Present. Active. Present. Active & M/P/D Imperfect Active & M/P/D. σῴζω γίνοµαι

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1 A Principal Parts Fall Greek 2004 Croy Lesson 15 Ω 1 Present (Deponent) Present & M/P/D Imperfect & M/P/D σῴζω γίνοµαι 2 Future (Deponent) Future and M/D σώσω γενήσοµαι (Deponent) and M/D ἔσωσα ἐγενόµην 4 and Pluperfect σέσωκα γέγονα 5 M/P and Pluperfect M/P σέσωσµαι γεγένηµαι 6 Passive Passive & Future Passive ἐσώθην ἐγενήθην Greek Tense Translating Greek Tense The Greek denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. What did you do yesterday? I was studying Greek. << IMPERFECT I studied Greek. << AORIT Why do you look so tired? I have been studying Greek. << PERFECT The Greek denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. πεπίστευκα I have believed. I have been believing. UBJ have/has PAT form of verb UBJ have/has been PAT PROGREIVE form of verb Translating Greek Tense Translating Greek Tense The Greek denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. γέγραπται It has been written It is written ἐγήγερται He has been raised He is risen NOTE that the perfect may sometimes best be translated like a Present Tense John (Raising of Lazarus) [Martha scolds Jesus for not having been there to prevent Lazarus death ] Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. Those who believe in me, even though they die, will live, and everyone who lives and believes in me will never die. πιστεύεις τοῦτο; λέγει αὐτῷ ναὶ κύριε, ἐγὼ πεπίστευκα ὅτι σὺ εἶ ὁ χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ 1

2 Greek Verb Formation Αug Redp TEM Tense Theme Ending PRE ACT -- TEM -- o/ε Prim PRE M/P/D -- TEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ TEM -- o/ε ec FUT ACT -- TEM σ o/ε Prim FUT M/D -- TEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ TEM σα/α -- ec 1AOR M/D ἐ TEM σα/α -- ecmp 1ΑΟR PA ἐ TEM θη -- ec 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *TEM -- o/ε ec 2ΑΟR PA ἐ *TEM η -- ec PERF ACT -- X TEM κα / α -- Prim PERFECT ACTIVE ICATIVE rd λυ PERFECT ACTIVE ICATIVE rd λέλυ PERFECT ACTIVE ICATIVE κα κα κα κα rd λέλυκα κα Add the κα tense code PERFECT ACTIVE ICATIVE κα καµεν κας κατε rd λέλυκε(ν) κασι(ν) or καν Add the Primary Endings NOTE: shortens to κε(ν) NOTE: Two possible forms in P Greek Verb Formation Αug Redp TEM Tense Theme Ending PRE ACT -- TEM -- o/ε Prim PRE M/P/D -- TEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ TEM -- o/ε ec FUT ACT -- TEM σ o/ε Prim FUT M/D -- TEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ TEM σα/α -- ec 1AOR M/D ἐ TEM σα/α -- ecmp 1ΑΟR PA ἐ TEM θη -- ec 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *TEM -- o/ε ec 2ΑΟR PA ἐ *TEM η -- ec PERF ACT -- X TEM κα / α -- Prim PERF MPD -- X TEM PrimMP 2

3 PERFECT MIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE rd λυ PERFECT MIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE rd λέλυ PERFECT MIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE µαι µεθα σαι λέλυσθε rd λέλυται λέλυνται Add the Primary Mid/Pass Endings directly to the TEM PERFECT MIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE 1 st πεπεισµαι πεπεισµεθα 2 nd rd γεγραπται πείθω γράφω Be aware of contractions with the tem and endings Greek Pluperfect Tense Translating Greek Pluperfect Tense The Greek Pluperfect denotes an action completed prior to some point in the past, with the focus on its result or continued status up to that point. (It s like a past tense of the.) The Greek Pluperfect denotes an action completed prior to some point in the past, with the focus on its result or continued status up to that point. (It s like a past tense of the.) I had studied Greek when I was a child. I had been studying Greek until I finished seminary. I had believed. I had been believing. UBJ had PAT form of verb UBJ had been PAT PROGREIVE form of verb

