Chinese Journal of Zoology 2011 46 5 8 ~ 15 * 518060 23 09'00. 31 N 114 22'26. 59 E Prolecithophora Plagiostomum sp. 4. 51 ~ 6. 00 mm 4 Rhabdocoela Macrostomida 18 ~ 25 1 10 ~ 15 d 5 ~ 12 20 ~ 25 d 1 /3 ~ 1 /2 Q954. 52 A 0250-3263 2011 05-08-05 Biological Characteristics of Plagiostomum sp. Prolecithophora Plagiostomidae GAO Juan WANG An-Tai * ZHANG Yu College of Life Sciences Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Abstract This study for the first time reported a newly recorded order of turbellarians in China. Prolecithophora a species Plagiostomum sp. was collected from East River in Huizhou City 23 09'00. 31 N 114 22'26. 59 E Guangdong Province. It was 4. 51-6. 00 mm long with 4 eyes a blunt round head and a tapered tail. Its body whose middle part appeared spindle-shaped was covered with irregular brown fine grain. This flatworm was inactive and showed no response to light stimulation. It could feed on Rhabdocoela and Macrostomida turbellarians. It laid 1 egg per day and 5-10 larvae were hatched from one egg in 10-15 d subsequently these larvae matured in 20-25 d at 18-25. Histological observation showed that the basement membrane beneath which there was brown fine grain was one-third to half the thickness of its ectoderm. The ovary was anterior to testis and both of them were located in both sides of enteron. Suprisingly there was no boundary between ovary and testis. Bursa copulat rix receptaculum seminalis deferens and oviduct were absent. Extraneous spermatozoa distributed extensively around brain ovarymesoblast and endothelium of alimentary canal. Fleshy copulatory apparatus was circled in its sheath. Finally this paper discussed the taxonomy and distribution of this species. No. 2009ZX07423-003 2009ZX07101-011-03 2010 B * E-mail wang118@ szu. edu. cn E-mail 472955215@ qq. com 2011-05-03 2011-06-30
5 9 Key words Prolecithophora New record Plagiostomum 1. 3 4 000 20 21 1 10 Macrostomida 6 2-5 Rhabdocoela 11 6-13 Lecithoepitheliata 1 14 Prolecithophora 30 1. 4 2% 4. 5 ~ 6. 0 mm 4 g 0. 01 mol / L PBS 5 min 9 cm Plagiostomidae Olympus SZX16 2 Plagiostomum Plagiostomum sp. 2 /3 2 min 75% 1. 5 2% Bouin 1 1. 1 23 09'00. 31 N 114 22'26. 59 E 1. 6 Eichhornia crassipes Olympus BX51 Olympus DP72 20 ph 6. 8 80 DP 2-BSW Photoshop 8. 0 Excel 80 2 2. 1 1. 2 12. 5 cm 2. 1. 1 Paramecium Philodina Dalyelliidae Macrostomida 1 mm 1 Limnodrilus Diaphanosoma mm Chironomidae 2. 1. 2 Dugesia japonica 1 mm 1 mm 1 3 1 ~ 2 h 2 ~ 5 s 1 Ⅰ 1 ~ 3 2 d ph 6. 8 ~ 7. 0 10 ~ 24 6 μm H. E H. E
10 Chinese Journal of Zoology 46 2 Ⅰ 11 17. 33 ± 2. 19 μm 37. 81 ± 4. 11 μm 228. 36 ± 23. 42 μm 253. 17 ± 15. 82 μm 35. 62 ± 5. 12 μm 269. 35 ± 1 /4 2. 1. 3 18 ~ 25 1 1 /3 ~ 1 /2 Ⅱ 1 23. 54 ± 9. 26 μm n = 20 8. 53 ± 1. 84 μm n = 10 Ⅱ 2 10. 2 ± 4. 9 min n = 10 30 334. 64 ± 20. 39 μm n = 30 Ⅰ 4 305. 12 ± 18. 73 μm n = 30 12. 67 ± 2. 28 d n = 30 1 ~ 4 d 5 d 7 d Ⅱ 4 Ⅰ 5 10 d 8. 65 ± 3. 50 n = 30 200 μm 5 d 17 ~ 23 4 53 μm 38 μm ~ 92 μm 58 μm Ⅱ Ⅰ 6 ~ 10 6 d 5 1 ~ 3 11 d 20 d Ⅱ 5 22. 2 ± 2. 6 d n = 30 90 ~ 120 d 4 2 16. 56 μm n = 10 1 /2 2. 3 Ⅱ 1 ~ 8 Ⅱ 4 283 μm 67 μm ~ 310 μm 81 μm 147. 63 ± 32. 18 μm n = 10 Ⅱ 5 2. 2 5. 42 ± Ⅱ 8 0. 68 mm 1. 28 ± 0. 08 mm n = 10
5 11 17 4 4 Ⅰ 12 10 ~ 16 μm Ⅰ 13 Okugawa 29. 78 ± 6. 44 μm n = 5 6. 28 ± 2. 13 μm n = 5 Ⅰ 14 3 3. 1 Plagiostomum sp. 3. 2 150 20 15-19 21 2 ~ 4 19 2003 10 29 41'00. 67 N 15-19 121 17'08. 22 E 2004 6 ~ 2011 3 3 23 09' 00. 31 N 114 22' 26. 59 E 22 33'57. 88 N 114 08'43. 07 E 15-19 15-19 160 3. 3 15 85 19 ph 6. 8 Plagiostomum lacustre 16 ~ 7. 2 15 ~ 25 P. lemani 17 2 Lemna minor 18 16 - Du Plessis 17 1874 Lac Leman 19
