2003 3 :100124918 (2003) 0320082286 : G443 :A 1 2 2 (11, 266001 ;21, 100875) : 170, 3 : 0180 0186, 0178 0184, 0175 0176 ; : ; 1 Freudenberger [1 ] 1974,, (Burnout), (wear out),,,,, [2 ],,, [3 ],, 211 [4 ] :, Dworkin [5 ] 50, 22 : ( meaninglessness ) 12, 16 16 ( powerlessness) ( isolation ), 3210 % ; 34, (normalessness) Maslach [6 ] 68 %( ) : (emotional exhaustion) 3115 50, (depersonalization) (a reduced 47, 94 % sense of personal accomplishment),,, Maslach 75 124 (Maslach Burnout Inventory, MBI) [6 ], 11 210, 201, 3 : 170 ( 60 99 ( human services survey) (educators survey) (general survey) [7 ] 82,, 2 : 11 ), 8416 % 49, 3112 ( SD = 810) ; 3 : (1969 - ),,,,.
: 118, 3016 ( SD = 611),3, ( ) MBI, 34 ( 2118 %) 30 ( 1716 %) 21 ( 1214 %) 28( 1615 %) 30 ( 1916 %) 24 ( 1411 %) ; 13 ; 9 ; 57 ( 3315 %) : 31, MBI 11, 3016 ( SD = 814) ; 19, 3017 ( SD = 519) 1 212, Maslach, MBI, 0 6 MBI,,, :1) ;2), ;3) 3,,,,, 0130, 0105,,, ( 27 % ),,, t, 20 9 15 27 34 0105, 31 9 15 27 34 30 EBI, ( ) 3 12 3, 21312 ( General Self2Efficacy Scale, GSES) 2002, Jerusalem Schwarzer,, [8 ] GSES 25, 10, 21 3 21311 ( Educator Burnout Inventory, EBI) Maslach 0182 ; GSES (MBI) MBI 3,, GSES EE :1 2 3 6 8 13 14 16 20 ; DP :5 10 11 15 22 ;PA :4 7 9 12 17 18 19 21, 42,,,, 14, 36,3 13 11 12 22 MBI, 14 7 likert,, 4 PA, 5 DP, 6 :4 5 8 10 4 Zhang Schwarzer [9 ] [10, ] ( ) 0187, ( EE) (DP) ( PA), GSES 0184, 0189 21313 ( Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, ATQ) 22 MBI, ATQ Hollon Kendall, [11, MBI ( depression) ] 83
2003 3 ATQ : 30, 3 ;2) ;3), 3 3 ;4) 30, 5 [7 ], (Promax,Kappa = 2),, ATQ Harrell ( 013), Ryon 0196, 0198, 7 ATQ 0190, 0195 214 SPSS1010, ( Promax, Kappa = 2), KMO 0187, Bartlett, 2 1530159 ( df = 3 311 EBI, 3 7, 21 21, 3 210), 01001, 1 2 3 DP EE PA,3, 53157 % 1 1(DP) 2( EE) 3(PA) 31 01755 01564 2 01810 01687 28 01734 01523 32 01733 01633 8 01784 01762 7 01687 01495 29 01730 01588 1 01751 01526 18 01686 01455 11 01710 01509 3 01719 01717 24 01665 01563 35 01695 01493 12 3-01661 01566 19 01648 01473 10 01629 01493 26 01657 01411 17 01643 01471 23 01530 01425 6 01516 01491 33 01516 01405 61578 21616 21056 ( %) 311323 ( %) 121457 ( %) 91792 ( %) 311323 ( %) 431780 ( %) 531572 :11 013 ;21 3 ;31 EE: ;DP : ;PA : 312 EBI, 2 (D ),,EE EE t ( 2), 0159 0187,DP DP 01001 0164 0179,PA PA 0163 0171 3, ( ) 2 EBI EE DP PA r D r D r D 2 0180 2163 31 0175 2197 28 0168 1187 8 0187 3120 32 0179 2186 7 0169 1150 1 0168 2154 29 0175 2165 18 0168 2108 3 0184 3111 11 0172 2157 24 0171 1187 12 0174 2182 35 0171 2171 19 0168 1177 26 0159 1196 10 0164 1183 17 0169 1162 6 0169 2145 23 0165 2136 33 0163 1177 : D t 01001 84
: 313 EBI,MBI 3 ( ), 3 3 3, 0180, (PA) 0178, 0183 EBI MBI 3, ;3 0175 0176 3 3 EBI EE DP PA 0186 0184 0180 0183 0184 0178 0176 0176 0175, 314 EBI EE DP [15 ] EBI 3 3, Lee Ashforth 4,DP 0164 [16 ] 1158, 3, PA 0147,, 4111, 3 ;3, 0132 0147 [7, ] ; [16 EBI 3 GSES ATQ Π ], [13 4 PA 0147, ] 0101, EE,, DP ; EE DP Maslach 0136 0138, 0101, [7 ],, PA, 4 EBI, PA 0147, M SD EE DP PA EE 3102 1112 1100 DP 1158 1111 0147 33 1100 PA 4111 0176-0132 33-0139 33 1100 EFF 2166 0155-0134 33-0121 33 0147 33 DEP 1181 0156 0136 33 0138 33-0115 3 :11 3 p < 0105, 3 3 p < 01011 21 EFF : ;DEP : 4,, EBI EBI MBI 3, 21, MBI ;,MBI 512 ( EBI), MBI [7 ] [12 ], MBI : [13, 14 ],,, ; ; EE DP ; EE DP PA,, EBI EBI, 3 0175 0176,,, 5 511 3 : [ 1 ] Freudenberger H J. Staff burn2out. Journal of Social Issues, 85
