214,34(9) 2273~2278 China Environmental Science, *,,, (,, 184) (SPE UPLC/MS/MS), 9, 27.5~131.8ng/L, 72.8%~12.2%;,, 4, 7.6,12.9,5.6,91.6μg/L, 4.2,5.2,2.2,37.4μg/L, 2.,2.7,.6,24.4μg/L;. SPE UPLC/MS/MS X832;X82.4 A 1 6923(214)9 2273 6 Residue analysis method and environmental risk assessment of cephalosporin antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater. TANG Xin-yao, ZUO Jian-e *, YU Xin, YANG Bo, WANG Kai-jun (State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 184, China). China Environmental Science, 214,34(9) 2273~2278 Abstract Based on solid phase extraction (SPE) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), a testing method for 9 cephalosporin antibiotics, i.e., cefaclor, ceftriaxone, cephalexin, cefotaxime, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefalotin and cefradine, in pharmaceutical wastewater was established. The limit of quantitation was from 27.5 to 131.8ng/L, and the recovery efficiencies for different analytes ranged from 72.8% to 12.2%. With this method, cephalosporin antibiotics in the effluent of each processing unit of a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant (P-WWTP), which adopted two-stage biological oxidation processes, were tested. Ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefotaxime and cefuroxime were found in the pharmaceutical wastewater. Their average concentrations in influents were 7.6, 12.9, 5.6 and 91.6μg/L, in effluents of first-stage oxidation unit were 4.2, 5.2, 2.2 and 37.4μg/L, and in effluents of second-stage oxidation unit were 2., 2.7,.6 and 24.4μg/L, respectively. Risk quotient method was utilized to evaluate the environmental risks of these four antibiotics in the effluents, and all the results were high risk levels. Key words cephalosporin antibiotics SPE-UPLC/MS/MS pharmaceutical wastewater environmental risk assessment, [1]. [1],.,,, [2 5], (PPCPs) [5]., PPCPs, [6]. PPCPs [7] [8 11],. (LC MS/MS) 214 1 12 (29ZX7529 6, 212ZX725 1) *,, jiane.zuo@tsinghua.edu.cn
2274 34,(SPE), [12,16] [9,11 13,] [1,16] [12,14 ].. (SPE UPLC/MS/ MS,),,. 1 1.1 (USP), Dr. Ehrenstorfer. 91.8%, 92.4%, 93.7%, 94.7%, 98%., J. T. Baker ;, DikmaPure ;. Millipore Mili Q., 9 (5mg/L) (5mg/L),, 2. Supelco 24 Waters Oasis HLB (6cc/5mg) (5mL ),, (5mL ), Waters (Quattro Premier XE), MassLynx V4.1. (ESI+) (MRM);( 99.99%), ( 99.99%).,,. ESI(+) [14,17],,, 9 ( 1 g/l, 5μg/L) 2 L/min., ;,,,,. 1. ACQUITY UPLC Waters BEH C 18 1.7μm(2.1 5mm Column); 35..1%(A).1% (B);.4mL/min, A B 1%; ~1.9min,A 5.% 14.5%; 1.9~4.4min,A 14.5% 2.%; 4.4~5.54min,A 2.% 3.%; 5.54~5.541min,A 3.% 5.%, 2min. 1.3, 1, 3 (1 2 3). 213 7 1 9 18 26, 3, 8h 1 ; 1 1mL, 2 3 3mL.,4,48h. (1μg/L ).22μm, ; 1.2 UPLC MS/MS : ( 1μg/L),. 2.5kV, 12, 4, 9L/h, 5L/h,.1mL/min, 1 L; 1.4 (RQ).RQ