4 Greek Verb Formation Αug Redp TEM Tense Theme Ending PRE ACT -- TEM -- o/ε Prim PRE M/P/D -- TEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ TEM -- o/ε ec FUT ACT -- TEM σ o/ε Prim FUT M/D -- TEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ TEM σα/α -- ec 1AOR M/D ἐ TEM σα/α -- ecmp 1ΑΟR PA ἐ TEM θη -- ec 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *TEM -- o/ε ec 2ΑΟR PA ἐ *TEM η -- ec PERF ACT -- X TEM κα / α -- Prim PERF MPD -- X TEM PrimMP PLPF ACT (ἐ) X TEM κει / ει -- ec rd λυ rd λέλυ 1 st ἐλέλυ ἐ 2 nd ἐλέλυ ἐ rd ἐλέλυ ἐ Add the ἐ augment (usually) 1 st ἐλέλυκει ἐκει 2 nd ἐλέλυκει ἐκει rd ἐλέλυκει ἐκει Add the κει tense code 1 st ἐλέλυκειν ἐκειµεν 2 nd ἐλέλυκεις ἐκειτε rd ἐλέλυκει ἐκεισαν Add the econdary endings NOTE: Because there is so much other coding to indicate the PLPF, the ἐ augment is sometimes omitted 4

5 Greek Verb Formation Αug Redp TEM Tense Theme Ending PRE ACT -- TEM -- o/ε Prim PRE M/P/D -- TEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ TEM -- o/ε ec FUT ACT -- TEM σ o/ε Prim FUT M/D -- TEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ TEM σα/α -- ec 1AOR M/D ἐ TEM σα/α -- ecmp 1ΑΟR PA ἐ TEM θη -- ec 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *TEM -- o/ε ec 2ΑΟR PA ἐ *TEM η -- ec PERF ACT -- X TEM κα / α -- Prim PERF MPD -- X TEM PrimMP PLPF ACT (ἐ) X TEM κει / ει -- ec PLPF M/P (ἐ) X TEM ecmp PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE rd λυ ONLY OCCUR 7 TIME IN THE NT PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE rd λέλυ PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE 1 st ἐλέλυ ἐ 2 nd ἐλέλυ ἐ rd ἐλέλυ ἐ Add the ἐ augment (usually) INFINITIVE PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PAIVE ICATIVE 1 st ἐλέλυµην ἐµεθα 2 nd ἐλέλυσο ἐσθε rd ἐλέλυτο ἐντο Present 1 2 Passive Mid/Pass/Dep ειν (ε) σθαι (M/P/D) σαι (σα) σθαι (M/D) ειν (ε) σθαι (M/D) (θη / η) ναι (κε) ναι σθαι (M/P/D) Add the econdary Middle/Passive endings directly to the TEM 5

6 PREENT INFINITIVE ειν - εσθαι to be loosening / to keep on being loosened 1st AORIT INFINITIVE λῦσαι σασθαι to loosen / to be loosened 2 nd AORIT INFINITIVE λαβεῖν λαβέσθαι to take / to be taken AORIT PAIVE INFINITIVE λυθῆναι to be loosened βληθῆναι to be thrown PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE λελυκέναι to have loosened PERFECT MIDDLE/PAIVE/DEPONENT INFINITIVE σθαι to have been loosened (passive) PERFECT REDUPLICATION When verb begins with: Most consonants > simple reduplication πεπιστευκα λελυκα Vowel / diphthong > lengthen the vowel / diphthong ἀγαπαω> ἠγαπηκα Aspirated consonant (φ θχ) > reduplicated with corresponding unaspirated consonant θεραπευω > τεθεραπευκα φιλεω > πεφιληκα Double consonant (ψ ζξ) or two consonants > reduplicate with ἐ (yes, it looks just like an augment) ζητεω > ἐζητηκα σταυροω > ἐσταυρωµαι Irregulars: ee section 105, page 86f. ἐγγίζω ἕτερος, -α, -ον οὔπω πολλάκις Croy Lesson 15 Vocabulary ἀκήκοα γέγονα ἤγγικα ἐγήγερµαι ἔγνωκα εἴρηκα Croy Lesson 15 Vocabulary ANALYI ANALYI (for Inf, no Pers/#) ἤγγικεν ἐγνώκειτε σέσωκέν προείρηκα ἐξεληθει γεγονέναι PER 1 2 # P TENE Pres, Impf, Aor, Fut MOOD Ind Inf VOICE Mid Dep Pass TRAN (for Inf, no Pers/#) ἤγγικεν ἐγνώκειτε σέσωκέν προείρηκα ἐξεληθει γεγονέναι PER # P P TENE Pres, Impf, Aor, Fut,, Plpf Plpf Plpf MOOD Ind Inf INF VOICE M D P TRAN it has drawn near you had known s/he has saved I have spoken before s/he had gone out to have become 6

7 Croy Lesson 15 Exercises Do sentences 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 12 of Practice and Review Do NT #4 and 5 Work on: LP 15 Vocab Primary/econdary Endings Quiz on Tuesday the 14th active indicative and infinitive forms of λυω Translating & Pluperfect forms hort translation 7