C 10 α GRK 101 andout
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- Λώτ Μαλαξός
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1 C 10 α GRK 101 andout 1. Quiz Quote... ἀμφὶ δὲ νάρθηκας ὑβριστὰς ὁσιοῦσθ αὐτίκα γᾶ πᾶσα χορεύσει, Βρόμιος ὅστις ἄγηι θιάσους, εἰς ὄρος εἰς ὄρος. 2. Principal Parts = guide to stems and endings for each tense system Verbs mostly have six principal parts (deponents, five or fewer). These are for learning purposes; they provide a jumping-off-point for conjugating. ere follow principal parts for two verbs: A regular omega verb (λύω loosen ) A fairly regular deponent (ἐργάζοµαι work ) NOTE TAT PRINC. PARTS DON T SUPPLY FULL PARADIGMS; TEY RE MOSTLY GUIDES TO TENSE STEMS! (a) (b) λύω loosen. 1. λύω. Present system (= present, imperfect tenses). Stems λυ-, ἐλυ-. 2. λύσω. Active/middle future system (= future tense). Stem λύσ-. 3. ἔλυσα. Active/middle aorist system (= active, middle aorist). Stems ἐλυσ-, λυσ-. 4. λέλυκα. Active perfect system (i.e., perfect and pluperfect). Stems λέλυκ-, ἐλελυκ-. 5. λέλυµαι. Middle-passive perfect system (perfect, pluperfect, future perfect). Stems λέλυ-, ἐλελυ-, λελυσ- (future perfect). 6. ἐλύθην. Passive aorist system (passive aorist, passive future). Stems ἐλυθ-, λυθ-, λυθησ-. ἐργάζοµαι work (i.e., do productive work, versus πονέω = toil ) deponent verb. 1. ἐργάζοµαι. Present system (present and imperfect tenses). Stems ἐργαζ-, εἰργαζ-. 2. ἐργάσοµαι. Future system (middle future). Stem ἐργασ-. 3. εἰργασάµην. Aorist system (middle aorist). Stems εἰργασ-, ἐργασ-. 4. εἴργασµαι. Middle-passive perfect system (perfect, pluperfect, future perfect tenses). Stem εἰργασ-. 6. εἰργάσθην. Passive aorist system (passive aorist, passive future tenses). Stems εἰργασθ-, ἐργασθ-.
2 GRK 101 C 10 α andout 2 3. Future Tense = verb forms showing WAT IS GOING TO APPEN PRESENT: I run home. FUTURE: I will run home. Note that future tense has NO IMPERATIVE, just,,. 4. Types of Future (a) ACTIVE simple sigmatic future = sigma stem + pres active endings παιδεύ-ω I educate παιδεύσ-ω I will educate 1 st παιδεύσ-ω παιδεύσ-οµεν 2 nd παιδεύσ-εις παιδεύσ-ετε 3 rd παιδεύσ-ει παιδεύσ-ουσι(ν) παιδεύσ-ειν, to be going to educate παιδεύσ-ων, παιδεύσ-ουσα, παιδεῦσ-ον, intending to educate (b) MIDDLE simple sigmatic future = sigma stem + pres middle endings παύ-οµαι I stop (myself) παύσ-οµαι I will stop myself 1 st παύσ-οµαι παυσ-όµεθα 2 nd παύσ-ει (-ῃ) παύσ-εσθε 3 rd παύσ-εται παύσ-ονται παύσ-εσθαι, to be going to stop (oneself) παυσ-όµενος, παυσ-οµένη, παυσ-όµενον, intending to stop (oneself) (c) Regular contract (α-, ε-) verb future = lengthen stem vowel ( α η/ᾱ, ε η) προχωρ-έ-ω I advance προχωρ-ή-σ-ω, προχωρ-ή-σ-εις I, you will advance, etc. ὁρµ-ά-οµαι I set myself in motion ὁρµ-ή-σοµαι, ὁρµ-ή-σει, etc., I, you will set myself in motion (d) Regular SIGMA future stem + LABIALS (β, π, φ) = -ψω / -ψοµαι. λείπ-ω I leave (a thing behind) λείψ-ω, λείψ-εις, etc., I, you will leave, (etc.) γράφ-ω I write γράψ-ω, etc., I, will write, (etc.)
