Theory and Concepts Monument and Architecture

Theory and Concepts Monument and Architecture

Monument [etymology]: From the Greek word Μνημείο < μνήμα = "grave" + suffix -iios / - eios respectively, meaning the object that causes a person s memory, or of an event. Anything that brings to mind what happened. ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites) - monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science The "historic building" as an architectural monument: A building bearing the stamp of history, interwoven with the surrounding natural or built environment. "A pot of life that excites us by the specificity of its character... A small miracle that man built in a given moment of the history of the society... Aris Konstantinides Greek architect

To be considered a building as architectural monument it must be in one of the following four aspects: Historical aspects - The search for authenticity. The monument as a source of historical and general scientific information. Aesthetics approach - The sense of beauty. The monument as a work of art and artistic creation Practical approach - The practice of everyday life. The monument as an object of use and function. Environmental considerations - part of the whole. The monument as a component of the built or natural environment.

CULTURAL HERITAGE CHARTERS AND STANDARDS The Athens Charter (CIAM 1931) The Charter of Venice (1964) Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) Declaration of Amsterdam (Congress on the European Architectural Heritage, 1975) The Burra Charter - The Australian ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (1981) Nara Document on Authenticity (ICOMOS 1994) ICOMOS Charter Principles for the analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architectural heritage (2003)

Terms determining phases and interventions in the Protection of Monuments Architectural conservation describes the process through which the material, historical, and design integrity of the built heritage are prolonged through carefully planned interventions. Decisions of when and how to engage in an intervention are critical: a combination of artistic, contextual, and informational values is normally considered. Preservation, places a high premium on the retention of all historic fabric through conservation, maintenance and repair. It reflects a building's continuum over time, through successive occupancies, and the respectful changes and alterations that are made. Restoration focuses on the retention of materials from the most significant time in a property's history, while permitting the removal of materials from other periods. It s an exceptional intervention to highlight the aesthetic and historic value of the monument, respecting the original form. Anastylosis (from the Ancient Greek: αναστήλωσις, ανα = "again", and στηλόω = "to erect (a stela or building)") is referred to the reconstruction technique whereby a ruined building or monument is restored using the original architectural elements to the greatest degree possible. Rehabilitation or adaptive reuse refers to the process of reusing an old site or building for a purpose other than which it was built or designed for. Reconstruction is the recovering of a section of the historic building that has been destroyed, in order to return to its original form. Consolidation is the strengthening of the supporting structure and foundations, using the same materials or materials of new technology, on the basis of scientific data analysis In all operations the role of the concept of reversibility is highly important

«Δεν υπάρχουν παρά μόνο δύο μεγάλοι νικητές της λήθης των ανθρώπων, η Ποίηση και η Αρχιτεκτονική» John Ruskin (1808-1900) Για την ολοκληρωμένη διαδικασία της προστασίας και ανάδειξης ενός μνημείου απατείται η συνεργασία ειδικών επιστημόνων: 1. Ιστορικών Αρχαιολόγων 2. Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών 3. Συντηρητών Έργων Τέχνης 4. Άλλων ειδικοτήτων Μηχανικών, Χημικών Μηχανικών, Πολιτικών Μηχανικών κλπ Ο Αρχιτέκτονας έχει συντονιστικό ρόλο και συμμετέχει, καθ όλη τη διάρκεια του έργου: 1. Συστηματική έρευνα του μνημείου 2. Αποτύπωση και τεκμηρίωση υφιστάμενης κατάστασης 3. Μελέτη συντήρησης, αποκατάστασης και διαχείρισης 4. Οργάνωση, επίβλεψη εργοταξίου 5. Συμπληρωματικές μελέτες και υποδείξεις και τεκμηρίωση εργασιών