, ;, ;, ;,, 23 ;, 20 80,,,,,, 5, 79,,, ;,,,,, 1 111 1895 ( Zoysia japonica Steud. ) 11 1911 C. V. Piper Z. matrella (L. ) Merr., ( Mascarene Islands) ( Z. tenuifolia Willd. ex Thiele) Frank N. Meyer,, 1905 11,, 1951 Meyer,, 20 80, 5,,, ( Z. sinica Hance) ( Z. macrostachya Franch. et Sav. ) ( Z. aristata Mueller) ( Z. macrantha Desvaux) ( Z. malaccensis Gandoger) ( Z. minima Zotov) ( Z. pacifica Hotta & Kuroki) ( Z. pauciflora Mez) ( Z. planifolia Zotov) ( Z. seslerioides Clayton et Richardson) ( Z. iodostachys Gandoger) 1113
1 26 31 112 30 1113, 15, 11211 ( Zoysia japonica Steud., Japanese lawngrass) (Meyer, Z - 52 ) 1905,,,,,, ( EL Toro ),,, Meyer,,, Meyer,,, (De Anza ) EL Toro, EL Toro,,,,,,,,,, (Belair ), Meyer,, Meyer ( Empire ) Meyer EL Toro,,,,,,,,,,, ( Empress ) Empire, Emerald, Meyer,,, (Palisades ),,,, (Crowne ),,,, (Companion ),,, ( Grey Leaf Spot), (Traveler ) (common zoysiagrass, Zoysia japonica),, (Sunrise ) Chinese common, (T - 1 Meyer ),, Meyer ( Zoysia japonica), Zen 200 CS Zent Meyer, Meyer Zen 300 CS Zent,,
127 1 : Meyer,,,,,,, Zen 400 CS Zent, Meyer,,,, SR 9000, (), SR 9100,,, Meyer,, J - 36,,, Zenith,,, EL Toro Meyer Emerald FLR - 800 Belair Meyer,, Meyer Belair,, Meyer, Meyer FLR - 900 Belair Meyer, (Meyer, Belair ), Meyer,,, Meyer FZ - 26 Bogor J. C. Koningsberger 1916,,,,, 315415 mm, 60 mm Zeon, Emerald,, 11212 Z. matrella (L. ) Merr., manilagrass,,,,, (Diamond ),,,, (Cavalier ),,, 11213 ( Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Thiele, Mascarence grass), 11214 (Zoysia hybrids) ( Emerald ),,, Z - 3,,,, (Cashmere ),,,,, 2 : 1.,
1 28 31, ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7., ; 8. ( ), ( ) ; 9. ; 10.,, Donovan 14 Chamberlin 15,, J. D. Fry 1987 16 :, (),,,, 17,, 1000 42, 35 N, () 3 311,, 10,,,,,,, 10,,,,, 312, (300 d), ( 260 d),,,,,,,,,,,,, (, 15 25 ) (, 25 35 )
129 1 :,,,, 313 100,,, 5,79,,, 18,,,, : 1..., 1935. 106113 2 Richard W Smiley. Compendium of turfgrass diseases. USA : APS Press, 1992. 15 3,... :, 2002. 1153 4,.., 1991. 110 5,,,.. :, 2001. 191 6,,.. :, 1998. 1223 7,,.., 1998, 19 : 6372 8 Weng J H, Chen Y C. Variation of salinity tolerance in Zoysia clones collected from different habitats in Taiwan. Plant Prod. Sci., 2001, 4 (4) : 313316 9,.., 2001, (1) : 4042 10.., 2001, ( ) : 1112 11 Hanson A A, Juska F V, Burton G W. Turfgrass science. Agronomy Amer. Soc. Agron., 1974, 14 : 370409 12 Piper C V. Osterdamia matrellan (L. ) Kuntze ( Zoysia pungens Willd. ). Plant inventory, 1915, 33 : 43 13 Busey P, Reinert J A, Atilano R A. Genetic and environmental determinants of zoysiagrass adaptation in a subtropical region. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1982, 107 : 7982 14 Donovan H. Lawns and ground covers. Virginia : Alexansria, 1979. 3521 15 Chamberlin S. Lawns and ground covers. USA : HPBooks, 1982. 1329 16 Fry J D, Dernoeden P H. Growth of zoysia grass from vegetative plugs in response of fertilizers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1987, 112 (1) : 286289 17 Qian YL, Engelke M C. Performance of five turfgrass under linear gradient irrigation. HortScience 1999, 34 (5) : 893896 18,.., 2001, ( ) : 13 47,, 2001, ;, ;, ; ; : 30 () 12, : 100081