Περίληψη : Prominent family of the Byzantine court, which emerged in the years of Basil II (963/976-1025). They thrived from the 13 th century onwards, with several members of the family holding senior, mainly military, positions. There were intermarriages with the imperial Komnenos and Palaiologos families and the noble families of Bryennios, Doukas, Branas, Kourtikes and Philanthropenos. Their trace was lost after the 17 th century. Άλλα Ονόματα Tarchaniotes, Trachaneiotes, Trachaniates, Tarchoniates Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Before the late 10 th century, Thrace (late 10 th c., Italy) Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου After the 17 th century, Russia Κύρια Ιδιότητα Aristocrats 1. The Family The Tarchaneiotes family, whose name probably derives from their birthplace, the settlement of Tarchaneion near Kypsela, Thrace, 1 emerged in the historical scene during the reign of Basil II (963/976-1025). They held senior offices in the administration and at times served as military commanders, thus playing an active role in the political and military matters of the Byzantine state. They were active mainly in the western part of the Empire, especially Macedonia and Italy. 2. Famous Members in the Battlefield (10th-11th c.) In 999 Gregory Tarchaneiotes, in his capacity as the katepano of Italy, turned the Saracens successfully out of the country, while shortly later Basil Tarchaneiotes was awarded the title of magister militum of the West. Other members of the family activated in the East, such as Joseph Tarchaneiotes, who in 1071 accompanied Romanos IV (Diogenes) (1068-1071) in his campaign against the Seljuks in Armenia and later became doukas of Antioch. 3. Intermarriages In the 11 th century the social position of the Tarchaneiotes family improved thanks to intermarriages with the Bryennios and later the Komnenos families. However, during the reign of the Komnenos family (1081-1183) they were not given key positions, with the exception of John Tarchaneiotes, who was awarded the title of the protos of the Athonite, the highest ecclesiastical office a member of the family had ever been awarded, and another John Tarchaneiotes, who was awarded the title of protoproedros. The family thrived in the 13 th century after the intermarriage with the Palaiologos family, when the megas domestikos Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes by order of John III Doukas Vatatzes (1222-1254) got married to Maria Palaiologina, the elder sister of Michael Palaiologos, the subsequent Michael VIII (1258-1261: Nicaea / 1261-1282: Constantinople). The Tarchaneiotes family was going to be among the most eminent aristocratic families and possessed vast landed properties in the region of Smyrna. 2 In the same period the protostrator Michael Doukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes got married to Maria Doukaina Komnene Branaina Palaiologina. 4. Famous Members in the Battlefield (13th-14th c.) Δημιουργήθηκε στις 23/6/2017 Σελίδα 1/5
In the years of the Palaiologos dynasty (1261-1453) the Tarchaneiotes family still held senior positions and titles, thus offering their services to the empire. Michael Doukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes fought under Michael VIII Palaiologos (1261-1282) and Andronikos II Palaiologos (1282-1328) against the Bulgarians, the Serbs and the Anjou. John Tarchaneiotes, the son of the megas domestikos Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes, although a leading figure of the Arsenite movement, led a campaign against the Ottomans in Asia Minor in 1298. Asia Minor was the territory where the pinkernesalexios Doukas Philanthropenos activated later; he was John s nephew and the usurper to the throne of Andronikos II Palaiologos. 5. Relations with the Imperial Power In the years of Michael VIII and Andronikos II some members of the Tarchaneiotes family, who belonged to the Arsenite party, disputed with the central administration, faced serious accusations and were imprisoned. In 1347 John VI Kantakouzenos (1347-1354), the great-grandson of Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes, ascended the throne of the Byzantine Empire following a hard struggle. He was joined by several members of the Tarchaneiotes family, such as Manuel Kourtikes Tarchaneiotes, one of his loyal companions during the turbulent period of the civil war (1341-1347), and protostrator Constantine Tarchaneiotes, who led the Byzantine troops during the battle against the Genoese of Galata on July 28, 1351. When John VI Kantakouzenos lost his throne the Tarchaneiotes family continued playing a key role in the Empire, still holding senior positions. 