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: ) a a:kigu mpiuq >a=abwk@k:, ga g guga ikaq 1 5. 5. 2 0 0 9 >Um:e ile;ri>aq :IgmTQ L @I>iaZe a:kigw >I<:iU:Q E> > am>aiti>aq b:a : g=>abewgle K@e Rib@i@ KPe b:a@bwekpe :LKZe ile>mzq > U > KR KgLcRmaiKge, rk@ ; ) a a:kigu ga g guga ikaq 1 5. 5. 2 0 0 9 >bk>cgwi:e b:atbgek: a:kigw >I<:iU:Q mpiuq e: b:krmgle T e: :ibgwe Kge KUKcg K@Q >a=abwk@k:q K@Q a:kiabtq K@Q >I<:iU:Q, :ccr KUKcg Rcc@ Q >a=abwk@k:q. ga g guga b:a gl>ucgle e: b:k:arigle K: :ekuikgam: =ab:agcg<@kabr. %: b:k:arigle :eku<i:lg 8il:caiKTIagL *LE;gc:UgL 8iKabTQ LAwe@Q b:k >crmaikge 1 0 0. 0 0 0, 0 0, Kg g gug e: >Ue:a ik@e gege:iu: KgL lliabgw IgiZ gl T KgL egeabgw IgiZ gl. A.4., >wale@ TcPi@ K@Q :I. 4 KgL RI. 8 KgL %. 1 5 9 9 / 1 9 8 6, W PQ >brikgk> aimw>a, E> A>ZI@i@ <e@iugl L g<i:ltq, ik@e g gu: : i ) %: :e:<irlgek:a K: ikgam>u: KgL =a:<peaiegw ikge g gug ilee>krmgle. i i %: ) =@cze>k:a WKa : g=rm>k:a ctipq b:a :e> alwc:bk: WcgLQ Q WIgLQ KgL K@Q =a:btilg@q. iii ) %: =@cze>k:a WKa ErmIa b:a K@e @ErI: L g;gctq K@Q IgilgIRQ KgLQ : >e rmgle b:k:=ab:ik>u E> :E>KRbc@K@ : Wl:i@ <a: br gag : W K: :=abte:k: K@Q :I. 1 KgL RI. 4 3 KgL G.. 6 0 / 2 0 0 7, <a: br gag : W K: :=abte:k: KgL 8<gI:egEabgw b:, AZ=a im>kabw E> K@e Rib@i@ K@Q > :<<>ce:kabtq KgLQ =I:iK@IaWK@K:Q T <a: br gag : W K: :=abte:k: K@Q L >G:UI>i@Q, K@Q : RK@Q, K@Q >b;u:i@q, K@Q c:ikg<i:lu:q, K@Q O>L=gIbU:Q, K@Q =PIg=gbU:Q b:a K@Q =Wca:Q mi>gbg U:Q. *K@e >IU KPi@ gl g ilee>krmpe ikg =a:<p eaiew >Ue:a egeabw IWiP g, @E>=: W T :ccg=: W, KWK> @ =TcPi@ :LKT :lgir KgLQ =a:m>aiaikrq, WK:e IWb>aK:a <a: >K:aI>U>Q >IagIaiEre@Q >LAwe@Q (G ) b:a IgiP abrq >K:aI>U>Q (.. b:a.. ), Kge IW>=Ig b:a Kge =a>lawegek: iwe;glcg <a: KaQ :ezele>q >K:aI>U >Q (8.. ). :a: KgLQ ile>k:aiaiegwq, @ =TcPi@ :lgir Kge IW>=Ig KgL agab@kabgw *LE;gLcUgL. >e K>cgwe i> KZm>Li@ b:a > Ui@Q =>e K>cgwe i> =a:=ab:iu: btilg@q i> KZm>Li@. Ue:a lgigcg<abr b:a :il:caikabr >ete>iga PQ IgQ KaQ L gmi>zi>aq KgLQ gl :lgigwe KaQ >ailgirq bgaepeabtq :ilrcai@q (bwia:q b:a > abgliabtq ) b:a PQ IgQ KaQ lgigcg<abrq KgLQ L gmi>zi>aq. Ue:a ><<><I:EErega ikg gab>ug ae>c@ktiag b:kr K@e @ErI: =a>eri<>a:q KgL =a:<peaiegw. Re IWb>aK:a <a: :ccg=: gwq, KWK> @ =TcPi@ E gi>u e: :lgir K@e ><<I:lT KgLQ ik: E@KIZ: KgL gab>ugl ae>c@k@iugl T i> aig=we:e>q > :<<>ce:kabrq gi<:ezi>aq b:kr K@e @ErI: =a>eri<>a:q KgL =a:<peaiegw. lwige IWb>aK:a <a: egeabr IWiP : @E>=: R T :ccg=: R, A: Ir >a >bkwq KPe :I: ReP, e: =@cze>k:a WKa =>e K>cgwe L W et bga >bb:ariai@ KgL b.e. 2 1 9 0 / 1 9 2 0, W PQ >brikgk> aimw>a, T >a=abt >bb:ariai@ KgL e. 1 8 9 2 / 1 9 9 0, W PQ >brikgk> aimw>a T Rcc>Q :ercg<>q b:k:ikri>aq (EWeg <a: :ccg=: R egeabr IWiP : ), b:a > Ui@Q WKa =>e K>cgwe L W =a:=ab:iu: rb=gi@q : Wl:i@Q bgaetq T >a=abtq :ARIai@Q >bb KPe :epkrip egega>k@erkpe T L W Rcc>Q :ercg<>q b:k:ikri>aq (EWeg <a: :ccg=: R egeabr IWiP : ). 8) ) 3 o () I- )I : a IgilgIrQ L g;rccgek:a <a: Kg iwegcg K@Q L W :era>i@ L @I>iU:Q T :er L gri<g, E> K@ =a>lbiue@i@ WKa @ L g;c@a>ui: IgilgIR a Ir e: > b:cw K>a Kg iwegcg KgL L gri<gl. GIgilgIrQ gl L g;rccgek:a <a: ErIgQ KgL L gri<gl A: : giiu KgeK:a PQ : :IR=>bK>Q. 5
