,, 2015

621.039.516.4-1000 05.14.14,, 2015

2.... 6..... 7 1. -1000...... 14 1.1. -1000 -... 14 1.2. - 15 1.2.1. 16 1.2.2. 17 1.2.3. -... 18 1.2.4. -. 20 1.3. -1000 -......... 23 1.4. - -1000... 26 1.5. - -1000..... 28 1.5.1.. 29 1.5.2... 35 1.6. -... 36 1.7. -.... 38 1.8. -1000.. 40

3 1.9... 41 1.10... 42 2... 44 2.1.,... 44 2.1.1. 46 2.1.2.... 47 2.1.3. 49 2.2. -.... 52 2.3.. 53 2.3.1. 53 2.3.2. -. 56 2.4.. 58 2.5. -1000 60 2.6... 60 2.7. -. 61 2.8. 61 2.9. 63 3. - -1000...... 64 3.1... 64 3.2. - 65 3.3. - -1000.... 69

4 3.4. - - -1000... 71 3.4.1. -1000... 71 3.4.2. -1000 73 3.4.3. -1000.. 75 3.4.4. -1000 76 3.5.... 78 4. - -1000. 81 4.1.... 81 4.2.. 83 4.3. 85 4.4... 91 4.4.1.. 91 4.4.2.. 92 4.4.3. 93 4.4.4.. 95 4.4.5... 98 4.4.6. -.. 100 4.5. - 103 4.6. 105

5 4.7.,... 106 4.8. ё γ-... 107 4.9... 111. 114... 115. 127

6 Щ ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

7 А. 50 %. -, ( ) - ( ) - 2050. - ( ) [1]. 15 13-1000. -1000,.. - 100 %. -1000, - [2]., 50 % -,, - [3]., -1000 -,,., - ( ).

8, -1000 ( -320), 10000 30 100 % [4]., - -1000 ( ) - ( ). ω( ) - -1000 - [5]., ω( ),,,,.. -, - ω( ). -1000 ( ), -., -,, ( ) [6]. -1000, -1000 -. -

9, -. ( ) - -1000 -, -. я. - 645-47 -1000 - ( 0109U002620), 649-135 - -1000 110 % - ( 0109U008453). Ц я. -1000 -,. : -1000; ω( ) - B U ( ), - -1000; ω( ) B U ( ) -1000;

10 γ- - ; - -1000. я: -1000 -. я: - -1000. я:, - ω( ), ω( ) - - ω( ) B U ( ) -1000;, - - γ- -, - -1000. я : -1000, -,, - ω( ),, - ω( ) B U ( )

11, - -1000. - - ω( ) B U ( ), ω( ) B U ( ), ω( ) B U ( ) -1000;,,, - -, -, ; -1000, -, ω( ) B U ( ),,, - -1000. я. - ω( ) B U ( ) -, -1000,

12 ω( ) B U ( ). - -1000 - - ω( ) B U ( ), - -. - ( ) - ω( ). 1. -,, -. я. [7]. - : [8] - - ; [9, 15, 16] - ; Д11Ж - - ; [12] ; [10, 13 14], ω( ) B U ( ); [17] - - -1000. А я. :,, 2010, ; The 3rd International Conference Current Problems in Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy, 2010, Kyiv, Ukraine;

13 2010., 2011, ; 7-,, 2011,, ; XXI., -,, 2011,,.. 12, 8, (2 SCOPUS), 1.. c,, 49, 9,,, 99. 114.

14 1-1000 1.1. -1000-1000 163 -, (. 1.1). 1.1-1000, 235 U,, -, - [18, 19]. -1000, -,, -, - ( ), - [20, 21]. -1000

15, -,, -. -1000 - :, - ( ) ( ), [22]., ( ) ( ) - ( ) - ( )., -,,, -. - - -1000, - [9, 15, 19]. 1.2. ( ) -1000 I-131, Cs-134, Cs-137, - U-235,,.

16 I-131, Cs-134, Cs-137 -, ( ). - -, ( I-131 28, Cs-134 Cs-137 28. 1.2.1. 20. 0,1 - (. 1.2). 1.2 : 1 ; 2

17 : 1) 5. 0,4 0,5 ; 2), -, 4., 0,1. - [23]. - x -1000 -, -. 1.2.2. -,, -. - (. 1.3).,, -, -. [24].

18 1.3 : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 - -., - -1000, -,,. 1.2.3. - -. -,, - - -.

19 ( ) Kr-85 Xe-133, -., -, (. 1.4). 1.4 - : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5,,. -, KЫ-85 Xe-133. -, - Kr-85 БО-133. - - - -. -. -, -,.

20, - - -1000, - -, ( )., -1000. 1.2.4. - γ- - (. 1.5). 1.5 γ-

21-331, (312) (19). -. γ-, 360 - - [8]., n, - γ-, -. -, -, ( γ- ). -, - γ-, - [25, 26]. - (. 1.6). 1.6 - : 1 ; 2 ; 3

22 -. 1.7 [25]. 1.7. 1.8 [9]. 1.8

23 -, -. -, - -1000,.,, -1000, : ; ;. - -1000 [8, 11, 24 26]. 1.3. -1000 - -1000, -., -1000, [5, 7, 16, 24, 27].