9 2275 (PEC)(MEC) (PNEC). RQ, 3, RQ.1~.1,.1~1., 1 [6]. SPE UPLC/MS/MS, MEC, PNEC, RQ. 1 2 3 1 Fig.1 Process of the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant 2 2.1.,,, [17]., +.1%+.1%.1%+.1% 3. 5μg/L,.4mL/min. 4.,.1%,9 8min,,, ( 3).,, 9,.1%.1%. 1 8 2.1min 2.37min 2.27min TIC 1.52e6 lg () 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 +.1%+.1%.1%+.1% (%) 6 4 2 1.99min 1.68min 2.61min 2.72min 3.2min 5.26min 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (min) 3 9 (5μg/L) Fig.3 Chromatogram of the 9 cephalosporin standards (5μg/L) 2 Fig.2 Mobile phase s effect on targets peak area 2,, 5 (Peak Area), 2.2,, [18],,.,,. 3%
2276 34 +2% ;, Na 2 EDTA [4]. 8%. ph [18]. Oasis HLB, ph,,. ph, Oasis HLB, HLB (5mL 5mL ) ( 5mL/min)(5mL ) (2h)(5mL )(37 ) (1mL ), ph 3 4 5 6 7 8.,pH=5,, 72.8%~12.2%, 9.51%. SPE UPLC/MS/MS (LOQ) : IQL 1 LOQ (1) R(%) C :IQL, S/N 1:1,μg/L;R SPE, ;C. IQL, 1 ;C 1( 5ng/L). IQL 1μg/L,9 (R 2 >.99)., 27.5~ 131.8ng/L. 1 Table 1 Optimized parameters for MS/MS and method assessment (V) (m/z) (ev) (m/z) ± (n=6) (%) IQL (μg/l) LOQ (ng/l) 368.2 2 555.1 348.3 2 456.3 17 35.3 17 455.1 2 447.2 2 339.3 25 419.1 174.7 a 9.2±9.51 5 55.4 7 191.7 b 74.9±3.64 5 66.8 84.±6.48 5 59.5 12.2±8.44 5 48.9 72.8±9.33 2 27.5 99.4±5.4 5 5.3 82.5±6.4 1 121.2 79.5±4.67 5 62.9 75.9±9.8 1 131.8 13 1 1 1 11 1 1 13 396.4 a 8.5 a 396.9 a 8.5 a 323.8 a 386.7 a 2.7 a 359.7 a 18 18 14 324.8 b 174.6 b 324.9 b 176.6 b 295.8 b 342.5 b 197.7 b 3.7 b : a, b 2.3,. 4, 4. (42.4~119.μg/L), (1.6~ 14.5μg/L) (5.1~1.μg/L) (5.~6.3μg/L).,.
9 2277 91.6,37.4, 24.4μg/L; 3 12.9,5.2,2.7μg/L; 3 7.6,4.2,2.μg/L; 3 5.6,2.2,.6μg/L., 59.2% 59.8% 44.8% 6%; 4 34.8% 47.% 52.5% 75.1%; 4 73.4% 78.7% 73.8% 9.%.,,. ( g/l) 2. 175.. 125. 1. 75. 5. 25. 95.5 19.3 119. (a) 42.4 43.4 51.2 4.6 14.3 213-7-1 213-7-9 213-7-18 213-7-26 26.9 1.6 24.9 35.1 ( g/l) 2. 18. 16. 14. 12. 1. 8. 6. 4. 2. (b) 213-7-1 14.5 213-7-9 14.1 12.2 213-7-18 1.6 213-7-26 6.4 6. 5.2 4.2 4. 3.1 1.9.8 ( g/l) 14. 12. 1. 8. 6. 4. 2. (c) 213-7-1 12. (d) 213-7-1 1. 213-7-9 6.3 213-7-9 213-7-18 1. 213-7-18 213-7-26 7.4 5.8 5.2 213-7-26 8.1 8. 5.1 5.1 3.6 3.8 6. 5. 4.5 2.6 3.7 2.4 4. 2.4 1.22.1 1.5 1.5 1. 2..7 n.d. n.d. 4 4 Fig.4 The 4kinds of cephalosporin residue concentration in pharmaceutical wastewater n.d.: ( g/l) 2.4 73.%,, (1.6~35.1μg/L),(.8~4.2μg/L) 1.~3.8μg/L) (n.d.~1.5μg/l). [14,19]. 4. RQ, 2, RQ 1.,.,.,,.
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