IgilgIR (K>meabT- gabgegeabt ) L g;rcc>k:a =:bklcg<i:l@ere@ i> =wg :eku<i:l: G>mPIaiKR, ili:eere: Eri: i> ili:<aiereg lrb>cg, ik@e cc@eabt <czii:. :a: K@e :e:<i:lt KPe gigcg<aze b:a KPe Kw Pe =we:k:a e: @iaeg mi ga@a>u b:a @ Gre@ <czii:. IgilgIR =>e Ir >a e: rm>a GriE:K:, i;@iue:k:, IgiATb>Q =agiazi>aq. Re L RIm>a ik@e IgilgIR g ga:=t gk> IgiATb@ T =awiapi@, :LKT Ir >a e: >Ue: a b:a:ig<i:eere@ : W Kge IgilrIgeK:, Kg => WI<:eg :I:c:;TQ b:a : gilir<ai@q KPe IgilgIZe, b:kr Kge rc><mg, Egeg<IRl>a b:a ili:<u?>a K@e KLmWe =awiapi@ T IgiATb@. IgilgIR : HIIU K]K:B, WK:e L RImgLe i :LKT =agiazi>aqgl K@e b:aaikgwe :i:lt, b:kr e K@ biui@ KgL gi< RegL :GagcW<@i@Q KPe IgilgIZe. a IgilgIrQ b:k:kua>ek:a Eri: ikge ili:<aiereg bliupq lrb>cg gl Ir >a e: >Iac:E;Re>a > U gaet : gbc>aiegw Wc: Wi: b:agiu?gek:a ik@e :Igwi: =a:btilg@. <>eabwq :LKWQ lrb>cgq >Iarm>a =wg > U ErIgLQ :e>gr IK@KgLQ ili:<aiereglq l:brcglq, =@c:=t : IKHF CLIUoQ MRC]DH K@Q IHJMHIRQ KH HA]KHXFK:B, ] U HBFT : HIIUO]oQ J] G]NoIBJKW JMI:[BJESFH MRC]DH : : ) «-RC]DHQ BC:BHDH[@KBCZF ILEE]KHNTQ / +]NFBCTQ (IHJMHIRQ», g g gugq >Iarm>a Wc: K: r<<i:l: gl?@kgwek:a ik@e :Igwi: =a:btilg@, E> K@e re=>ag@!a8! # :+!A8 «I,$$+.I / +.%!A () I- )8». *Kge lrb>cg >Iac:E;RegeK:a K: r<<i:l: /rekl : K@Q IgilgIRQ : W Kg >Ia>mWE>eg KPe g gupe A: Ir >a e: Igbw K>a i:lzq @ ileewilpi@ KPe Igil>IgErePe L @I>iaZe ikaq?@kgwe>e>q K>meabrQ Ig=a:<I:lrQ. IK@F +]NFBCT (IHJMHIR A : IS ]B, ] U HBFT : HCD]BJEHX, F: :F:MSI]K:B :F:DLKBCR H JCH WQ C:B KH :FKBC]UE]FH KHL =B:[oFBJEHX HL :MHIR K@F :IHNT L @I]JBZF L[]U:Q C: :JMRD]B:Q (B:KIWQ ]I[:JU:Q C:B K]NFBCWQ :JM:D]U:Q ). :a: K@e b:k:bw IPi@ KPe : gk>c>ierkpe KgL =a:<peaiegw A: c:e;re>k:a L WO@ b:a @ Ig@<gwE>e@ ile;:kabt ile >IalgIR KgL bra> :er=gmgl. *> >IU KPi@ gl K: K>meabR ikgam>u: K@Q IgilgIRQ =>e >Ue:a =Le:KWe, cw<p E><RcgL W<bgL, e: Kg ga>k@agwe ikge bliupq lrb>cg KWK> :LKR b>lr?gek:a ili mpiaikr b:a :bgcglagwe Kge bliupq lrb>cg E> K@e re=>ag@ «(8)8)+$8 () I- )8I» b:a KaQ cga rq >e=>ug>aq KgL bliupq l:brcgl. ; ) «-RC]DHQ BCHFHEBCTQ (IHJMHIRQ» E> K: gabgegeabr ikgam>u: K@Q IgilgIRQ E> K@e re=>ag@!a % $!A «() I- )8». CLIUoQ MRC]DHQ K@Q IHJMHIRQ A: MSI]B KBQ ]F=]UG]BQ : () I- )8!A % $!A (8%(!I+$! 8 %0%!8A),& 8). 1 3 0 / 2 0 1 4 «FR=>BG@ :F:=WNHL <B: :IHNT L @I>JBZF L<>U:Q C:B :JMRD>B:Q (!:KIW I<:JU:Q C:B +>NFBCW JMRD>B:Q ) <B: KBQ :FR<C>Q KHL BCHFHEBCHX (:F> BJK@EUHL A@FZF» E]IHE@FU: =B]FSI[]B:Q =B:[oFBJEHX : IKHBN]U: : HJKHDS: : a lrb>cga KPe =ab:agcg<@kabze ilee>kgmtq /K>meabTQ IgilgIRQ b:a gabgegeabtq IgilgIRQ A: lrigle KaQ >e=>ug>aq KgL bliupq l:brcgl. 6
