Gods Horus, the Sun God, depicted on papyrus Queen Nefertari and the goddess Athor: wall painting
Gods Anubis wears the funereal mask to the dead Anubis and Thoth Anubis weighs the heart of the dead with the feather of justice and Thoth records, as god of Wisdom, the result. Sobek is watching
Life after death: Judgment Heart/soul Truth Anubis weighs the heart of the dead with the feather of justice and Thoth records, as god of Wisdom, the result.
GODS accepting offerings Nephthys Isis Osiris Ra
GODS accepting offerings Horus Nephthys Isis Osiris
Pharaohs, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CROWNS THE WHITE CROWN; UPPER EGYPT THE RED CROWN: LOWER EGYPT Kings usually were depicted wearing the striped head cloth, a false beard, and an elaborate kilt, a staff, scepters. the Double Crown
Pharaohs, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CROWNS Atef Crown was worn during religious rituals. Blue Crown is a military helmet and is often worn during battles and hunting Royal Vulture offers protection. It represented the goddess Nekhbet, the goddess of childbirth, mothers and children. Royal Uraeus (φίδι), or sacred serpent crown. Hemhem Crown, or the triple Atef crown, a very elaborate form of the Atef crown. The head of a typical Egyptian figure is seen from the side, but the eye and body are seen from the front. Figures are usually shown wearing a traditional crown or headdress and a pectoral (θωρακικό) decoration across the shoulders and chest.
Pharaoh depicted with the double crown of upper and lower Egypt. The cobra protected the pharaoh by spitting fire at his enemies.
Regalia the symbols of supreme power, the flail and crook. the Uraeus (κόμπρα) The crook is used by shepherds to catch their sheep. The flail is used in threshing, to separate the grains from the outer husks. The pharaoh was recognized only by wearing the Uraeus, which conveyed legitimacy to the ruler.
Pharaoh and his wife The ancient Egyptian pharaohs built temples and put up huge stone statues. Statue of the pharaoh Menkaura and his consort Queen Khamerernebty II. Originally from his Giza Valley temple, now on display at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. The left foot in front of the right one shows power.
18 η Δυναστεία: Χατσεψούτ: 1501-1480 Large granite sphinx. The pharaoh Hatshepsut, depicted with the traditional false beard, a symbol of her pharaonic power Metropolitan Museum of Art
Nefertiti 18 th Dynasty Αμενχοτέπ 4 ή Ακενατόν ή Εχνατόν (1353-1336) Μονοθεϊσμός Ατόν Τελλ-ελ- Αμάρνα
Amenofis 4 th Amenofis 4 th changed his name in Echnaton and with assistant of his wife Nefertiti dared to create the first monotheistic religion, without icons. Aton, the god, is depicted as solar disk whose rays end in palms symbolizing the gift of life.
18 th Dynasty Toutankhamon (1332-1323)
gold. Toutankhamon and his wife. Throne of Toutankhamon
Ramesses II Ramesses wife, Nefertari Ramesses II was the pharaoh who ruled for sixty-seven years and put up more statues of himself than any other pharaoh. Ramesses II and god Horus. Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt
Ramses II Egyptian Museum, Torino, Italy. A princess
Ramses II
Ramses II Colossal depictions of Ramesses II at a temple dedicated to him at Abu Simbel.
Persians in Egypt: 663-332 BC Καμβύσης, Δαρείος Α-Β, Ξέρξης Α-Β-Γ, Αρταξέρξης Α-Β-Γ, Δαρείος Γ (Κοδομανός). Καμβύσης Β Δαρείος Α (νικήθηκε: Μαραθώνας) Ξέρξης Α (νικήθηκε : Θερμοπύλες, Σαλαμίνα, Πλαταιές) Greece: Αχαϊκή εποχή- Περσικοί πόλεμοι (490-479 π.χ.) Κλασσική εποχή Δαρείος Γ (Κοδομανός) Νικήθηκε από τον Μ. Αλέξανδρο (Ισσός, 333 π.χ.).
The Greeks: 332 BC Alexander the Great The city of Alexandria was founded. 323: Ο Αλέξανδρος πεθαίνει και αναλαμβάνει την διακυβέρνηση της Αιγύπτου ο στρατηγός του Πτολεμαίος.
The Greeks: Hellenistic years : Ptolemy 305-31 π. Χ. Silver tetradrachmo with representation of Ptolemy A' of Savior, founder of dynasty of Ptolemy. 305-283 π.χ. Βερενίκη Α Golden pentadrachmo Ptolemy A
Library of Alexandria
The Romans Julius Ceasar (100-44 BC) Mark Antony (82-30 BC) Cleopatra
Abu Simbel temples: Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th c. BC Great Temple of Ramesses II (left) and Small Temple of Nefertari (right)
Abu Simbel temples: relocation. A scale model showing the original location of the 13th century BCE Abu Simbel temples, the complex was relocated in 1968, on an artificial hill, high above the Aswan High Dam reservoir. The photo was taken at the Nubian Museum, Aswan, Egypt.
Abu Simbel: Great Temple of Ramesses II
Baboon carvings above the heads of the statues of Ramses
Abu Simbel On October 22 and February 22, the rays of the sun would penetrate the sanctuary and illuminate the sculptures on the back wall, except for the statue of Ptah, the god connected with the Underworld, who always remained in the dark.