( ), : N, AO N N 24, (1.1) N N N -,,., -1000,. 1.1. 1.1 H Q ( t = const ) ( t Q = const ) H H ( - ) H ( ) Q Q H H -, - / t 0 -, - / t 0 ( t = const Q = const) ( t = const ) ( t = const ) ( Q) G G C H 3 BO 3 C H 3 BO 3

25-1000 ( ), N (. 1.9). 1.9 : 1 ; 2, 1-,, -. [12, 27 29]. -1000 -, - -., - -1000 -, - -1000

26,, - [30]. 1.4. -1000 c -1000, [31, 32]. -,,, - - [0 38]., -1000,,, - -082-07 ( ) [5] - -88/97 ( ) [39]. [5]., - - 0,2 %, 0,02 %.

27, 1 %, 0,1 %., [5]: 1200 C; -, ; 1 % ;.,, -. ω( ) -1000, ω( ), - ( - ), ω( ). -,. -, -, - [40]., -1000 -

28 ω( ),, [6]., -1000. ( ),,. -,, -. -,, -, [40]., -1000 -, - -1000. 1.5. -1000, - -,, -.

29 - - -1000. EPRI ( ), - PWR 1996-2005., PWR [41]: - ; ; (20 %). [40], - 20 %., -1000 -, - -1000, - [42]. 1.5.1. - -1000 - - (100 %), - ( ),,

30, - ( ) [43 45]. -1000, -,, - [46, 47]., 20, -1000 - ( ) «-.,,». -1000 -., -, 10 % [21]., - - -. - 25 40 %,,, -.,, -.

31 [21] : «,»., -1000 -. : -,,,. -1000 - - [30, 37, 48]. -1000,, -, 1,5-2, - [22, 30]. -1000, -1000 - [49 55]. -1000, -, -1000., ( ), -, [40].,, -

32-1000, - [56, 57].,, ( ), - -1000 [13, 22, 40, 51, 58]. -, -1000 [49, 50, 59].,, -, -,,.. [19, 60].,,, [30, 34 36, 38, 46]., - - (,, ) [61, 62]. [47] -, -1000 : 1) ; 2), ; 3).

33, -,,,,,,. 50 % -,,,, -,. -1000 - ( - ), - ( ) ( -1) [47, 51]., - -1000 - [47]. [47], -1000,, -, -1000,. - -1000, -. [6, 22, 40, 56, 57, 63, 64] -

34, -1000,. ( ) -, «- - - ω( ) - -» [40]. - - ω( ) -1000, - ω( ) [6, 22].,, - ( ), -. Eff -, -, - -, - Eff. -, [40]. - -1000 ω( ) [64]. -, : 1) - -1000,,

35,, -. 2) -1000. 3) -1000, -,, -. 4) -1000 ω( ), -1000,. 5) - - ω( ), -1000 ω( ). 6) - - -1000. 1.5.2. -, -1000,,,, etc. -. -,,

36-1000. - -1000,, [18, 19, 27, 67, 68]. -1000 -,. - [52]., -1000., -1000. - - ( ) :, - [33, 49, 51]., -1000., -, - -1000 19, 26, 30, 37, 54, 69. 1.6. - - -1000. 1.10.

37. 1.10. - -1000 - -1000 : 1). 2) ё. 3), /. 4),,. 5). 6). - -1000 - ω( ),,.

38 - -1000 - -1000. -1000, -,, -. ω( ), -, - -1000. 1.7. - -1000. -1000,, -.,...., -1000 [70]. -. -

, -1000 -. [40] : «-,,, -,». - -1000, [66] - N: m i 1 39 min ( t t ), (1.2) i N ( N); m N - N. (1.2) -, -. ( ) -1000 N, 100 80 % N t const, 2- p II = [5,8 6] [22]. 2- ( -2), e ( - ) -1000, -

(1.2),, 40 t const [66]. [66] [71]. -1000 t const 1,5, t const ( ), - I - q l, [13, 14, 40]. 1.8. -1000-1000 1- [19, 33]. -1000, - [5]. щ -1000 :. -1000 :,, -1000 [22];,, - [6, 9, 15, 56, 57, 73].

41 C -1000-1-, - [72]. щ -1000 c : [74]. -1000 c : ; [75]., -, -1000, - -, [16, 17, 22, 28, 57, 66]. 1.9. - -1000, -. - : 1. - -1000. 2. ω( ) -

42 B U ( ) -1000. 3. - ω( ) B U ( ) - -1000. 4. γ- -. 5. - -1000. 1.10. 1. -1000,, -,,. 2., - -1000 - ω( ),., - -1000. 3. -1000 -,

43 - t const, -. 4. -1000 ω( ), «-»., - - -.

