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2. 4 1. - 8 1.1. -... 8 1.2.... 12 1.3.. 19 1.4. 28 1.5. -... 33 1.6... 40 2... 44 2.1. 81-15-3,5-0,5 44 2.2. -10-10 48 2.3. 99,9 51 2.4... 57 3... 60 3.1.... 60 3.2. 67 3.3.. 77

3 3.4.... 82 3.5... 88 4.. 90 4.1. 90 4.2. -... 104 4.3... 116 118... 120.,. 127 1.... 128 2. «-»... 129

4.,,, Д1Ж..,.,., - (. ι 2011. 899).,,,.,,., : «-», 22 2010. 02.ι40.11.053ι; «- (. 11.13θ9.2014/ 18.0ι.2014);

5 1ι «180» ζ19 ι-2013 1ι.04.2013.....,,,....,,.. щ :, ; ;. :, ;

6,,. (,. ) (,. )., (,.). : ; ; -, ;, ABAQUS, DEFORM, PAM-STAMP QFORM., щ :, ;

7, ; ; -., -.. : БIII - - - :, 2012; - «- -»:, 2013; БIV - - - :, 2013; - :, 2014; БV - - - :, 2014.. 11-,,. SМШЩЮЬ.

8 1. - 1.1. -.,,.,, - -,,,., 1500 C 2100., [2]. 20 240, 20 240, :,,.,, IЫ 191,,.., 250.., 10,0 0,02, 0,1, 2 θ 0,1 0,5,

9,,,,,,. 1803.,,. (.. ἶ ) Д3Ж. VIII ιι 192,2., -, ( ).,, Д4]... 1.2. 1.2, [5] [6] [7] 2443 2447 2454 2716 2720 2727 4577 4500-4850 4773 - / 3 22650 22650 22420

10,, 1.1 [5]. 1.1 ( ), ( ) ( ),,., -, Д4].,.,

11, Д8, 9].,. ( ),.,. -.. -.,..,.,,,,., [4Ж.,,,, ι0-80 %., - Д10]. -,.

12 1000. 1.3 [6Ж. 1.2 Д11]. 1.3, 538,3 0,28 HV, 1700-2200, 400-500, 90-120, % 6-10 1.2 0,2 (1), (2) (3) 1.2. -

13,. : - (,, ); - (, -, ); - (, ); - ( ); - (,,, ); - ( ;,, )..,..,., (20-25) %,,.,

14, [12]. «JШСЧЬШЧ εкээсов Company» ( ) [13Ж. 0,5% (.), 0,1%.,,,., ZGS- t (Zirconia Grain Stabilised),.,.,..,,,., Д14, 15Ж,,,.,, 0,0θ% Zr. 1.4 ZGS- t, t - 10% Rh. -

15 10%. 1.3,, -, Pt - 10% Rh. ( 1.3, ). 1.4, ZGS-Pt Pt - 10% Rh, / 3 10-8,, *, %* HV* ZGS- t 21380 11,12 182 42 60 21450 10,6 124 40 40,4 t - 10% Rh 20000 18,4 331 35 75 * 1.3 ( ) ( ), ZGS-Pt ( =ln(1+ )): 1 Pt; 2 ZGS-Pt; 3 Pt - 10% Rh; 4 Pt - 20% Rh,

16 Д16Ж. -.,,,.., Д17]., «А. C. HОЫКОЮЬ» ( ) (., ) - - Pt DPH (DisPersion HКЫНОЧОН).,,,.., (, ),.,,, [18]. PЭ - 10% RС DPH. 1.4 -, t - 10% Rh - «А. C. HОЫКОЮЬ» Д19, 20]. 1.4 PЭ - 10% Rh DPH, 1θ00 Д21].

17 1.4 -, t - 10% Rh -, / 3, *, %* HV* t 21450 128 23 42 Pt DPH 21350 178 22 60 t - 10% Rh 20000 301 38 94 Pt - 10% Rh DPH 19875 371 27 113 *, 1.4 PЭ - 10% Rh DPH 1.5 PЭ-10% Rh DPH,..,.. - Д21].