3 GRK 101 C 10 α andout 3 (e) (f) (g) Regular SIGMA future stem + VELARS (γ, κ, χ) = -ξω / -ξοµαι. πλέκ-ω I weave πλέξ-ω, etc., I will weave (etc.) δέχ-οµαι I receive δέξ-οµαι, δέξ-ει, etc., I, you will receive (etc.) regular dental consonant stem (-τ-, -δ-, -θ-, -ζ-) future = dental to sigma πείθ-ω I persuade πείσ-ω I will persuade ἐργάζ-οµαι I work ἐργάσ-οµαι I will work asigmatic (= no-sigma ) -ίζω (zeta) future = epsilon contracts καθίζ-ω I cause to sit καθι-ῶ I will cause to sit 1 st καθι-ῶ καθι-οῦµεν 2 nd καθι-εῖς καθι-εῖτε 3 rd καθι-εῖ καθι-οῦσι(ν) καθι-εῖν, to be going to cause to sit καθι-ῶν, καθι-οῦσα, καθι-οῦν, intending to cause to sit καθίζ-οµαι I sit (myself) καθι-οῦµαι I will sit (myself) (h) (i) 1 st καθι-οῦµαι καθι-οῦµεθα 2 nd καθι-εῖ (-ῇ) καθι-εῖσθε 3 rd καθι-εῖται καθι-οῦνται καθι-εῖσθε, to be going to sit (oneself) καθι-ούµενος, καθι-ουµένη, καθι-οῦµενον, intending to sit (oneself) More ίζω (zeta) future κοµίζω, κοµιῶ (active) bring, take, convey κοµίζοµαι, κοµιοῦµαι (middle) get (for me), acquire βαδίζω, (active present) βαδιοῦµαι (middle future) walk/go Deponent future = present in act., fut. in middle ἀκούω (act. forms) I hear ἀκού-σοµαι (middle forms) I will hear βαδίζω, βαδιοῦµαι walk/go see further and learn list on pp
4 GRK 101 C 10 α andout 4 (j) ighly irregular future τρέχω I run δραµοῦµαι I will run λαµβάνω I take λήψοµαι I will take ἔχω I have ἕξω (I will have) / σχήσω (I will get) ἐσθίω I eat ἔδω, ἔδεις, etc., I will eat, you will eat, etc. ἐλαύνω I drive ἐλάω ἐλῶ (α-contract future) I will drive 5. Principal parts to memorize for oral quiz: λύω untie. 1. λύω I untie. 2. λύσω I will untie (extremely regular!) βλέπω look (at). 1. βλέπω I look (at). 2. βλέψομαι I will look (at) (note deponent future middle instead of active!). σπεύδω hurry. 1. σπεύδω I hurry. 2. σπεύσω I will hurry (sigma future of dental [ tooth-consonant ] verb). κομίζω bring. 1. κομίζω I bring. 2. κομιῶ I will bring (special asignamtic future for some [not all] zeta-stem verbs). ἡγέομαι lead/guide. 1. ἡγέομαι I lead/guide. 2. ἡγήσομαι I shall lead/guide. (regular contract verb lenghtens contract vowel). γίγνομαι become. 1. γίγνομαι I become. 2. γενήσομαι I shall become (irregular future stem). 6. Future to be (p. 160) irregular middle forms INDICATIVE INFINITIVE PTC pres fut pres fut pres fut εἰµι ἔσ-οµαι εἶναι ἔσ-εσθαι ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν ἐσ-όµενος, ἐσ-οµένη, εἶ ἔσ-ει / ἔσ-ῃ ἐσ-όµενον ἐστι ἔσ-ται ἐσµεν ἐσ-όµεθα ἐστε ἔσ-εσθε εἰσι(ν) ἔσ-ονται
5 GRK 101 C 10 α andout 5
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