44 2-1000 - ( -, -,, -, ) ( ), ( ) -1000 [40]., -, - ( ), - [76]. 2.1., - -1000, - [22, 51, 70, 77, 78]:,,, - 10-, -..

45 -, -1000, 9- [51].,,,. 2.1 2.2 [9, 15]. 2.1 : 1 - ; 2, - - ; 3, ; 4 2.2 (1/6 ): 1 - ; 2

46 2.1.1. - ω( ) -1000, [40]. [6, 22, 40, 63, 64], -,. 2.3. 2.3 : ( ) ; ( ) 1, 2, 3 4-,, : ( 82) - ; 1, 2, 3-7, 4-6 [40].

47 : «5-30-10-43» -, 1-5, 2-30, 3-10, 4-43., 7 : ( 3) - Eff - [40], ( 18) 5- - 23. 2.1 [79]. 2.1 3 18 9-19-21-8 5-30-10-43 5-41-68-43 9-11-20-1 55-22-10 3-22-54-29 13-11-20-6 13-19-21-42 3-30-54-1 2-31-18 4-32-18-42 55-41-12-6 2-31-12-29 4-32-68-8 2.1.2. -1000 - [55, 70]. : ; -1000;

48 ;, -. -1000, 10- - 90 % Д99]. : -,., m= 8 ( ). i- ( ) j (i, j). :, i j (i, j) q l,, i, j kv, i j ql, (2.1) q l, k v i, j, (i, j); < q l > ( / ), < q l > = 168,5 134,8 / N = 100 80 %,. [60],, i j q l, (i, j) :, (2.2) q l, i, j ql, j,max ki, j e q l, j, max j- ; k, (i, j). i j k v i, j, -, - ( ), - - -1000 [55].

2.1.3. 49 B ( ) (i, j) : i, j Q, ( ) d i j B, ( ) i j, (2.3) m 0 i, j Q ( ) (i, j), ; i, j m, (i, j), ; i j, -1000, j-,. 2.2. 2.2 ё,, 287 1-, 16 ё,. 6 ё, 365, 1460, 9,1, 7,73, 0,69, 7,57, 0,24, 0,08

2.2 ё,, 10,6, 1,385, 11,8, 12,75, % 100, 0,1, 20 -, 25, 2, / 3 10,4-4 SR 8, 44,25, 10 U-235, % 4,4, 3 0,21, 3 0, 3 / 84 10 3 N = N, -1-2 1 1014,, / 5,64-1000, : 50 - t const

2.2 ё N = 100 80 % II Г я : N N 1 =100 % N 2 =90 % 0,5 ( ) N N 2 =90 / ) % N 3 =80 % 2,5 ( ) N 3 =80 % 4 ( ) N N 3 =80 % N 1 =100 % 2 ( ) 51 p II = 58 60 10- dn 1-2 /Н = 2 %/6 dn 2-3 /Н = 0,4 %/6 N 3 =80 % dn 3-1 /Н = 1,0 %/6 Г я я УЗ: N = 100 80 % max H =4 % я У [16]: N = N - 15 N N 90 % N 0,5 N 80 % 2,5 ё N = 80 % 4 N N 2. А З: 5- -2 :, 1/6 ( ), 1/6, N; 1, 2 3-7, 4-6 ; 82 ( ) -. Q ( ) (i, j) i, j (2.3) B ( ) i, j 4-, - (. 2.1), -,, -1000 (. 2.2) [80].

52 2.2. - -1000 - ( ). -. 50 /, - - ( ), - - -, [60]. «Femaxi», -1000 [81]. - :,, ;, ;, - [7, 15 17, 22].

2.3. 53 ω( ) -1000, -, -, ( ) -1000, ω( ) [16]. - -1000. 2.3.1., - -1000 [82]: ; ; - SC4, ω( ) - : [83, 84]: ( ) i NC i d 1 lim, lim (2.4) N Ci 0

N C i lim N C i i-, ;, ; lim -. K SC4 10, 6 8 - ( 2.) [40, 82 84]: 54 2.3 K SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 - - - - - - - - - - lim, lim 250 max e 1,2 < ( T, ) 0 lim P P 1, ( ) - (2.4) lim, 1,5 10 lim 0,5 % 1,2, SC1 SC5 - [83]: SC1

, ( ) ; SC2 max e ( T, ), - 0 «-»; SC3 - P, - ; SC5 - -,,, -., SC4 SC1 SC3, SC5 ω( ), -1000,, SC4, SC4 [40]. -1000, - SC4, [84]., 6 8 SC4 [83]. SC4-1000, -, ω( ) SC4 - : 55

, 56 lim N C i lim ω( ), - -1000 ( - ) [40]; SC4, ω( ),,, - щ - -1000 ν << 1 [61, 85]., SC4,, SC4, - -1000. 2.3.2. - -1000 ω( ) - [10, 12, 16]. - : ;,,

,, [40]; A 3 [5]; ω( ), -1000 [22, 40, 56]. ω( ) SC4, K = 10, 57 -, SC4-1000. -, щ [22, 87]: ω( ); ω( ) ν << 1, - -1000 [61, 62, 85]; 5 K - [40]: K SC4 [28, 29, 60]. - ( ) e p e d / A0 1 ; 0 A0 : lim( da/ d ) 1 0 0, (2.5) ( ) ; A 0 A( ) - 0, / 3 ; e ( ), p ( e ) ( ) - ( -1 ),.