8) ) 4 H!I.,I +0% () I- )0% : a IgilgIrQ aimwgle b:a =>ie>wgle KgLQ IgE@A>LKrQ ]F]FTFK: ( 9 0 ) @ESI]Q : W K@F ] WE]F@ K@Q =B]FSI[]B:Q KHL =B:[oFBJEHX. GIgilgIR gl giu?>a miweg aimwgq EabIWK>Ig KgL Ig;c> WE>egL : W K@e =a:btilg@ : giiu K>K:a PQ : :IR=>bK@. aimwq K@Q IgilgIRQ E gi>u e: :I:K>Ue>K:a >l ' Wige?@K@A>U : W K@e, @I>iU: Iae : W K@e ctg@ K@Q b:k ' :ezk:kg WIag <a: migeabw =arik@e: Uig E> Kg Ig;c> WE>eg : W K@e =a:btilg@. $>KR K@e ctg@ b:a KgL :I: ReP :ezk:kgl giugl miwegl :IRK:i@Q aimwgq K@Q IgilgIRQ E:K :azegek:a K: : gk>crie:k: KgL =a:<peaiegw >bkwq :e @ :e:arkgli: :ImT biue>a b:kr >IU KPi@, :akagcg<@ere: WKa @ ilermai@ KgL =a:<peaiegw >GL @I>K>U Kg =@EWiag ilelrige, g WK> ga ilee>krmgek>q ikge =a:<peaiew E gigwe e: > acrggle, >UK> e: :I:K>UegLe K@e gilgir I KgLQ >lwige KgLQ?@K@A>U Iae K@e RIg=g KgL :epkrkgl giugl, :IRK:i@ K@Q IgilgIRQ KgLQ, >UK> Wma. *K@e K>c>LK:U: >IU KPi@, @ =a:=ab:iu: KgL =a:<peaiegw ile>mu?>k:a E> WigLQ :IrK>ae:e KaQ IgilgIrQ KgLQ. 8) ) 5 H +!$I () I- )0% : 1. 8 W K@F BCHFHEBCT (IHJMHIR IS ]B F: IHCX K]B KH oib:uh CWJKHQ L HDH[BJESFH NoIUQ -.(.8. ZJK] F: IHCX K]B KH JLFHDBCW ]KTJBH CWJKHQ E]KR : W KHF HDD: D:JB:JEW KHL oib:uhl CWJKHLQ E] KH JXFHDH KoF oizf : :JNWD@J@Q (E] K: J@E]IBFR =]=HESF: ). 2. a KaErQ KPe IgilgIZe : <akaq Igil>IWE>e>Q L @I>iU>Q b:azq b:a g ga:i=t gk> EgIlTQ >Gg caiew A: >blir?gek:a i> LIZ. GIgilgIrQ gl =>e =UegLe KaQ KaErQ i>,)o T gl b:agiu?gle imri@,)o IgQ Greg eweaie: : A : giiu KgeK:a PQ : :IR=>bK>Q. 3. *KaQ KaErQ A: >Iac:E;RegeK:a ga KLmWe ri KIUKPe L bi:kti>aq, PQ b:a bra> Rcc@ eweae@ > a;rilei@ gl Ig;cr >K:a : W KaQ aimwgli>q =a:krg>aq, >bkwq : W Kge -G8. -G8 A: =U=>K:a i> G>mPIaiKT iktc@, i> >IU KPi@ => gl :e:lri>k:a >il:ceregq -G8 :LKWQ A =agiaze>k:a : W K@e L @I>iU:. 4. ARA> >U=gLQ cc@ R =: Re@ (bwikgq :ilrcai@q, mi@e:kggabgegeabr rgg=: bc. ) ;:Iwe>a Kge :er=gmg b:a A: Ir >a e: rm>a ilel gcg<aia>u ik@e IgilgIR. 5. lwige : W K@e IgilgIR =>e Igbw K>a E> i:lte>a: @ Igil>IWE>e@ KaET T =>e =U=>K:a >ea:u: KaET <a: gcwbc@i@ K@e Igil>IWE>e @ L @I>iU:, @ IgilgIR : giiu K>K:a PQ : :IR=>bK@. 6. *> >IU KPi@ gl Kg Igil>IWE>eg ri<g il<bigk>uk:a : W >IaiiWK>I: KgL >ewq ErI@ gl aa:ewe L Wb>aeK:a i> =a:lgi>kabw gigikw -G8, A: =Ue>K:a L gmi>pkabr PIaiKR KaET <a: m bra> ErIgQ : :LKR. 7. iw<biai@ Pe K IgilgIZe A: <Ue>K:a ik@ ilegcabt KaET K@Q Igil>IWE>e@Q L @I>iU:Q, W PQ :LKT Igbw K>a : W K@e gabgegeabt IgilgIR, b:a Wma mpiaikr ikaq KaErQ KPe =a:lwipe E>IZe, : W K: g gu: >e=>mgerepq : gk>c >UK:a K@ Igil>IWE>eT L @I>iU:. 8. KBET NoIUQ -(8 A: D:E;RF]K:B [B: K@ JX[CIBJ@ KoF IHJMHIZF. 9. *> >IU KPi@ cg<aikabtq :ilelpeu:q E>K:Gw K@Q KaETQ EgeR=:Q b:a K@Q ilegcabtq KaETQ, L >Iaimw>a @ KaET gl =Ue>a Kg >LegubWK>Ig K@e <a: 8e:ArKgLi: 8ImT : gkrc>ie:. 1 0. KaET K@Q IgilgIRQ =>e L Wb>aeK:a i> E>K:;gcT b:kr =arib>a: K@e KgL miwegl aimwgq K@Q. *> >IU KPi@ gl?@k@a>u :IRK:i@ K@Q =arib>a:q aimwgq K@Q IgilgIRQ, ga =a:<pea?we>ega =>e =ab:agwek:a, b:kr K@e <epikg gu@i@ K@Q il<b:kra>itq KgLQ, e: L g;rccgle Ue:b: er E> K@e KaET IgilgIRQ. 7