18 1.5 PЭ-10% Rh DPH -. Д22Ж,, - 1,5% (.),., 10 3 /.,. Д23Ж - 10. -, (0,05-0,5) % (.). (25-35) 10-5, (800-900),.

19 - -,, -.,. -, - 10 -,, 1.5 [24]. 1.5 -, 10 -, / 3, *, %* HV* 99,9 21450 140-200 30-50 30-45 99 21320 300-360 9-10 95-120 - 10 20000 300-350 16-19 125-128 - 10 19970 380-410 22-24 132-135 *, 1.3. - -10.. ( 1.6),.

20 1.θ :.,.,, [25]. : 1) ; 2).,...,,,,.,,. 1.ι.,

21, -.,,.,.,. 1.ι : 1 ; 2 ; 3,,, :,.,.,.. -. Д26Ж (, ).

22,.., Д27Ж, ( 1.8) ( 1.9). (S+Н)/2+(T-Э), S - ; Н - ; - ; Э -., (S+Н)/2+(T-Э) S. 1.8 : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 1.9 ( ),,

23,.,,,.,,, ( ),. - 1,2-1,5,. Д28Ж,,, :. 1.10. 1.10 (

24 ),,..,,,.. 1.11.,. 1.12. 1.11,.,.,, Д28].,

25. 1.13....., 1.13,.,,.,,, ( 1.14, ).,, ( 1.14, ). Д29]. 1.12

26 1.13 : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 1.14 : ; [30Ж,. 1.15. 200 θ10, θ0 140 1,0 1,3.

27 1.15 : ; ; ; ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; θ ; ι ; 8 ; 9 ( ),.,..

28..,.,.,,,..,.,.,,,... 1.4.,,,. -. 1.1θ. ( ). ( ),,..,

29,.,,. 1.1θ : 1, 2, 3, 4 ( ), 5 2004 0,5 ( 1.1ι).,..,.,,.,, [31].,.

30 1.1ι,,,. ( 1.18).,,. ( ),.,.,,,.,. ( 1.19)., ( )...,.

31 1.18 : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, θ, ι 1.19 : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, θ ;, -,. ( 1.20)., 900 1400.,,

32., 500., 900., [32]. 1.20 :, 90-1000-1200 Д11Ж. ( 1.21).,, 350-400,.,., 1300-1350.

33 D = 115 S = 2 V 10 = 250... 0,91 S/D = 0,0183, 11 %. : D = 104,θ 20 9. 1.21 : 1, 2,,. 1.5. - -,.,

34 (,.), ( -,.),. -, -.,. 1.5.1. QFORM QFORM. ( ), ( ) 1991 [33]. : - [34]; - ( ) [35]; - ; - ; - [36]; - ; -. QFORM, : - QFORM - АТЧНШаЬ ;

35 -. QFORM.,,, ; -, ; - QFORM -.,.,. ; - QFORM3D.,, (, ),.

36 1.5.2. DEFORM DEFORM,,. SМТОЧЭТПТМ FШЫЦТЧР TОМСЧШХШРТОЬ CШЫЩШЫКЭТШЧ (SFTC) ( ) ББ [37]. DEFORM, (, [38],,.), (,,.) (,.). DEFηRε,. : - DEFORM 3D, ; - DEFORM 2D, ( ); - DEFORM F3,, DEFORM 3D; - DEFORM F2, ( ), DEFηRε 2D; - DEFηRε HT3 DEFηRε HT2, ( ) ; - DEFORM TOOLS,. DEFORM :