-, A 0. -4 A 0 = 55 / 3 [40]. - A 0 = 30 / 3 5 ( ). A 0 -, - -1000 [7, 10, 12, 17, 22, 56, 57]. 58 2.4. ( ) - p e -110, - MATPRτ-A, -4, : -1000; - -1000;, -110 [13]. ); p e ( -1 ) t ( ) [86]: C e 1/ 2 p e K ( e B e )exp( 10000/ R T) t, (2.6) K = 5,129 10 29 ; B = 7,252 10 2 ; C = 4,967 10 8 (,,

(E > 1 ), 1/ 2 ; e, a; R ; T, K;, [60]:,, e 59 e 2 2 2 0,5[( z) z ], (2.7) z, - d ( P P ) d P ]/( d d ), (2.8) [ ci co 2 2 2 2 [ d ( P P ) d P ]/( d d ), (2.9) z ci d ci, ; P co ; P, a; d co, ; P, a.,, : co co ci ci P 2 Ec uc ( rco rci )/ rci, (2.10) r ci, r co, ; u c, ; E c, ; u, (2.11) c u f u f, ; o, o,.

2.5. -1000 60 - ω( ) B U -1000 [6 8, 10 14, 22, 29, 60, 63 66, 81]: ; ; 1. ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. - 5. ; 6. - 7. ; 8.. 2.6., -1000 [60]: q > ; < l, i, j ; -1000;.

61-1000:, [40]. 2.7. - FEMAБI, - - -1000, - NEA Data Bank [60]., 50 / -U, -1000, [81]. 2.8. - ω( ) B U, -1000,,. 2.4. ω( ) B ( ) 4- -1000. U

62 2.4 ё ω( ) B ( ) U

2.9. 63 1. ω( ) B U -1000,, ω( ) B U -1000. 2. - -1000 ω( ), - -,, - - - ω( ), ω( ), -1000, A 0 -. 3. - ω( ) B ( ) U ω( ) B ( ), U ω( ) B ( ), - U - - - -1000.

64 3-1000 3.1. [6, 22, 63], -1000 - ( )., -1000 - ω( ) B ( ) [40]. U : 1) ω( ), ω( ) ; 2) B ( ), - U (1- B Lj max{ Effj 1- }, lim L max,* 2 Lj (1- j ) (1 - lim lim,* 2 L (1- ) (1- * j ) 2 lim,* (1 - B ) 2 min,* j ω( ). : -1000 (.. 2.1). -, -1000,. 2.2. [87]: ) 2 lim,* ; ) 2 (3.1) lim, lim ω( ) lim B B ( ) : opt max lim j ; opt lim j ; lim min opt B Bj B. (3.2)

: 65 lim,* max,* j lim,* 1; j 1; B B 1, (3.3) * lim,* min,* j max lim lim,* 1-1- max,* j ; ; opt j opt 1-1- lim lim,* 1-1- * j ; ; opt j opt 1-1- min,* min lim,* lim opt B B / B ; Bj Bj / B. (3.4) [87], : opt min{ max }; min{ j }; B opt max{ B min }. (3.5) j opt [87]: opt lim,* lim,* lim,* B. (3.6) j, lim, lim lim B : lim opt lim (1- )(1- ) lim (1- ) B 1- ; B. (3.7) opt opt 1-1- lim opt 3.2. - FEMAБI, MATPRO-A [60], - A 0 = 30 M / 3, (1460 ) B(1460 ) -1000 - Д16, 22, 88Ж: 1) - ; 2) ; 3) N = 100 80 %; 4) -. 2.2. ( ) B( ) j = 3 18 = 365 М (I), 730 (II), 1095 М (III), 1460 М (IV). 3.1, 3.2.