12 Chinese Journal of Zoology 46 2007 2009 2008 22 1.. 2000 35 7 11-13. 2.. 2005 30 4 714 23-720. 2 5 3.. 2004 29 4 700-701. 4. 3. 4 6 3 10-126. Ⅱ 5 Ⅱ 3 ~ 5 2 300-308. 22 200 μm 3 516-519. 10 11 Ⅱ 5 13 2 433-437. 2003 2007 2008. 2011 30 1 39-44. 5.. 2004 39 4 55-58... 2008 33 1 123 7.. 2006 31 1 120-124. 8.. 2005 30 9.. 2005 30.. 2004 29 4 697-699... 2005 30 4 721-724. 12.. 2010 29 6 950-953. 2011 36 1 159-164... 14.. 2007 32 15Leidy J. Description of new genera of Vermes. Proc Acad Philadelphia 1850-1851 5 125-126.
5 13 16Bayliss H A. Turbellaria from Lake Tanganyika. Annals and Magazine of Natural History192720 9 380-385. 17Forel F ADu-Plessis G. Esquisse génerale de la Faune profunde du lac Léman. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 1874 13 46-57. 18Okugawa K I. A list of the fresh-water Rhabdocoelida found in Middle-Japanwith preliminary descriptions of new species. Memoirs of the College of Science Kyoto Imperial University Series B 1930 5 1 75-88. 19Tyler SSchilling SHooge Met al. 2006-2010 Turbellarian taxonomic database. Version 1. 6. EB / OL. 2011-04-20. http turbellaria. umaine. edu. 20Brusa F. First record of Prolecithophora Platyhelminthes from Argentina Plagiostomum cilioejaculator sp. n. Zootaxa 2006 1223 47-53. 21Schockaert E R Hooge M Sluys R et al. Global diversity of free living flatworms Platyhelminthes Turbellaria in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 2008 595 1 41-48. 22.. 2006 41 1 84-90. 23.. 2008 43 3 70. Ⅰ 1 ~ 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7 d 6 ~ 10. 6. 7. 6 8. 11 9. 18 10. 21 11. 12 ~ 14. 12. 13. 14. 13 Explanation of Plate Ⅰ 1-3. Process of predation 1. Pharynx fully extended 2. Swallow 3. Predation completed 4. Newly spawned egg showing the stalk of an egg 5. The 7th day showing an embryo 6-10. The individual growth of Plagiostomum sp. 6. Newly hatched larva 7. The 6th day 8. The 11th day 9. The 18th day 10. The 21rd day 11. Pressed head 12-14. Specimen dyed of copulatory apparatus 12. Eosin dyed showing a circling penis 13. Hematoxylin dyed 14. Magnification of part of figure 13. Ⅱ 1 ~ 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 ~ 8. 6. 7. 8. Explanation of Plate Ⅱ 1-3. Cross-section 1. Cross-section of pharynx showing asymmetric pharyngeal muscle 2. Cross-section of middle part of body showing an ovary 3. Cross-section of rare part of enteron showing testes 4. Longitudinal section of the whole body 5. Sagittal section of middle part of body showing testes and ovaries 6-8. Horizontal section of copulatory apparatus 6. Penis sheath of penis and gonocoel 7. Copulatory apparatus and female gonopore 8. Ootype and vesicula seminalis. b. e. eg. en. ep. et. fg. g. gc. o. oo. p. ph. pi. s. se. sh. sm. sp. ss. v. vd. vg. vs. t. b. Brain e. Eye eg. Egg en. Enteron ep. Epidermis et. Excretory tube fg. Female gonopore g. Gonocoel gc. Gland cells o. Ovary oo. Ootype p. Penis ph. Pharynx pi. Pigment s. Sperm se. Stalk of egg Sh. Sheath sm. Sperm mass sp. Spermatocyte ss. Stalk of sheath v. Vitellaria vd. Vas deferens vg. Vesicula granulorum vs. Vesicula seminalis t. Testes.
14 Chinese Journal of Zoology 46 GAO Juan et al. The Biological Characteristics of Plagiostomum sp. Prolecithophora Plagiostomidae Ⅰ Plate Ⅰ
5 15 GAO Juan et al. The Biological Characteristics of Plagiostomum sp. Prolecithophora Plagiostomidae Ⅱ Plate Ⅱ