37 - Ring Rolling (3D),., DEFηRε 3D; - Cogging (3D) - DEFηRε 3D. ; - Shape Rolling (3D) - DEFηRε 3D -,,..; - InverЬО PЫШЩОЫЭв EбЭЫКМЭТШЧ (2D 3D) - DEFηRε 3D DEFηRε 2D, ; - Simulation Queue -, ; - MicrostructЮЫО 3D εтмышьэыюмэюыо 2D DEFORM 3D DEFηRε 2D, ; - εкмстчтчр 3D εкмстчтчр 2D DEFηRε 3D DEFORM 2D,. 1.5.3. PAM-STAMP PAM-STAMP 2G ESI Group XX,, Д39]. PAM-STAMP [40]. -

38. PAε-STAMP: - AUTOSTAMP,. - ; - Die Compensation ; - PAM-DIEMAKER,,. -. ; - PAM-INVERSE,,. -, ; - QUIKSTAMP PLUS,,,. QUIKSTAεP PδUS - -.

39 1.5.4. ABAQUS ABAQUS -,. ABAQUS ABAQUS IЧМ. (USA) 19ι8. C 2005 ABAQUS IЧМ. DКЬЬКЮХЭ SвЬЭОЦОЬ, CAD- CATIA Pδε SЦКЫTОКЦ EЧШЯТК. ABAQUS SIεUδIA, DКЬЬКЮХЭ SвЬЭОЦОЬ ABAQUS IЧМ., [41]. ABAQUS ABAQUS Student Edition 1000. SIMULIA ABAQUS. SIMULIA ABAQUS, : - (BMW, Chrysler, Mercedes Benz, Porsche, Volvo); - (3M, Kodak, Gillette/Braun); - (Intel, Hewlett-Packard, Motorola, IBM, Digital); - (Alcoa, British Steel, Dow, Dupont, USX, ); - (ABB, AEA Technology, SIEMENS, EPRI, ); - / (General Dynamics, US Navy, Rolls Royce, Boeing); - (Brown & Root, DNV, Exxon, Shell); - (Geo Consult, ISMES, Sverdrup, T.Y. Lin).

40, SIMULIA ABAQUS -,,.,,,. SIMULIA ABAQUS, : - ( / ); - ; - ; - ( ); - ; -. SIMULIA ABAQUS,,,,,,,,. [42] 1.5.5.,. - -. (, ). : ; ;

41 - ; ;,,.,,,. 2050 200..,.,,,.,,... :,,,,,. :,,,,.

42,,,. 1.6. : 1., -.., DEFORM, QFORM, PAM-STAMP, ABAQUS. 2., ( 15-20 %).,,..,. 3., -,. -. 4..

43. 5.,.,.,. :, ; ;.

44 2.,,. Д43],. Д44, 45], Д46Ж.,,, [47, 48Ж.,,,. 2.1. 81-15-3,5-0,5 1044θ-80 [49Ж IЧЬЭЫШЧ - 33θ5,. 13498-2010 [50Ж,. %: 80,3 81,ι, 14,5 15,5, 3,1 3,9, 0,2 0,8.,., 81-15-3,5-0,5,.,.,

45 BХЮОСТХХ δтэо.,,... ( 30 1000 º ) d 0 = 1,21 l 0 = 100. 50 /, 0,008-1 0,010-1. l i,. P. : ε = 2 ln(d 0 / d i ) (2.1). (2.2) 2.1.,, 300. ( 12%),,,,

46, 2.2. 5%. 2.1 81-15-3,5-0,5 2.2 81-15-3,5-0,5 0,2,,, [51].

47 1,21-0,99-0,82-0,67-0,51 ( 2.3). (2.1), : 0; 0,401; 0,ιι8; 1,182; 1,ι28, 33%, 54%, 69%, 82 %.,,,. 5,. 2.3 81-15-3,5-0,5 2.4.,, 520,.,

48, ( ), -,.. 600 Сопротивле ие дефор ации, МПа 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 Степе ь дефор ации 2.4 81-15-3,5-0,5 :, s (0 1,ι). 4,9% 1,182. 2.2. -10-10 У -10 [52] -10.. 2.5

49-10, 2.6-10. 2.5-10 2.6-10., PGM (Platinum Group Metals) Database, Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company [53], 32 39%, 281,5 317,2. 24%, 322.