3.1 - j 3-9-19-21-8 5-41-68-43 55-22-10 13-11-20-6 3-30-54-1 4-32-18-42 2-31-12-29 3 66 ( ) A/ A0, B, % M / I II III IV I II III IV 7 1,125 2,976 5,771 6,099 16,28 33,70 48,66 55,76 6 1,169 3,941 7,186 7,512 18,55 37,95 54,66 62,49 5 1,173 3,398 5,991 6,232 19,62 39,86 57,13 65,29 4 1,120 1,923 4,200 4,383 20,10 40,54 57,85 66,05 3 1,036 1,118 1,617 1,710 19,97 40,01 56,86 64,86 7 1,244 1,569 2,720 3,979 11,95 29,20 42,34 54,74 6 1,397 1,931 3,237 4,636 13,72 32,79 46,80 60,47 5 1,404 1,516 2,149 3,212 14,60 34,23 48,43 62,39 4 1,357 1,375 1,441 1,657 14,95 34,62 48,56 62,37 3 0,564 0,636 0,797 0,895 14,84 33,98 47,37 60,76 7 1,144 3,306 6,112 17,29 34,79 49,32 6 1,167 4,115 7,222 18,98 38,44 54,67 5 1,169 3,355 5,839 19,59 39,86 56,91 4 1,090 1,700 3,936 19,51 39,96 57,26 3 0,706 0,995 1,452 19,03 39,06 56,07 7 1,137 1,577 3,630 3,722 16,22 31,50 46,10 50,42 6 1,186 2,116 4,644 4,738 18,42 35,70 51,97 56,80 5 1,179 1,608 4,050 4,139 19,52 37,76 54,65 59,75 4 0,922 1,126 2,395 2,467 19,96 38,53 55,48 60,61 3 0,841 0,916 0,921 0,943 19,77 38,01 54,53 59,56 7 1,220 2,140 3,646 3,739 13,63 31,06 44,66 49,25 6 1,328 2,795 4,525 4,624 15,75 35,16 49,87 55,04 5 1,315 2,066 3,657 3,746 16,72 36,77 51,81 57,20 4 1,059 1,262 1,856 1,899 17,24 37,34 52,26 57,68 3 0,715 0,759 0,815 0,828 17,20 36,82 51,18 56,48 7 1,220 2,168 3,328 4,674 13,54 31,04 43,53 55,92 6 1,333 2,844 4,283 5,740 15,68 35,18 49,09 62,69 5 1,324 2,164 3,599 4,937 16,70 36,89 51,48 65,49 4 1,065 1,275 1,812 2,614 17,17 37,34 52,07 65,96 3 0,735 0,767 0,835 0,983 17,06 36,68 51,05 64,44 7 1,233 1,779 3,671 5,128 12,02 29,28 43,75 56,55 6 1,389 2,646 5,036 6,585 13,85 33,70 49,91 63,88 5 1,394 2,045 4,462 5,908 14,74 35,35 52,27 66,70 4 1,075 1,352 2,632 3,794 15,15 35,81 52,91 67,28 3 1,020 1,191 1,261 1,482 15,06 35,23 51,96 65,90

j 18 3.2 18 ( ) A/ A, - 0 B, % M / I II III IV I II III IV 7 1,243 1,726 3,699 5,033 11,95 29,37 43,90 56,31 6 1,396 2,238 4,696 6,128 13,72 33,14 49,37 63,04 5-30-10-43 5 1,402 1,565 4,021 5,313 14,60 34,66 51,70 65,66 4 1,026 1,356 2,311 3,236 14,95 35,05 52,36 66,17 3 0,952 1,223 1,263 1,308 14,84 34,47 51,47 64,85 7 1,126 1,603 3,657 3,760 16,28 31,55 46,16 50,75 6 1,170 2,183 4,707 4,810 18,55 35,83 52,10 57,26 9-11-20-1 5 1,174 1,657 4,110 4,207 19,62 37,86 54,76 60,14 4 0,932 1,122 2,447 2,527 20,10 38,67 55,62 61,04 3 0,807 0,901 0,941 0,973 19,97 38,21 54,73 60,04 7 1,219 2,222 3,733 5,143 13,63 31,13 44,73 57,54 6 1,328 2,879 4,613 6,143 15,75 35,20 49,91 63,89 3-22-54-29 5 1,315 2,312 3,932 5,382 16,72 36,99 52,03 66,46 4 1,185 1,269 2,107 3,108 17,24 37,69 52,60 66,97 3 0,834 0,941 1,011 1,158 17,20 37,23 51,58 65,52 7 1,137 2,942 5,718 7,405 16,22 33,64 48,60 61,00 6 1,186 3,871 7,075 8,840 18,42 37,82 54,53 68,13 13-19-21-42 5 1,179 3,353 5,946 7,246 19,52 39,76 57,03 71,04 4 1,126 1,860 4,128 5,187 19,96 40,41 57,71 71,61 3 0,722 1,041 1,572 2,162 19,77 39,81 56,65 70,05 7 1,233 1,779 2,881 12,02 29,28 41,76 6 1,389 2,646 4,031 13,85 33,70 47,61 2-31-18 5 1,394 2,045 3,405 14,74 35,35 49,94 4 1,070 1,351 1,710 15,15 35,81 50,54 3 0,734 0,857 0,960 15,06 35,23 49,61 7 1,144 2,979 5,516 5,660 17,29 34,54 49,01 53,33 6 1,167 3,632 6,386 6,516 18,98 38,05 54,26 59,10 55-41-12-6 5 1,169 2,679 5,099 5,190 19,59 39,22 56,14 61,24 4 1,090 1,219 3,121 3,199 19,51 39,18 56,28 61,41 3 0,808 0,995 1,088 1,117 19,03 38,17 54,90 59,93 7 1,220 2,168 3,481 3,718 13,54 31,04 44,18 51,28 6 1,333 2,844 4,313 4,559 15,68 35,18 49,19 57,02 4-32-68-8 5 1,324 2,164 3,402 3,606 16,70 36,89 51,09 59,26 4 1,065 1,275 1,661 1,751 17,17 37,34 51,29 59,48 3 0,689 0,767 0,813 0,862 17,06 36,68 50,08 58,08 67