8) ) 6 H 8( I-)8:!I ( ) I- ) 0% -8%+!() I- )I -!,A)!%I!I : GIgilgIrQ gl : giiu KgeK:a <a: KL abgwq cw<glq : gbc>ugek:a : W >I:aKrIP :GagcW<@i@ b:a ga lrb>cga E> K: K>meabR b:a gabgegeabr ikgam>u: > aikirlgek:a E>KR Kg ri:q eaiegw KgL b:a =a:<p =>e : gili:<u?gek:a. A:KR K@e E>IgE@eU: @ =a>eri<>a:q KgL a:<peaiegw ga :I>LIaibWE>ega c:e;regle <ezi@ EWeg KP e ilee>k>mwekpe ikg a:<peaiew. 6iga : W KgLQ L gotlaglq 8e:=WmgLQ > aalegwe, E gigwe e: c@iglgi@agwe Kg >Ia>mWE>eg KPe RccPe IgilgIZe wik>i: : W im>kabt >a=g gu@it KgLQ : K@e W :IEW=a: akig T. >GrK:i@ KPe IgilgIZe A: <Ue>a mpiuq : gerbileit KgLQ : W Kg mzig K@Q 8e:ArKgLi:Q 8ImTQ b:a mpiuq e: > akir >K:a @ lpkg:eka<i:lt. 8 HJMIR[BJ@ IHJMHIZF akig T a:<peaiegw & 8GagcW<@i@Q KgL =a:<peaiegw Ig;:Ue>a ik@e re:ig@ =a:=ab:iu:q K@Q : gilir<ai@q KPe IgilgIZe =@EWia: K@e @E>IgE@eU: b:a ZI: gl giu?>k:a : W K@ =a:btilg@. GIgilgIrQ gl L g;rccgek:a ik@e akig T E>KR K@e re:ig@ K@Q =a:=ab:iu:q : gilir<ai@q =>e : gili:<u?gek:a, :ccr :I:=U=geK:a ik@e, @I>iU: =a>eri<>a:q =a:<peaiegw KgL <a: > aikiglt, PQ >b IWA>iE>Q. O =a:<peaiewq A: =a>g:ma>u iwelpe: E> KaQ Ig=a:<I:lrQ, ga g gu>q : gk>cgwe :e: Wi :ikg ErIgQ K@Q :Igwi:Q =a:btilg@q. a>lbiaeti>aq E>KR K@e b:kra>i@ KPe IgilgIZe : giiu KgeK:a PQ : :IR=>bK>Q, >bkwq :e?@k@agwe : W K@e > akig T. akig T =a>g:<p<tq b:a :GagcW<@i@Q KgL =a:<peaiegw / L @I>iU: =a:k@i>u Kg =ab:upe: e:?@kti>a : W KgLQ ilee>krmgek>q ikgam>u: : :I:UK@K: <a: K@e K>bE@IUPi@ KPe Igil>IgErePe KaEZe, ga => ilee>krmgek>q L gmi>gwek:a e: :IrmgLe :LKR >LAwe@. WEPQ <a: K@e :biu;>a: KPe :e:l>igerepe ;:Iwe>a : gbc>aikabr Kge L gotlag :er=gmg OQ : :IR=>bK>Q : giiu KgeK:a > Ui@Q ga IgilgIrQ gl :IgLiaR?gLe gliaz=>aq : gbcui>aq : W KaQ K>meabrQ Ig=a:<I:lrQ K@Q =a:btilg@q. =a: UiKPi@ <a: K@ ilelpeu: lpeu: T :ile E> KaQ K>meabrQ Ig=a:<I:lrQ gl giu?gek:a : W K@ =a:btilg@, <Ue>K:a E>KR : W :akagcg<@ere@ <eze@ KgL :IEW=agL <a: K@e :GagcW<@i@ KPe : gk>c>ierkpe, gi<regl. :B: K@F ]XCHD@ JX[CIBJ@ KoF IHJMHIZF IS ]B F: K@I@A]U JK@ JXFK:GT KHLQ, @ KRG@ C:B @ J]BIR KoF WIoF K@Q =B:CTILG@Q. : gilir<ai@ bra> IgilgIRQ A: <Ue>a >ea:u: mpiuq =arbiai@ ik:=upe /lri>pe (8GagcW<@i@ ab:agcg<@kabze *LEE>KgmTQ /+>meabtq IgilgIRQ b:a abgegeabtq IgilgIRQ b:a ) E> K@e :I:bRKP =a:=ab:iu: : 8 gili:<u?>k:a g bliupq lrb>cgq Igilg IRQ. a: aikze>k:a @ :IG@ w KPe =wg (2 ) L gl:brcpe (ab:agcg<@kabze ilee>kgmtq /+>meabtq IgilgIRQ b:a abgegeabtq IgilgIRQ ) ga g guga b:a Egeg<IRlgeK:a : W K: Erc@ K@Q akig TQ a>eri<>a:q b:a 8GagcW<@i@Q KPe IgilgIZe. Re =>e L RImgLe ga =wg (2 ) L glrb>cga, g IgilrIPe : gbc>u>k:a : W K@e >I:aKrIP =a:=ab:iu: :GagcW<@i@Q b:a ga L g;c@arek>q L glrb>cga :EregLe :I bc>aikgu ik@e, @I>iU:. *K@ ilerm>a: : gili:<u?gek:a ga lrb>cga KPe ab:agcg<@kabze /+>meabze IgilgIZe, ga g guga Egeg<IRlgeK:a ikg iwegcw KgL Q (K: IPKWKL : ikgam>u: ) :er lwccg (>bkwq KPe K>meabZe llcc:=upe ). *> >IU KPi@ ilii:ltq L g<irl>k:a @ IZK@ b:a @ K>c>LK:U: i>cu=:. lrb>cgq KPe gabgegeabze IgilgIZe : gili:<u?>k:a ik@e ilerm>a: b:a EWeg >lwige g IgE@A>LKTQ rm>a cti@ K: =ab:agcg<@kab R b:a >Ue:a >ekwq K>meabZe Ig=a:<I:lZe b:a Egeg<IRl>K:a. 8