50 MatWeb [6] 310.., - 243.,, -10 24% 22 % -10,. - 405 322 ( 2θ%),.,, ( 2.ι). 2.7-10 ( ) -10 ( ):,

51, -10-10,., 0,1-10 s = 440, -10 s = 345, 28%. : -10, -10. -10, -10,, -10,. 2.θ,. 2%,. 2.3. И99,9, ( 2.8). Д54].,, ( ), ( ),,,.

52. ( 2.9) 99,9 13099-2006 9,41 10,35 14,3 1θ,1. 2.8 2.9

53.,.,,, 30. GОЧТDAQ АТЧDAQ εтмышьшпэ EбМОХ. 2.10,,. 2.10,.

54 (2.3) P, F.,,,, Ф = Ф x U.,,.,., (2.4) Н 0, С 0, С 1. «( )». ( 2.11 2.13). :,.,..,, Д55Ж : S = A K ξ Kξ exp (- K ), (2.5)

55 K, K ξ, K,,. K i. K i,, ( ), ( ). K i (2.5), Y = B 0 + B 1 Б 1 + B 2 Б 2 + B 3 Б 3, (2.6) B 0, B 1, B 2, B 3, Б i, В. σ s,мпа 800 700 600 500 400 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 300 200 100 0 0 0,1 0.2 0,3 0,4 0.5 0,6 0,7 0,8 е 2.11 0,2-1

56 σs, МПа 800 700 600 500 400 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 300 200 100 0 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0.4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 е 2.12 2-1 σs, МПа 800 700 600 500 400 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 300 200 100 0 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0.4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 е 2.13 20-1 ln S = ln A + K ln + K ξ ln ξ K. (2.7) N B i (2.θ)., Б i В:

57 B i K, K ξ, K ; ;, ( ). εs ηпптмо EбМОХ,., (2.7) : S = 1446,87 0,2685 ξ 0,047 exp(-0,00072 ). (2.8), (2.8).., Δ = ( S - S ) / S 100, %., Δ max 1ι,04%, Δ 0,θ5%., (2.8). ( ) 0,2 0,θ ( = 0,25-0,45%) [56]. 2.4. 1. 81-15-3,5-0,5.

58. 2. 81-15- 3,5-0,5 0,008 0,01-1 0 1,ι28., 12%. 82%.., 520. 3. -10-10,,. 4. 99,9 800 1400 0,2 20-1. 5.. (0,2-1 ) = 0,8. 0,θ. (2-1 ) = 0,θ. (20-1 ) = 0,θ,, s.. 800 900,..,

59 1000. 1000 1400. 6. (, ),., 0,2 0,6.

60 3. 3.1. 1.3,. ( 3.1). 3.1,..,.,. 3.2., ( 3.4).,.

61 3.2 : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ;, ;, ; ;

63 3.3 : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ( 1.θ). ( 3.3).,,...

64.,.,. 3.4,,., ( ),., ( 3.5),.,..,, 0,25,.,,

65. ( 3.1),,,,...,., [57]. 3.5 : ; ;. 4,0, 19 (9 10 ), 10 80. 120, 1470. 2,5, 3.1.

66,,, 3.6. 1 2, 3 4. 3.θ 3.1,, 1 2,23 2,17 2,15 2,12 2,10 2,11 2,13 2,16 2,21-2 2,39 2,35 2,33 2,31 2,30 2,34 2,30 2,38 2,41-3 2,70 2,71 2,68 2,69 2,67 2,68 2,70 2,66 2,69 2,73 4 2,87 2,82 2,74 2,75 2,73 2,74 2,76 2,77 2,80 2,93, : 1) V (V1 V2), V1, V2 ; 2) ( 1 2), 1, 2.