2003 3 1974, 30 :159-165. [ 2 ] Leithwood K A, Menzies T, Jantzi D. Leithwood J. Teacher burnout : a critical challenge for leaders of restructuring schools. Vandenberghe R, Huberman A M. ( 1999 ). Understanding and Preventing Teacher Burnout : A Sourcebook of International Research and Practice. Cambridge University Press, 1999 : 85-114., 2002, 7 (3) : 82-85. [ 4 ] Byren B M. The Nomological network of teacher burnout : a literature review and empirically validated model. In Vandenberghe, R., Huberman, A. M. ( 1999 ). Understanding and Preventing Teacher Burnout : A Sourcebook of International Research and Practice. Cambridge University Press, 1999 : 15-37. [ 5 ] Dworkin A G. Teacher burnout in the public schools. State University of New York Press, Albany. 1987. [ 6 ] Maslach C, Jackson S E. The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 1981,2 : 99-113. [ 7 ] Maslach C, Schaufeli, Leiter, Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 2001 : 402-420. [ 8 ] Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M. Generalized self2efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston, Measures in Health Psychology : A User s Portfolio. Causal and control beliefs (pp. 35-37). Windsor, UK: NFER2NELSON. 1995. [ 9 ] Zhang J X, Schwarzer R. Measuring optimistic self2beliefs : A In Chinese adaptation of the General Self2Efficacy Scale. Psychologia, 1995, 38 (3) : 174-181. [10 ],,.., 2001,7 (1) : 37-40. [11 ],,. ( ). 1999 : 215-217. [ 3 ]. :. [12 ] Schutte N, Toppinen S, Kalimo R, Schaufeli W. The factorial validity of the Maslach burnout inventory2general survey (MBI2GS) across occupational groups and nations. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2000, 73 (1) : 53-66. [13 ] Boles J S, Dean D H, Xavier J M R, Short J C, Wang G P. The dimensionality of the Maslach Burnout Inventory across small business owners and educators. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2000, 56 (1) :12-34. [14 ] Evers W J G, Brouwers A, Tomic W. Burnout and self2 efficacy : A study on teachers beliefs when implementing an innovative educational system in the Netherlands. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 2002, 72 : 227-243. [15 ] Cordes C L, Dougherty T W. A review and an integration of research on job burnout, Academy of Management Review, 1993, 18 : 621-656. [16 ] Lee R T, Ashforth B E. A meta2analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1996, 81 : 123-133 Development of Educator Burnout Inventory WAN G Guo2xiang LIU Chang2jiang WU Xin2chun ( Department of psychology, Beijing Normal University 100875) Abstract :The aim of the study is to develop a tool, Educator Burnout Inventory ( EBI), to measure teacher s job burnout in China. 170 teachers in the middle and high schools were participated in the investigation. Results indicated that EBI had 3 factors : emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. The indices of the reliability were between 0. 80 0. 86 for the internal consistency (Cronbach s coefficient), 0. 78 0. 84 for split2half reliability, 0. 75 0. 76 for test2retest estimates. The 3 dimensions of the EBI correlated significantly with self2efficacy and depression. requirement. Key words :Burnout ; Teacher In a sum, the Educator Burnout Inventory met the psychometric 86