ω( ) B ( ) - U 68 - -1000, -,, : ω( ) B ( ) - U ω( ), B ( ) ; 3 -, ω( ), : 3( ) = [0,828 %; 7,512 %], 3 ( ) 3,93 % 1,944 %; 18 -, ω( ), : 18( ) = [0,862 %; 8,84 %], 18 ( ) 3,95 % 2,066 %; 3 -, ω( ), : B ) = [49,25 / -U; 67,28 / -U], - U ( 3 B ) 59,63 / -U U3 ( 3 5,028 / -U; 18, ω( ), : B ) = [41,76 / -U; 71,61 / -U], - U ( 18 B ) 59,63 / -U U18 ( 18 7,062 / -U; 3 18 ω( ) 6- ; U

3 18 B ( ) 13 14 - U 69 4-, 4-5-. 3.3. - -1000 [6, 22, 87], - ω( ) B ( ), ω( ) - U, - -1000 - B ( ) U,. : 1) ω( ) - ; 2) B ( ), ω( ) -. lim 13 %, (3.1), 3 18 - Eff. (3.5): opt 7,512 %; opt 3,93 %; B opt 49,25 / -U. (3.8) (3.7): lim (1-0,13)(1-0,0393) 1-0,096; (3.9) 1-0,07512

70 lim (1-0,13) 49,25 B 46,33( / -U) (3.10) 1-0,07512 (3.2): 0,07512 max j 0,13 (3.11) 0,0393 j 0,096 (3.12) min j 46,33 B 49,25 (3.13) (3.11) (3.13), (3.3), (3.4): lim lim,* 1-1 0,13 0,941 opt (3.14) 1-1- 0,07512 lim,* 1-1- lim opt 1 0,096 0,941 1-0,0393 (3.15) lim,* lim opt B B / B 46,33/ 49,25 0,941 (3.16) : max,* * min,* j 0,941 j 1; 0,941 j 1; 0,941 B 1, (3.17) max max,* 1-3 1 0,07512 max,* 1-18 1 0,0884 3 1; 0,986; opt 18 opt 1-1- 0,07512 1-1- 0,07512 * 1-3 1 0,0393 * 1-18 1 0,0395 3 1; 1; opt 18 opt 1-1 0,0393 1-1 0,0393 min,* min opt 3 3 B B / B 49,25/ 49,25 1; B B / B 41,76/ 49,25 0,848; max min,* min opt 18 18 (3.1),. L lim 0,102 ; L 3 0 ; L 18 0,153; L3 0 L18 0,153 Eff 3 1-1- 1; Eff 1-1- 0, 5 lim 18 (. 3.3). lim L 0,102 L 0,102 j T 3.3 min, % j, % B, M / Eff j max j 3 7,512 3,93 49,25 1 18 8,840 3,95 41,76-0,5 j

, - ω( ) 71 B U, -1000, -, 3 18., Eff 18 0,, min 18 B 41,76 M /,.. - B lim 46, 33 M /. min 3, B 49, 25 M /, B. lim 3.4. - -1000 3.4.1. -1000-1000 - N=100 % ё - [19]. -1000 ё - [54]. ω( ) B ( ) -1000. 3.1 (,, 290 ). -1000, ω( ) - 3 6-, B ( ) 4- (. 3.2). U U

72 3.1 ω( ) B U ( ) -1000: 1, 2, 3, 4 1-, 2-, 3-4-, 3.2-1000 - - 1000,, ω( ) B ( ) - -1000. U

3.4.2. -1000 73-1000, N 100 80 % ( 3.). 3.3-1000 -1000 N [7, 10, 12 17]: N 100 90 % 0,5, ; N 90 80 % 2,5, - ( 3.). 3.4-1000

74 4 80 %; «-», [51, 55, 71]. -1000, ω( ) 3 6-, 4- (. 3.5, 3.6). 3.5 ω( ) -1000: 1, 2, 3, 4 1-, 2-, 3-4-, B U ( ) 3.6 ω( ) -1000 B U ( )

3.4.3. -1000 75-1000 N [7, 10, 12 17]: N= N 5 ; 5 N 50 %; N = 50 % 40 ; N 50 100 % 3 ( 3.7). 3.7-1000 - 10-,, 10-86 %, 9-, (. 3.8). 3.8-1000

76 - -1000, ω( ) - 3 6-, 4- (. 3.9, 3.10). 3.9 ω( ) B U ( ) -1000: 1, 2, 3, 4 1-, 2-, 3-4-, 3.10 ω( ) -1000 B U ( ) 3.4.4. -1000-1000, -

4, N 50 % - 3.1 [7, 10, 12 17]. 77 3.11-1000 - - -1000. 3.12. 3.12-1000 - -1000, ω( ) 3 6-, - 4- (. 3.13, 3.14).