67 : V1 = 0,19 ; V2 = 0,10 ; V = 0,09 ; 1 = 2,25 ; 2 = 2,ι4 ; = 0,49. V1 > V2,. 2 > 1,.,,.,,... 3.2.,,,,,. ( 3.ι) x, y, z ( z ).. 2 ( ),.

68 3.ι : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ; 4 z,, v z = 0..,,,...,..,,., -,.

69 ( 3.8): l ; L ( ; h H 0 H 1, h 0 H. : L H0 B L H1 B l h B, (3.1) B = const z., h L l H 0 H 1, (3.2)..,. 3.8 : С ; С ;, ; ;

70 -.. u y ( 3.9). u y (, ). 3.9.,., :, ( ), ( ).

71 ( ) ( 3.10). 3.10 v i (i=x, y). v y y=h = -v; v x x=0 = 0. (3.3) v y y=h * B * L = v y y=0 * B * l (3.4), v y y=0 = -v * L/l, (3.5). v y :

72 L v y v 1 1 1 l y h. (3.6) y: v y v L yy 1 y h l. (3.7) v L xx yy 1 h l, (3.8) : v L v xx dx x f y 1 x h l f y, (3.9) v x x=0 = 0 f(y)=0 v L v x 1 x h l, (3.10), v x x.,,., : v x x l / 2 v x x l / 2. (3.11),, v x x L / 2 0, (3.12)

73. v L v x x h 2. (3.13),,. v x v x yy v h v h. (3.14), (3.15) : y. v y : v yy dx y f x v h y : v y 0 0 y f x, (3.16), (3.17) : f(x)=0, v y v h y. (3.18)

74, : y.,, [58].,,..,,.. u i (i = x,y),. (3.19)... (3.20) y=h.,..

75 y=0 ( ).,,, y.. (3.21),,,..,,,. :. (3.22),.,.,, V N T H dv, V N T H dv (3.23) T H -,. H V

i, j x y ij, 76 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 xx yy yy xx xy xx xy, (3.24) 3 -. 0 xy 2 2 v xx xy. (3.25) h 2 2 : v L 2 1. (3.26) h l N в N N V T H dv V T H dv (3.27) N, в s v L 2 s [ V ( 1) V ]. (3.28) h l,, B z, 1 1 V ( L l) hb, V lhb. (3.29) 2 2 N в v s hb[( L l) l] svbl. (3.30) h

77,.,,,,.,, p L p Bv svbl, p 2 s. 2,,. s, s, 3 H 0 ln. 830 2, 4,0, 2,5., = 0,4ι. -10, 2.2. S θθ2, S = 382,2. P = p S = 2 382,2 830 = θ4,ι. 2 (120-130 ),. H К 3.3. ABAQUS, -... :

78 ( ),. :,,.. 3.11. 3.10 ABAQUS, :.,,, ιι00 / 3,, 200000 0,3. 21450 / 3, = 1ι0000, = 0,3ι [6]., C S a b, S -, -, a, b, c. : а = 100, b = 148, = 0,573 [59]..

79. -,.,., -,.,... 0,1. 3.12,. 3.12. 0,5,. 0,2,.,

80 100, 9θ, 800. 99θ,. 3.13. 3.13 ( ) ( ) : 1 ; 2 ; 3. 3.14..,,., ( = 0,698).,,,..

81 :. 3.14 ( - ) 3.15.. 3.16,.,.. 3.15 ( ( ) )

82 3.16 ( ( ) - ), [60]. 3.4. И.,,,.,., Д61, 62Ж,,, Д63Ж,,,.,,.