8) ) 7 H 8( ))!/ () I- )0% : GIgilgIR : giiu K>K:a PQ : :IR=>bK@ i> bra> EU: T >IaiiWK>I>Q : W KaQ brkpaa >Ia KZi>aQ : 1. GIgilgIR gl Kg ilegcabw K@Q KUE@E: L >I;:Ue>a K@e IgY gcg<aia>ui: =: Re@. 2. GIgilgIR gl giu?>a EabIWK>Ig : W Kg?@KgwE>eg miweg aimwgq. 3. GIgilgIR gl >Ue:a :WIaiK@ b:a :e> U=>bK@ >bkue@i@q T >Ue:a L W :UI>i@. 4. GIgilgIR gl :IgLiaR?>a : gbcui>aq : W : :IR;:KgLQ WIgLQ K@Q a:btilg@q =>e T >Ue:a iwelpe: E> KaQ K>meabrQ Ig=a:<I:lrQ. 5. GIgilgIR ik@e g gu: =>e Igbw K>a E> i:lte>a: K@e Igil>IWE>e@ KaET, T /b:a >El:eU?>a KaErQ i> g gag=t gk> i@e>ug K@Q K>meabTQ IgilgIRQ. 6. GIgilgIR gl =U=>a KaET i> ilercc:<e: T E> ITKI: ile:ccr<e: KgQ : giiu K>K:a PQ : :IR=>bK@. 7. GIgilgIrQ gl ArKgLe WIg :e:igi:ieg<tq K@Q KaETQ : giiu KgeK:a PQ : :IR=>bK>Q. 8. 6K:e : gk>c>u >e:cc:bkabt IgilgIR, :eka IgilgIR T KIg g gu@i@ T IWK:i@ gl b:kr K@e biui@ K@Q akig TQ KgL a:<peaiegw >GgEgaZe>K:a E> :eka IgilgIR. 9. 6K:e =>e rm>a ilek:ma>u b:a L g;c@a>u, iwelpe: E> Ig;c> K: WE>e: ik: im>kabr b>lrc:a: K@Q :Igwi:Q. 1 0.6K:e =>e :e:lri>k:a :e:clkabr g ibg WQ b:a Kg :ekab>ue>eg KgL =a:<peaiegw gl :lgir K@e :IgmT L @I>iaZe L<>U:Q b: :ilrc>a:q (a:kiwq >I<:iU:Q b:a K>meabWQ :il:c>u:q. ) 1 1.:a: g gage=t gk> Rccg KLmWe cw<g gl IIr>a : g : W K@e :Igwi: =a:btilg@ =>e T >Ue:a iwelpe@ E> KgLQ > U ErIgLQ L gmi>pkabgwq WIgLQ K@Q :Igwi:Q. 8) ) 8 o A8+8A,)0I!8:0%!I$, : :a: K@e :GagcW<@i@ c:e;regek:a L WO@ K: :I:bRKP ikgam>u: : b:k:bwipi@ <Ue>K:a ikge :er=gmg E> K@e N:E@DWK]I@ KBET, >b KPe :e:=wmpe, KPe g gupe ga IgilgIrQ rmgle biaa>u PQ : g=>bkrq E> ;Ri@ KaQ K>meabrQ Ig=a:<I:lrQ b:a KgLQ WIgLQ K@Q =a:btilg@q. :Ue>K:a => : W K@e 8e:ArKgLi: 8ImT E>KR : W K@e >ait<@i@ K@Q akig TQ KgL a:<peaiegw b:a :e:bgaeze>k:a ><<IRlPQ ikge :e:b@ ILmAreK: 8eR=gmg b:a ikglq ilee>krmgek>q. *> >IU KPi@ aigkaeu:q KPe IgilgIZe, A: K@I@A>U @ =a:=ab:iu: W PQ :LKT giu?>k:a ikg G.. 1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7.!iWKaE>Q A>PIgweK:a ga IgilgIrQ E> K@e :LKT :bia;zq KaET b:a gl >Ue:a iwelpe>q E> KgLQ WIgLQ b:a KaQ K>meabrQ g=a:<i:lrq I K@Q =a:btilg@q. 8) ) 9 o,( :)8- -!8)A!8 I,$98I I : $>KR K@e :e:bguepi@ b:k:bwipi@q L g<irl>k:a b:a : W K: =wg ile;:ccwe>e: ErI@ @ *we;:i@. iwe;:i@ b:kaimw>a bra> RccgL b>aeregl ikg W gag ik@iu?>k:a, >bkwq P e b:kr=@c il:cerkpe T :I:=IgEZe. iwe;:i@ A: rm>a =arib>a: >ewq ( 1 ) rkglq >bkwq, :e L RIG>a >ekgct :bwipi@q KPe ile;ri>pe : W :IEW=a: GIguiK:Ere@ 8ImT cr<mgl. +g G:e> aikteag =a:k@i>u Kg =ab:upe: KIUE@e@Q :IRK:i@Q KgL miwegl (EgegE>IZQ >b ErIgLQ K@Q :e:arkgli:q :ImTQ ) E> KgLQ U=agLQ WIgLQ b:a =P=>bRE@e@ :IRK:i@, >lwige biaa>u : :I:UK@Kg, E> KgLQ U=a glq WIgLQ b:a E>K@e iwelpe@ <eze@ KgL :e:=wmgl. +g G8 rm>a =ab:upe: e: ilero>a ile c@ipe:kabt iwe;:i@ >lwige biaa>u : :I:UK@Kg iwelpe: E> Kg G.. 6 0 / 2 0 0 7 (-A K. 8 6 4 / 1 6. 0 3. 2 0 0 75 ) (RIAIg :I. 2 3 1 g=@<u:q 2 0 0 4 / 1 8 /A ). L @I]JU: =B:K@I]U KH =BC:UoE: F: :LGHE]BZJ]B KBQ ZI]Q : :JNWD@J@Q, C:KR K@ =BRIC]B: K@Q JXE;:J@Q, ]FKWQ K@Q IHY HDH[BJA]UJ@Q =: RF@Q :FRDH[: E] KBQ :FR[C]Q KHL!=IXE:KHQ. 9