Abu Simbel: The hypostyle hall of the Great Temple, with eight Osiris pillars
Abu Simbel Φθα, Άμμων-Ρα, Ραμσής Ρα-Χαράκτης.
Abu Simbel: The small Temple The temple of Hathor and Nefertari, also known as the Small Temple, dedicated to the goddess Hathor and Ramesses II's chief consort, Nefertari. The statues are 10 m. high.
18 η Δυναστεία: Amenhotep III The Colossi of Memnon Theban necropolis They are two massive stone statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. For the past 3400 years (since 1350 BC) they have stood in the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor. In 27 BCE, a large earthquake reportedly shattered the eastern colossus. he remaining lower half of this statue was then reputed to "sing" on various occasions- always within an hour or two of sunrise, usually right at dawn. it sounded "like a blow, "the string of a lyre, the striking of brass or whistling. Romans reconstructed them and the singing stopped.
The Karnak temple complex describes a vast collection of ruins of temples, chapels, pylons and other buildings - collectively known as Karnak. The Karnak temple complex is located near Karnak (town) and Luxor in Upper Egypt.
The Karnack complex
The Karnack complex, the main place of worship of the Theban Triad with Amon as its head
The Karnack complex
The Karnack complex
The Karnack complex
The Karnak complex
Luxor Temple: located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 BC Στην είσοδο της κιονοστοιχίας του Αμένωφι Γ, δύο γιγάντια γλυπτά του Ραμσή Β
Luxor: Statue at Temple Entrance Sitting Ramesses II Colossus inside Luxor Temple
Luxor Temple: The east side of the peristyle court of Amenhotep III
Luxor Temple
Luxor Temple (Egypt) by night, showing wall inscription
In Luxor there are six great temples. One of then is the Ramesseum Mortuary Temple of Ramesses II - The Ramesseum. Osiris statues
The Ramesseum
The Ramesseum: Colonnade
Made of glass
Cosmetic jar in the shape of a dwarf, from the reign of Akhenaten. Alabaster.
Changes.
Life after death The ancient Egyptians believed in life after death. That's why they became very good at mummification. They wrapped mummies in hundreds of yards of linen strips. They also built special "house for eternity" to put their dead inside.
Tombs The writing on the walls in a pharaoh's tomb helped him get to the afterlife.
Mastaba, "house for eternity" or "eternal house" Mastabas were constructed out of mud-bricks (from the Nile River) or stone. 'Mastaba' comes from the Arabic word for a bench of mud. Structure. 27th century BC Statue of the dead chapel pit Small cellar Sarcophagus in Saqqara furniture The afterlife was the main focus of Egyptian civilization and ruled every aspect of the society. It was reflected in their architecture and most prominently by the enormous amounts of time, money, and manpower involved in the building of their tombs.
The Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza 2590 BC The pyramids of Giza The Great Sphinx They are among the most recognizable symbols of the civilization of ancient Egypt.
Inside the Pyramid
False door The Ancient Egyptians believed that the false door was a threshold between the worlds of the living and the dead and through which a deity or the spirit of the deceased could enter and exit. They can be carved in a wall or painted on it.
2650 2575 BC 27th century BC Imhotep was an Egyptian polymath, who served as chancellor to the pharaoh and high priest of the sun god Ra (or Re) at Heliopolis. He is considered to be the earliest known architect and engineer and physician. Greece: Copper age
Mummification Over many centuries, the ancient Egyptians developed a method of preserving bodies so they would remain lifelike. Today we call this process mummification. During the mummification process, the internal organs were removed from the body and placed in hollow 'canopy jars'. The lids of canopy jars represented gods called the 'four sons of Horus'. These gods protected the internal organs.
Mummification
Modern Egypt 1798: Napoleon 642-now: ΙIslam. Portuguese, English, French abused Egypt. 1869: Suez Canal, Ferdinand de Lesseps. Suez bridge 1956: Nasser. All foreigners had to leave. 1970: War between Egypt and Israel. Israel wins. Nasser Μωχάμετ Άλι (1805-1848) Κόπτες (451 μ.χ.) Αιγύπτιοι Μονοφυσίτες Πατριαρχείο Αλεξάνδρειας (6 ο αι. Ιουστινιανός)
Thebes
The British Museum, England https://www.britishmuseum.org http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/menu.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/british_museum
Βιβλιογραφία Εκπαιδευτική Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, Παγκόσμια Μυθολογία. ΕΚΔΟΤΙΚΗ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ. Παγκόσμια Ιστορία, ΟΙ Πρώτοι Πολιτισμοί, 3000-1500 π. Χ.. Κ. ΚΑΠΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ. Vandenberg, P., Νεφερτίτη. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ. Vandenberg, P., Ραμσής ο Μέγας. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ. Vandenberg, P., Η Κατάρα των Φαραώ. ΚΟΝΙΔΑΡΗ. Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Πάπυρος Λαρούς Μπριτάννικα. ΠΑΠΥΡΟΣ. http://el.wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk http://wordinfo.info/unit/2655?letter=a&spage=1&s=scribe http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians http://www.artyfactory.com/egyptian_art/egyptian_crowns/hemhem_crown.htm http://www.touregypt.net
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