78 3.13 ω( ) B U ( ) -1000: 1, 2, 3, 4 1-, 2-, 3-4-, 3.14 ω( ) B U ( ) -1000 3.5. 1. ω( ) B ( ) U, -1000,, ( 3)

79 ( 18) ω( ) - ω( ) : 3: ( ) = [0,828 %; 7,512 %], - 3 3 ( ) 3,93 % 1,944 %. 18: ( ) = [0,862 %; 8,84 %], - 18 18 ( ) 3,95 % 2,066%. 2. - B ( ) ω( ), : ( ) U,3 B = [49,25 / -U; 67,28 / -U], - U B ) 59,63 / -U - U,3 ( 3 5,028 / -U; B ( ) = [41,76 / -U; 71,61 / -U], - U,18 B ) 59,63 / -U - U,18 ( 18 7,062 / -U. 3. Eff -1000, - ω( ), ω( ) B ( ) U ω( ). 4. ω( ) 6- -,. 5. B ( ) - U 4-13 - 14, 4-5-.

80 6. ω( ) B ( ) 3, U ω( ) 6-, B ( ) 4- U -1000: ; ; ;. 7. ω( ) B ( ), -1000 -, - -, -, -, (~0,44 ). 8. - - -.,. U

81 4-1000 4.1. - -1000. [19, 33, 40]: (Δρ). ; - -. ( ) - ( ), - -. [19, 33]: ( 235 U 239 P) (, ). - ;

82, ;.,.. - 2-3-. B ( ) ( ) U ω( ) ( ). - (. 4.1). 4.1 -, (t). u(t), ё f(t). -, B ( ) ω( ). U

83, - -., - [89, 90]. 4.2. - -. - [33, 70, 77]:. Ш. N XE t, (4.1) ρ ; ρ, - 1- ; ρ, ; ρ, ; ρ N, ; ρ XE, - ( ) ; ρ t, -.,, ; ; 1- ;

84., ( ).,, -,, -, -.,,,,,, - ( ), -1000 [18, 91]. - N. - N N= const. - (. 4.2). 4.2

85, (ρ,0 ) (ρ,1 ), (t). u(t), ( 5 +5%) ρ. u(t) / -, ρ N, ρ. ρ,1 ( 290..), -, u(t) -, (ρ, ρ XE ) ρ.. const, : ρ t =0., f(t) ρ=ρ,0. 4.3. - [92].. 5 [79]. - - -1000. 4.3.

86 4.3 : 1, 2, 3 4 0, 80, 160 285. c, - - [77]., [79]: ai ( h h0), (4.2) i i,,..;. 4.1. a і,

4.1, -1 1 1 0,0000164 2 2 0,000033 3 3 0,00003 4 4 0,0000027 5 5 0,00002405 6 6 0,0000198 7 7 0,0000184 8 8 0,0000226 9 9 0,00001414 10 10 0,000009 87, -, i-, -1000. / ρ (C ), C 0 C [78, 93, 94]: C ( C ) dc, (4.3) 0 f ( C ) C.. 4.4 [79]: 5-1,58 %, (4.4) / ( ). (. 4.5).

88 4.4 : 1, 2, 3, 4 N = 1500, 2100, 2700, 3000, - Д95 98]: 1) : dc T4 C k4 G,, (4.5) d

89 ) 4.5 2) : ) ( ) ( ) dc T5 C k5 GH O, (4.5) 2 d C, ; k 4, k 5, / ;

T 4, T 5, ; G, ; 90 G H2 O,., G 40 /, G H 2 O 40 /. : 3 3 k 4 40 ; k 16 ; 5 T 22,3 10 ; 47,7 10. 4 T5, / - / k 4, k 5 2,5, T 4, T 5 2.,,. - :W W p k G TsC C s, (4.6) C бор, / ; k, ; G ( ) ( ), / ; T,., - ( r, ) q v. - ( r, ), - q v

91,. - ( ), ( ) -. -1000 -,. -. 4.4. 4.4.1.. 4.6-1000 [33, 77, 78, 88 92, 95 97]. 4.6 щ : h ; C.

: Q ; t i і- ; ; t 1. щ : t 1. 92 4.4.2. ( ).. 4.7-4.7 : : (N) ; : B( ) ω( ). :.

93, -. - ( ), -. 4.8. 4.8 -, - ( N ),,.. B( ) ω( ). 4.4.3. ( ) -1000, - (. 4.9).

94 4.9 - : (H ); (C ); (T =const); (P j ). : -1000 (Q); ; γ, -. 1-., -, ( ) B( ) ω( ),.., / (. 4.10). : γ-. : B( ) ω( ).