8) ) 1 0 o +) ( I (#)0$I A)8+I!I : 1. MIWegQ >GWlc@i@Q : ekwq >GTeK: ( 6 0 ) @E>IZe, L gcg<a?we>epe : W K@e > gere@ K@Q L g;gctq KgL KaEgcg<UgL :IgmTQ L @I>iU:Q : W Kge 8eR=gmg. 2. >GWlc@i@ A: <Ue>K:a E>KR K@e >bkrc>i@ KgL ri<gl iwelpe: E> K@e b>ue>e@ egega>iu:, b:a :lgw A: ilek:mk>u IgQ KgwKg I:bKabW :I:c:;T Q, Kg g gug A: > ailer K>K:a ikg IgQ >GWlc@i@ KaEgcW<ag E> ;Ri@ K: eweae: =ab:agcg<@kabr i> >wcg<g migeabw =arik@e: : W K@e IgibWEaiT KgLQ. 3. L g;gct KgL KaEgcg<UgL =>e E gi>u e: <Ue>a Iae : W K@e @E>IgE@eU: >brik@q KE@E:KabTQ, giaikabtq gigkabtq b:a gagkabtq :I:c:;TQ. 4. c@ipet A: <Ue>K:a i> >LIZ ), E>KR ( : W Ig@<gwE>e@ A>ZI@i@ KPe im>kabze mi@e:kabze >ek:cerkpe c@ipetq : W Kge :IEW=ag UKIg g KgL c><bkabgw =IUgL *Le>. 5. >GWlc@i@ <Ue>K:a E> ;Ri@ K: eweae: =ab:agcg<@kabr c@ipetq b:a K: cga R ikgam>u: gl Ig;cr gek:a ikg RIAIg 3 5 KgL A.G.. (G.. 1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7 ) b:a K@e aimwgli: egega>iu: <a: K@e >GWlc@i@ KUKcPe c@ipetq T K@e >Ui I:G@ : :akti>pe : W Kg @EWiag b:a G K:.. %.. (: g=>abkabr lgigcg<abtq b:a :il:caikabtq >e@e>iwk@k:q ) b.c. 6. IgA>iEU: c@ipetq :e:ikrcc>k:a : ) b:kr Kg migeabw =arik@e: gl E>igc:;>U : W K@e : gikgct KgL im>kabgw mi@e:kabgw >ekrce:kgq c@ipetq ikge :IEW=ag UKIg g KgL c><bkabgw *Le>=IUgL a b: ErmIa K@ A>ZI@i@ :LKgw, ; ) b:kr Kg migeabw =arik@e: KLmWe =ab:ikabze =a>erg>pe, b:azq b:a < ) ikaq cga rq >Ia KZi>aQ gl :e:lrigek:a ikg RIAIg 3 5 :I. 7 KgL G.. 1 1 8 / 2 0 0 7. Ui@Q, =>e IgiE>KI>UK:a g miwegq b:alikri@i@q K@Q c@ipetq gl gl>uc>k:a i> L :ak awk@k: KgL IgE@A>LKT (E@ r<b:ai@ L g;gct KPe :e:<b:upe =ab:agcg<@kabze, :I:c:;T KPe LcabZe E> rb KPi@ cw<p : gbcui>pe : aq W K>meabrQ Ig=a:<I:lrQ bc. ). 7. :a: Wc>Q KaQ c@iperq A: >b=u=gek:a K: : :I:UK@K: eweae: :I:iK:KabR /=ab:agcg<@kabr. 8 W bra> KaEgc W<ag KgL 8e:=WmgL A: <UegeK:a Wc>Q ga eweae>q bi:kti>aq, iwelpe: E> KgLQ aimwgek>q bra> lgir %WEgLQ b:a im>kabrq <blbcuglq KgL, gli<>ugl abgegeu:q b:a abgegeabze. 8) ) 1 1 o %I+8I!I : : ) A:KR K@Q =a:btilg@q KgL =a:<peaiegw L g;rcc>k:a Eri: ikg EaiW K gl migeabgw =a:ikte:kgq, : W K@e @E>IgE@eU: K@Q =@EgiU>Li@Q K@Q =a:btilg@q ErmIa K@e @E>IgE@eU: L g;gctq KPe IgilgIZe. ; ) A:KR K@Q =a>eri<>a:q KgL =a:<peaiegw rpq b:a K@e b:k:blipkabt : Wl:i@ Eri: i> migeabw =arik@e: KIaZe >I<RiaEPe @E>IZe, :lwkgl g >e=a: l>iwe>egq :er=gmgq cr;>a <ezi@. :a: Kg :I:=>bKW K@Q Rib@i@Q reik:i@q, IgibgEU?>K:a :IR;gcg b:kra>i@q L ri KgL @EgiUgL gigw UigL E> Kg 0, 1 0 > U KgaQ >b:kw ( 0, 1 0 % ) > U K@Q IgY gcg<aiere@q :GU:Q KgL L W IgETA>a: >U=gLQ, Kg wogq KgL g gugl =>e E gi>u >Ue:a e: EabIWK>Ig KPe macupe ( 1 0 0 0 ) b:a E><:cwK>Ig KPe rek> macar=pe ( 5. 0 0 0 ) >LIZ. +g :IR;gcg : gk>c>u =@EWiag rig=g b:a b:k:mpi>uk:a ikge bp=abw :IaAEW >iw=gl (A8 ) 3 7 4 1 ( :IR;gc: : W bra> :aku: ). $> bgaet : Wl:i@ KPe, gli<ze abgegeu:q, abgegeabze b:a 8eR KLG@Q E gi>u e: :e: Igi:IEW?>K:a Kg gigikw KgL :I:;WcgL b:a Kg wogq KPe :epkrip gize. 8) ) 1 2 H A.0)I!I $+89!98I!I : :er=gmgq =>e =ab:agwk:a e: E>K:;a;Ri>a T >bmpiti>a K@ *we;:i@ T ErIgQ :LKTQ T KaQ >G :LKTQ @<R?gLi>Q L gmi>zi>aq KgL K@e mpiuq r<<i:l@ ile:ue>i@ K@Q 8e:ArKgLi:Q 8ImTQ. 1 0