6. Notable Members in Italy and Russia After the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 some members of the Tarchaneiotes family fled to the West. The scholar Paulos Tarchaneiotes and his nephew Michael Maroullos Tarchaneiotes, who excelled as a poet, as well as the historian John Tarchaneiotes activated in Italy shortly later. In the same period other members of the family went to Russia, where they held key positions. George Tarchaneiotes was a distinguished diplomat under the sovereign of Russia John III (1458-1505), while his brother Demetrios and his nephew George were awarded the title of boyar under Zoe-Sophia Palaiologina, John III s wife. Their descendants held senior positions in the Russian court until the 17 th century, but from then onwards no further information is provided about the family. 1. Moravcsik believes that the name Tarchaneiotes comes from the Türkmen word tarquan (blacksmith) or the Bulgarian office of tarkanos; see Moravcsik, G., Byzantinoturkika II (Berlin 1958), pp. 299-300. According to Cahen, the Tarchaneiotes family was descended from Georgia; see Cahen, C., La campagne de Mantzikert d après les sources musulmanes, Byzantion 9 (1934), pp. 630-631; see also Άμαντος, Κ., Σύμμεικτα: Πόθεν το όνομα Ταρχανειώτης, Ελληνικά 2 (1929), pp. 435-436. 2. The Tarchaneiotes family is mentioned in the historical work of George Pachymeres: Bekker, Ι. (ed.), Georgii Pachymeres de Michaele et Andronico Palaeologis libri trecedim 1 (CSHB, Bonn 1835), p. 21. Βιβλιογραφία : Polemis D., The Doukai. A Contribution to Byzantine Prosopography, London 1968, University of London Historical Studies 22 Ahrweiler H., "L histoire et la géographie de la région de Smyrne entre les deux occupations turques (1081-1317), particulièrement au XIIie siècle", Travaux et Mémoires, 1, 1965, 1-204 Δημιουργήθηκε στις 23/6/2017 Σελίδα 2/5
Moravcsik G., Byzantinoturcica II: Sprachreste der Turkvölker in den byzantinischen Quellen, 2nd ed., Berlin 1958, Berliner Byzantinische Arbeiten, no 11 Leontiades I.G., Die Tarchaneiotai. Eine prosopographisch-sigillographische Studie, Θεσσαλονίκη 1998, Bυζαντινά κείμενα και Mελέται αρ. 27 Cahen C., "La campagne de Mantzikert d'après les sources musulmanes", Byzantion, 9, 1934, 613-642 Kazhdan A., "Tarchaneiotes", Kazhdan, A. (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, 3, Oxford New York 1991, 2011-2012 Leontiades I.G., "Ταρχανειώτης", Trapp, E. Beyer, H. Leontiades, I. (eds), Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit, 11, Wien 1911, 173-178, αρ. 27463-27511 Άμαντος Κ., "Σύμμεικτα: Πόθεν το όνομα Ταρχανειώτης", Ελληνικά, 2, 1929, 435-436 "Φιλανθρωπηνός, Αλέξιος Δούκας, Ανδρόνικος Ταρχανειώτης", Trapp, E. Beyer, H. Leontiades, I., Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit, 12, Wien 1994, 91-93, αρ. 29751-29752, 29754 Talbot A.M., Cutler A., "Glavas, Michael Tarchaneiotes", Kazhdan, A. (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, 2, Oxford New York 1991, 852 Δικτυογραφία : Joseph Tarchaniotes http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/post/1023726 Symposium on Late Byzantine Thessaloniki http://www.doaks.org/publications/doaks_online_publications/dop57/dp57ch10.pdf Γλωσσάριo : arsenitai Followers and supporters of patriarch Arsenios Autoreianos, who had excommunicated Michael VIII Palaiologos. Michael managed to get rid of Arsenios in 1265; from that time, Arsenios followers were at odds with the Patriarchate of Constantinople, refusing to recognize Arsenios successors to the patriarchal throne. Politically they supported the Lascarid dynasty and opposed the dynasty of the Palaiologoi. The dispute was resolved in 1310. boyar Title of the select members of the Slavic nations'aristocracy. In Russia the boyars composed an advisory committee (duma) that controlled the state's issues during periods of transition, dynastic discords or decline of the central authorities. doukas (lat. dux) Antiquity: Roman military commander who, in some provinces, combined military and civil functions. Buzantium: a