95 4.10-1000. 4.4.4. - ( ) -, -1000,. 4.11 [5, 39, 99]., -, :,, ; ; ;

4.11

, ( 0,25 /, -,, 0,0016 / );, - ; -,, - 16 /.. 4.12., -, -. ( ) -,,. ( ). ( ) -,. - щ ( ).,,. - -1000.

98 4.12 4.4.5. -1000 (. 4.13).

99 4.13 -. : ;,, - ;, - - ;, -. :, ;

100,, -, [24, 83]. -,,.,, -,,. ( ) -., -.,, - щ.,,. щ, -. - -1000. 4.4.6. - - - :

101 ; ; ;. ( ) - ω( ) B( ).. ( ), -. 4.14 - -, (290 ). 1- :. 2- : - ( ),.. ω( ) B( ). 3- : ω( ) B( ) -. 4- :. -, -,. -.

4.14 - -

103 4.5. -. 4.15-1000, D. 4.15 ( 166) D,. - φ max 180º. - 360 720. -, - γ- D,. -

104,, -,.,.. [24, 26]. XOY. 331 360, 331, 360 - ( 4.2). 4.2 -. 1/ UO 2 H 2 O Zr Cs 134 (1365 ) 0.6278 0.0604 0.3175 Cs 134 (1167 ) 0.7062 0.0654 0.3444 Cs 134 (1038 ) 0.7842 0.0694 0.3670 Cs 134 (802 ) 1.0183 0.0785 0.4232 Cs 134 (795 ) 1.0279 0.0788 0.4253 Cs 134 (604 ) 1.4388 0.0891 0.4982 Cs 134 (569 ) 1.5631 0.0915 0.5166 Cs 134 (563 ) 1.5873 0.0920 0.5199 Cs 137 (661 ) 1.3596 0.0856 0.4723 Ru 106 (1050 ) 0.7761 0.0689 0.3581 Ru 106 (622 ) 1.3849 0.0880 0.4895 Ru 106 (511 ) 1.8271 0.0957 0.5528 Eu 154 (996 ) 0.8154 0.1655 0.3755 Eu 154 (1004 ) 0.8088 0.0705 0.3739 Eu 154 (1274 ) 0.6589 0.0626 0.3288

105., - 331 720. 720-331 720. 2-720, 331 1440. : 331 ; 22.5 ; 1º;, (φ ). - γ-. - γ-,. 4.6. n- γ- m- (x m, y m ) D (x 0n, y 0n ) : AD, - (x 0n, y 0n ) m- ; CD, - (x 0n, y 0n ) (x, y ). AD :, (4.7)

: ; 106 ; (4.8) CD : :. ; ;, (4.9) (4.10) 4.7.,, m- -, φ ( 4.) AD CD. φ :, (4.11) i- (x i, y i ), γ-, d i. : ; ; (4.12). :, (4.13) m- i- :

107 -, - φ, : A m ( 5.84 10 ( 1.2 10 3 y 2 m 4 x 2 m 6.1 10 3.9 10 3 y m 3 x m 1.14) 1.15), (4.14) :, (4.15) -,, -,, γ- - ; : 2 2 2 2 ( xi x0 n) ( yi y0 n) ( xm x0 n) ( ym y0 n), (4.16) 4.8. ё γ- m-, γ-, i-, γ-. 4.16 (4.17). 4.16 γ-

108, (4.17) R, ; d i,. i- γ-,., γ- UO 2. γ- m- - UO 2 :, (4.18) γ- :, (4.19) γ- m- : G 2 2 2 2 2 2 ( xm x0 n) ( ym y0 n), (4.20) γ- (, ):, (4.21) γ- :, (4.22) γ- m- - :, (4.23), (4.24) ( - ) A m, m=1,..., 312, -

109 n- :, (4.25), Θ ΔΘ=1.,, :,. 4.17 4.21. 4.17 -,, N E =2 4.18 -, N E =3

110 4.19 - -, N E =2-70 180º 4.20 - -, N E =3 4.21 - -, N E =3-70 180º

111.,, -., - 70º. 4.9. 1. -1000, -,. 2. -, -,,, -1000. 3. -.

112-1000,., - : 1. -1000, -,, - ω( ), -, ω( ) B ( ), - U ( ) - -1000. 2. ω( ) B ( ) - U -1000, 3 -, -, ω( ) B ( ) 6- - U ( ), 2,21 2,65, 4-, 1,33 1,77, -.

113 3., - B ( ) - U ω( ): 3 B ( ) ω( ) B ) = [49,25 / -U; 67,28 / -UЖ, - U ( 3 U B ) 59,63 / -U U3 ( 3 5,028 / -U, 18 B ) = [41,76 / -U; 71,61 / -UЖ, - U ( 18 B ) 59,63 / -U U18 ( 18 7,062 / -U. 4. ( ), -,,,,. - ω( ). 5. -1000, -, ω(τ) B U (τ),

114,, - -1000. 6. - -1000 - - - ω(τ) B U (τ), -.

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