8) ) 1 3 H +) ( (!I +I I,$98II : iwe;:i@ E gi>u e: KIg g ga@a>u, WK:e ilelpetigle <a :LKW K: ile;:ccwe>e: ErI@. ga:=t gk> WEPQ, KIg g gu@i@ KPe WIPe K@Q :Igwi:Q iwe;:i@q =we:k:a e: <Ue>a EWeg ><<IR lpq b:a A: L g<irl>k:a b:a : W KgLQ =wg ile;:ccgereglq, E>KR : W <epeg=wk@i@ KgL :IEg=UgL gi<regl KgL G:e> aik@eugl, : gbc>awe>e@q I@KR g ga:i=t gk> KIg g gu@i@q E> IglgIabT ilelpeu: b:a Q mpiu e: E>K:;Rcc>K:a @ >bkrc>i@ KgL ri<gl, W PQ Ig=a:<IRl>K:a ik@ =a:btilg@. 8) ) 1 4 H,(.)0I!I 8I-8#!II : 8eR=gmgQ L gmi>gwk:a e: c:e;re>a bra> IWilgIg ErKIg :ilrc>a:q b:a IgiK:iU:Q <a: K@e : gkig T?@EaZe T lagize b:a >Ue:a L >walegq <a: bra>?@eu: T ;cr;@ IgiZ Pe, I:<ERKPe T ><b:k:ikri>pe K@Q 8e:ArKgLi:Q ImTQ 8, KgL IgiP abgw K@Q T KIUKPe b:a <a: K@e : gb:krik:i@ bra> KrKga:Q ;cr;@q T?@EU:Q gl >Ue:a =Le:KWe e: IgG>e@A>U b:kr T > >Lb:aIU: K@Q >bkrc>i@q K@Q, @I>iU:Q : W Kge 8eR=gmg, >l Wige gl>uc>k:a i> IRG@ T :IRc>aO@ :LKgw. 8eR=gmgQ L gmi>gwk:a e: :il:cui>a b:a e: =a:k@i>u :il:caiereg Kg IgiP abw KgL ikglq :IEW=agLQ :il:caikabgwq gi<:eaiegwq b:a Wc@ K@ =arib>a: >bkrc>i@q KgL ri<gl. 8e:ArKgLi: 8ImT c:e;re>a Wc: K: >e=>=>a<ere: ErKI: <a: K@e IgiK:iU: b:a :ilrc>a: KgL IgiP abgw KgL 8e:=WmgL. 8) ) 1 5 H $(!I+,+!A ++8 : MPIUQ K@e Ig@<gwE>e@ <I: KT ile:ue>i@ K@Q 8e:ArKgLi:Q 8ImTQ, g 8eR=gmgQ =>e : gb:cw K>a >E aik>lkabrq c@iglgiu>q gl KgL =WA@b:e T gl g U=agQ :e:brclo> b:kr K@e Lcg gu@i@ K@Q L @I>iU:Q, gwk> bgaeg ga>u ikgam>u:, r<<i:l: a c@iglgiu>q b: KPe g gupe c:e;re>a <ezi@ i> imri@ E> K@ *we;:i@, L gmi>gwk:a => e: E>IaEeR ZiK> Kg IgiP abw KgL, b:a bra> ile>i<:?we>egq E> :LKWe e: K@ITi>a K@e PQ ReP L gmirpi@. *> >IU KPi@ :ArK@i@Q : W Kge 8eR=gmg K@Q PQ ReP L gmirpitq KgL, @ 8e:ArKgLi: 8ImT =ab:agwk:a e: : :akti>a K@e : gb:krik:i@ KLmWe?@EU:Q K@Q b:a K@e :wi@ bgaeg gu@i@q KPe >E aik>lkabze c@iglgiaze b:a K@e :IRc>aOT K@Q ikg Erccge. 8eR=gmgQ =>e =we:k:a e: Ig;:Ue>a i> =@EWia>Q =@czi>aq im>kabr Kg ri<g E> mpiuq K@e Ig@<gwE>e@ ile:ue>i@ K@Q 8e:ArKgLi:Q 8ImTQ, gwk> e: ilee>krm>a i> =I:iK@IaWK@K>Q :ile;u;:ik>q E> KaQ L gmi>zi>aq KgL : re:eka ik@e 8e:ArKgLi: 8ImT b:a =>e =>ie>w>a K@e 8e:ArKgLi: 8ImT, E> b:ere: KIW g, mpiuq K@e Ig@<gwE>e@ <I: KT K@Q ile:ue>i@. 8) ) 1 6 H 8%0+)8 9!8 : 1. +: ile;:ccwe>e: ErI@ =>e >LAwegeK:a <a: K@ E@ >b ctipi@ KPe ile;:kabze KgLQ L gmi>zi>pe, ikg ErKIg gl @ :=Le:EU: >b ctipi@q gl>uc>k:a i> >IaiK:KabR :epkri:q ;U:Q. 2. : W=>aG@ K@Q :epkri:q ;U:Q ;:Iwe>a :LKWe gl K@e > ab:c>uk:a. 3. OQ >Ia KZi>aQ :epkri:q U:Q ; :e:lrigek:a >e=>abkabr ga :I:bRKP : :>eabt T E>IabT : >I<U:, gl ile> R<>K:a K@ =a:bg T KPe >I<:iaZe KgL b:k:ikte:kgq T KgL >I<giK:iUgL KgL IgE@A>LKT. :>eabt T E>IabT LIb:<aR ikg b:krik@e: T ikg >I<giKRiag KgL IgE@A>LKT. Gc@EEwI:. *>aiewq. GWc>EgQ. E giabwq : gbc>aiewq E>K:lgIZe (a>aegwq abkwgl ). E giabwq : gbc>aiewq >ai:<p<tq ( E M B A R G O ). 4. 8eR=gmgQ, > ab:cgwe>egq L :<P<T K@Q :=Le:EU:Q >b ctipi@q L gmi>zi>ze KgL i> <><gewq gl >E U K>a ik@e reega: K@Q :epkri:q ;U:Q, gl>uc>a e: <epikg gati>a <<I:lW E> r 1 1
