Croy Lesson 18 First Declension SINGULAR PLURAL NOM -α / -η [-ης]* -αι GEN -ας / -ης [-ου]* -ων DAT -ᾳ / -ῃ -αις ACC -αν / -ην -ας VOC -α / -η -αι *Masculine Nouns of First Declension Second Declension SINGULAR PLURAL NOM -ος / -ον -οι / -α GEN -ου -ων DAT -ῳ -οις ACC -ον / -ον -ους / -α VOC -ε / -ον -οι / -α THIRD Declension SINGULAR PLURAL NOM -**- [**] -ες / -εις [-α ] GEN -ος / -ως / -ους -ων DAT -ι -σι ACC -α / -ιν [**] -ας / -εις [-α ] ** = These endings vary in the Third Declension [ ] = Neuter forms of Third Declension A participle is a verbal adjective In English, participles are verbs ending in ING 1
I was studying Greek. >> PERIPHRASTIC (or Supplementary) It is helping periphrase or supplementing a verb of being (usually εἰµι or γίνοµαι) It does sound just like the Imperfect Indicative Studying Greek, I sometimes want to scream. >> CIRCUMSTANTIAL (ADVERBIAL) Under the circumstance of (UTC ) While studying Because I m studying Since I m studying Even though I m studying Which one? CONTEXT! The seminarian studying Greek is a happy seminarian. >> ADJECTIVE The seminarian who is studying Greek Studying Greek is a lot of fun. >> SUBSTANTIVE (noun) I.e., like an adjective standing on its own I was studying Greek. >> PERIPHRASTIC (SUPPL.) VERBAL Studying Greek, I sometimes want to scream. >> CIRCUMSTANTIAL (ADV.) The seminarian studying Greek is a happy seminarian. ADJECTIVES >> ADJECTIVE Studying Greek is a lot of fun. >> SUBSTANTIVE Having studied Greek, I will be a better pastor. > an Aorist or Perfect Participle! A participle is a verbal adjective Like a verb: Expresses action Has tense (indicating kind of action and relative time) and voice Like an adjective Has gender, number, case Relates to (agrees with) a pro/noun or implied subject [or functions as a substantive] 2
FORMATION OF STEM: same as for INDIC verbs never augmented reduplication with PF changed stem for 2AOR, 2PF, and some FUT TENSE CODES: same as for INDIC verbs Present: -- Future: σ Aorist Active: σα (or changed stem) Aorist Passive: θε (or changed stem) Perfect: κ NO Imperfect or Pluperfect Ptcps! THEME VOWELS: similar to those for INDIC verbs Translating Participles A Rough Translation Active/Dep Middle Passive PRESENT FUTURE AORIST / PERFECT believing being about to believe / going to believe having believing onself being about to / going to believe onself having oneself being being about to / going to be having been NOTE: der, Number, Case does NOT matter in rough translation 3
οντος ο ντ ος οµενῃ ο µεν ῃ λεκοτες λε κ ο τ ες λεµενοις λε µεν οις ντ ντ ντ ντ ντ ντ ντ ντ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ ντ ντ ντ ντ ντ ντ ντ ντ 4
ο ντς ο ντος ο ντι ο ντα ο ντες ο ντων ο ντσι(ν) ο ντας ου σα ο ντ ου σης ο ντος ου σῃ ο ντι ου σαν ο ντ ου σαι ο ντα ου σων ο ντων ου σαις ο ντσι(ν) ου σας ο ντα ων ουσα ον οντος ουσης οντος οντι ουσῃ οντι οντα ουσαν ον οντες ουσαι οντα οντων ουσων οντων ουσι(ν) ουσαις ουσι(ν) οντας ουσας οντα Present MID/PASS/DEP Participles Present MID/PASS/DEP Participles µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν Present MID/PASS/DEP Participles µεν ος µεν η µεν ον µεν ου µεν ης µεν ου µεν ῳ µεν ῃ µεν ῳ µεν ον µεν ην µεν ον µεν οι µεν αι µεν α µεν ων µεν ων µεν ων µεν οις µεν αις µεν οις µεν ους µεν ας µεν α 5
Present MID/PASS/DEP Participles οµενος οµενη οµενον οµενου οµενης οµενου οµενῳ οµενῃ οµενῳ οµενον οµενην οµενον οµενοι οµεναι οµενα οµενων οµενων οµενων οµενοις οµεναις οµενοις οµενους οµενας οµενα ων ουσα ον οντος ουσης οντος οντι ουσῃ οντι οντα ουσαν ον οντες ουσαι οντα οντων ουσων οντων ουσι(ν) ουσαις ουσι(ν) οντας ουσας οντα Present Participle of εἰµί ων οντος οντι οντα οντες οντων ουσι(ν) οντας ουσα ουσης ουσῃ ουσαν ουσαι ουσων ουσαις ουσας ον οντος οντι ον οντα οντων ουσι(ν) οντα ὤν ὄντος ὄντι ὄντα ὄντες ὄντων οὖσι(ν) ὄντας οὖσα οὔσης οὔσῃ οὖσαν οὖσαι οὐσῶν οὔσαις οὔσας ὄν ὄντος ὄντι ὄν ὄντα ὄντων οὖσι(ν) ὄντα Lesson 18 - Vocabulary Participles ἁµαρτάνω βούλοµαι δώκω ἐργάζοµαι εὐαγγελίζοµαι κάθηµαι λογίζοµαι µή ὑπάρχω ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν for the following verbs in PTCP mood 1 οντας 2 οµενης 3 ουσας 4 πιστευων 5 προσευχοµενη 6 ἐσθιον 7 βαπτιζοµεναις 8 λεγων 9 λεγοντες 10 λογιζοµενος GNDR M F N NMBR S, P CASE NGDA TENSE Pres, Fut, Impf, Aor, Perf, Plpf VOICE Act, Mid, Dep, Pass Rough Transl. 6
Croy 18 - Exercises Participle Analysis Sheet for Croy 18 Participle Practice Worksheet Work on Croy 18 Vocabulary Quiz on Tuesday Participle Analysis: 4 Participles: GNC-TV; rough translation Can use participle sheet! Can use your declension patterns sheet! 7