higher military officer. From the second half of the 10th c. the title indicates the military comander of a larger district. After the 12th c., doukes were called the governors of small themes. katepano (from "epano","above") Governor of a katepania. Title that from the end of the 10th century characterized the commanders of large provinces as Italy or Mesopotamia and from the 11th century, it was used also in the regions of Bulgaria, Antioch etc. magister militum Senior military commander in the Roman and Early Byzantine period. The office was given to the commander of the forces based on the province: magister militum per Armeniam: general commander of Armenia (established by Justinian I), magister militum per Illyricum: of Illyricum, magister militum per Orientem: of the eastern provinces, magister militum praesentalis: in command of the army based on the imperial court, magister utriusque militiae: the general commander of all land military forces, that is, cavalry and infantry. megas domestikos Δημιουργήθηκε στις 23/6/2017 Σελίδα 3/5
Supreme military commander of the imperial army. High-ranking title which was generally given to close relatives of the emperor. pinkernes [also pikernes or epikernes, possibly from the Latin pincerna, a word deriving from the greek verb epikerannymi, meaning to mix (wine)]). Cup bearer of the palace. Official at the personal service of the emperor. In the Late Byzantine years, the pinkernes was a very honorary title, while in the 14 th century it was awarded to very important figures, such as Alexios Philanthropenos. protoproedros A high-ranking title of Byzantine court hierarchy, awarded to members of the Senate. It was introduced in 963 by Nikephoros Phokas to denote the highest-ranking official of senatorial class. It appears constantly until the 11th century as a dignity higher than that of proedros and is not mentioned in the sources after the middle of the 12th century. protos (lit. "First"). Title designating, already from the 7th c., the head of a large monastic community, such as those of Latros, Mt. Athos and Meteora. The monk elected to carry the title had administrative and judicial authority in the community, while outside it he acted as its designated representative. protostrator A Byzantine military office, accorded to the chief of imperial stratores or hippokomoi («grooms»). The title is first mentionned in the 8th century. In the 9th and 10th century, his major duty was to accompany the Emperor while on horseback. In the 12th century he was one of the highest officials of the Byzantine court and he also commanded troops. Πηγές Bekker, Ι. (ed.), Georgii Pachymeres de Michaele et Andronico Palaeologis libri trecedim 1 (CSHB, Bonn 1835). Bekker, I. (ed.), Michaelis Attaliotae Historia (CSHB, Bonn 1853). Schopen, L. (ed.), Ioannis Cantacuzeni Eximperatoris Historiarum Libri IV (CSHB, Bonnae 1831). Verpeaux, J. (ed.), Pseudo-kodinos, Traité des offices. Introduction, texte et traduction (Le monde byzantine 1, Paris 1969). Βοηθ. Κατάλογοι Notable members of the Tarchaneiotes family Gregory Tarchaneiotes, katepano of Italy (999) Basil Tarchaneiotes, magister militum/senior military commander of the West (after 999) Joseph Tarchaneiotes, doukas of Antioch (after 1071) John Tarchaneiotes, protos (in the years of the Komnenian dynasty) John Tarchaneiotes, protoproedros (in the years of the Komnenian dynasty) Nikephoros Tarchaneiotes, megas domestikos (under John III Doukas Vatatzes) Michael Doukas Glabas Tarchaneiotes, protostrator (in the years of Michael VIII Palaiologos and Andronikos II Palaiologos) John Tarchaneiotes, military official (1298) Alexios Doukas Philanthropenos, pinkernes (in the years of Andronikos II Palaiologos) John VI Kantakouzenos (1347 1354) Δημιουργήθηκε στις 23/6/2017 Σελίδα 4/5
Manuel Kourtikes Tarchaneiotes, official (in the years of John VI Kantakouzenos) Constantine Tarchaneiotes, protostrator (1351) Notable members of the Tarchaneiotes family after the Fall of the Byzantine Empire Paul Tarchaneiotes, scholar (Italy, after 1453) Michael Maroullos Tarchaneiotes, poet (Italy, after 1453) John Tarchaneiotes, historian (Italy, after 1453) George Tarchaneiotes, diplomat (Russia, under John III) Demetrios Tarchaneiotes, boyar (Russia, under John III) George Tarchaneiotes, boyar (Russia, under John III) Δημιουργήθηκε στις 23/6/2017 Σελίδα 5/5