KgL IgQ K@e 8e:ArKgLi: 8ImT b:a e: > ab:c>ia>u KgLQ im>kabgwq cw<glq b:a >IaiK:KabR >ekwq : gi;>ikabtq IgA>iEU:Q >Ubgia ( 2 0 ) @E>IZe : W KWK> gl iler;@i:e, IgibgEU?geK:Q K: : :I:UK@K: : g=>abkabr ikgam>u:. $Weg @ r<<i:l@ :e:<eziai@ : W Kge -g Ir:, K@Q :ezk>i@q ;U:Q gl > ab:c>uk:a g 8eR=gmgQ Kge : :ccrii>a : W KaQ iler >a>q K@Q >b IWA>iE@Q T E@ b:krcc@c: >b ctipi@q KgL ri<gl. 8) ) 1 7 H A,)0I!I - #,I A8+8::#!8 +I I,$98II A(+0I 8%8., : 8e:ArKgLi: 8ImT =we:k:a e: > a;rc>a blizi>aq E> K@ EgIlT IgiKUEPe ik@e >IU KPi@, ik@e g gu: g 8eR=gmgQ b:alik>i>u, mpiuq e: ilekirmgle cw<ga :epkri:q ;U:Q, K@e :IR=gi@ :I:=gKrgL, ri:e KPe migeabze >IaAPIUPe gl A: :e:lrigek:a b:a A: <UegLe :Ega;:U: : g=>bkr ik@ iwe;:i@. +: IWiKaE: giu?gek:a iwelpe: E> Kg RIAIg 3 2 KgL A:ege aiegw GIgE@A>aZe @EgiUgL (G..1 1 8 /2 0 0 7 ). *> >IU KPi@ > :e>ac@eerepe b:alik>iti>pe ik@e >bkrc>i@ K@Q L @I>iU:Q T i> >IU KPi@ :IR;:i@Q : W Kge :er=gmg gagl=t gk> : W KgLQ WIgLQ K@Q a:btilg@q b:a K@Q im>kabtq iwe;:i@q T c@ee>cgwq >bkrc>i@q KPe L gmi>zi>pe KgL, @ 8e:ArKgLi: 8ImT wik>i: : W IWK:i@ K@Q :IEW=a:Q akig TQ G:I:bgcgwA@i@Q b:a G:I:c:;TQ =ab:agwk:a e: b@iwg>a Kge 8eR=gmg rb KPKg b:a e: cwi>a K@ iwe;:i@ :?@EUPQ <a: Kg cc@eabw @EWiag. a gaeabrq ITKI>Q =>e ;RccgeK:a > a b:a @ rb KPi@ =>e > rim>k:a :e g 8eR=gmgQ : g=>ug>a WKa @ b:alikri@i@ gl>uc>k:a i> :ezk>i@ ;U: T i> L :akawk@k: K@Q 8e:ArKgLi:Q 8ImTQ. *> >IU KPi@ rb KPi@Q L gmi>gwk:a 8eR=gmgQ g i> : gb:krik:i@ bra>?@eu:q : W K@e :IR;:i@ <a: K@e g gu: > a;ct A@b> @ rb KPi@. :a: K@ =a:=ab:iu: btilg@q 8e:=WmgL KgL rb KPKgL, rmgle :ercg<@ >l:ieg<t ga =a:krg>aq KgL RIAIgL 3 4 KgL G 2 0 0 17 1. 8 / 8) ) 1 8 o A),& A(+0+, 8%8., : Re g 8eR=gmgQ ikge g gug r<ae> @ :e:bguepi@, =>e IgiTcA> e: L g<iro>a K@e iwe;:i@ i: Er ik@e IgA>iEU: KgL giuik@b>, b@iwii>k:a rb KPKgQ E> : Wl:i@ K@Q 8e:ArKgLi:Q 8ImTQ. 8eR=gmgQ b@iwii>k:a L gmi>pkabr rb KPKgQ : W K@ iwe;:i@ b:a : W bra> =ab:uper KgL : giir>a : W :LKT, >lwige =>e >bkrc>i> Kg ri<g Eri: ikg ile;:kabw miweg T Kg miweg :IRK:i@Q gl KgL =WA@b> iwelpe: E> Wi: Ig;cr gek:a ikg im>kabw RIAIg K@Q :Igwi:Q =a:btilg@q. 8eR=gmgQ =>e b@iwii>k:a rb KPKgQ WK:e Kg ri<g >bk>cria@b> =>e E> >LAwe@ KgL @EgiUgL T WK:e ilekirmgle cw<ga :epkri:q ;U:Q. $> K@e : Wl:i@ btilg@q 8e:=WmgL >b KZKgL : W K@ iwe;:i@ E gi>u e: KgL :I:im>A>U @ =Le:KWK@K: :IR=gi@Q KgL ri<gl ErmIa K@e Ig@<gwE>e@ K@Q @E>IgE@eU:Q =a>eri<>a:q KgL =a:<peaiegw gl <Ue>K:a >aq ;RIgQ KgL ri:e K@Q g gu:q gl=>eu: :IR=gi@ <Ue>K:a =>bkt. 8) ) 1 9 H -8)$ I+!A8!!8!+I!8 : :er=gmgq KgL ri<gl b:a @ 8e:ArKgLi: 8ImT A: Igi :Agwe e: ILAEU?gLe lacabr bra> =a:lgir, gl KLmWe A: IgbwO>a ikaq E>K:Gw KgLQ imri>aq b:kr K@ =arib>a: K@Q aimwgq K@Q iwe;:i@q. U =a:lpeu:q, bra> =a:lgir A: cw>k:a : W K: cc@eabr ab:iktia: :a il<b>biaere: b : K ab:iktia: K@Q 8ATe:Q, >l:iegikrg => =Ub:ag >Ue:a ReKgK> Kg cc@eabw. >e : gbc>u>k:a WEPQ, <a: giaiere>q >Ia KZi>aQ >lwige ilelpegwe b:a K: =wg ErI@, e: Ig;c>lK>U ik@ iwe;:i@ IgilL<T KPe ile;:ccgerepe, :eku KPe ab:ik@iupe, i> ak@iu: =a: iwelpe: ReK: E> K@e cc@eabt %gega>iu: b:a E> Wi: E>K:Gw KgLQ ilelpetigle. 8e =>e > rca>a KrKga: ilelpeu:, @ :IEg=aWK@K: <a: K@e > UcLi@ K@Q =a:lgirq :etb>a ik: cc@eabr ab:iktia: b:kr K: gia?we>e: ik@e :I: ReP G:IR<I:lg. 1 2
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