83 ABAQUS DEFORM. ( 1000), ABAQUS. DEFORM ( - 10 ),. 2.2,,.,.. ( 3.1ι), :.,.,,. -.,,.. 3.18.,,.,.

84 3.1ι ( ) ( ) ( ) DEFηRε-3D, -.. 3,. 12,. (, ) CAD-.,. :,,,. 3.18., :

85,. 3.19, 120-135,. 3.18 3 3.19 3 3.20. :,

86.,,,... 3.21, 200 300. 3.20 12 3.21 12

87.,. 3.1,, 3 12,, 250.,. 3.1, 3.2. 3.2,, 1 3,53 3,51 3,50 3,49 3,49 3,50 3,53 3,51 3,52-2 3,55 3,53 3,51 3,52 3,50 3,51 3,53 3,52 3,53-3 3,58 3,57 3,55 3,56 3,55 3,56 3,58 3,57 3,59 3,60 4 3,85 3,81 3,78 3,76 3,75 3,77 3,78 3,82 3,83 3,86, ( 3.3),, 3.1. 3.3 V1 0,19 0,01 V2 0,10 0,23 V 0,09-0,22 1 2,25 3,52 2 2,74 3,67 0,49 0,15

88 V1 0,19 0,01,, 19. V2 0,10 0,23,. 1 2 2,25 3,52 2,ι4 3,θι,..,..,,,. 3.5. 1.,,,.,.,.,,.,,.

89. 2.,,. 3..,., ( 1).

90 4. 4.1.,,.. : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4). PAM-STAεP 2G QFORM 7. 3D. - PAε-STAMP QFORM,,,. PAε-STAMP - DeltaMesh QFORM - QShape...

91.,. ; :,,. -... 4.1.1. QFORM 4.1. 130,50 100,00,, 128,25 9ι,ι5,,. 3D.,. 4.2. *.dxf *.igs, *.stp. QFORM ι QShape. :,, ( ) 45 90 ( 4.3).

92 4.1 : ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) 4.2

93 4.3 QShape. :, : 2D ( 4.4). ( 4.5)...., 1.1,, 2.3, QFORM ( 4.θ). :,,,,,,,,,.

94-1400. ( 4.7). 4.4 QFORM 4.5

95 4.6, QFORM 4.7. ( ) 400. ( 4.8). :. : 5.

96 ι00. ( 4.9). 4.8 4.9 :, ι8,ι3.

97, :, : 40, 0,15 10 / 2 ( 4.10). 4.10,, : 0,2 ; 2 0,2 ( 4.11)...,.

98 4.11 4.1.2. PAM-STAMP, CAD-. : Meshing 2, 5 ( 4.12).

99 4.12 PAM-STAMP.,,, : 1 4 ( 4.13). 4.13

100 PAM-STAMP ( 4.14):, 1150 ( QFORM). 4.14, PAM-STAMP,.. Surface Tool,, 0,8 ( ) PAM-STAMP ( 4.15).

101 Volume Blank ( 4.15).. Rigid Body. Cartesian Kinematics ;, ( 4.1θ). Contact,, : 0,2, Automatic ( 4.17). 4.15

102 4.16 : 1 4.17

103 ( 4.18), : 80 ( ). :,. DMP θ ( 4.19). 4.18 :

104 4.19 4.2. - 4.2.1.,..,.. 4.20., ι21. -,.

105 4.20, 4.21.,.. 5θ-5ι% ( 4.22),,,.

106 4.21 4.22,

107 4.23, : 229,10, 400,00. 4.23,,,, ;,.,.

108 4.2.2. 4.24.,. 1 3 4 5 6 4.24, :

109 1 3 5 4.25, ( 4.25)., : 40% ( 4.26).

110 2 4 4.26 4.2.3.. 4.27. 4.27

111 :, ( )., ( 4.28). 4.28, 4.29, ( 4.30)

112.,. 4.29, PAM-STAMP ( ) QFORM ( ) 4.30 ( ) ( )

113, 1ι-18% - 4.31. 4.31 -, 100 ( 4.32). 4.32,,,,

114 4.2.4. 100, 4.2.3., ( 4.33),,. 4.33 4.34..

115 1 2 4.34, : 4.35.,. ( 4.3θ, ). 4.35, PAM-STAMP ( ) QFORM ( )

116 4.36 ( ) ( ) 10%., 15%. 4.3. 1. ( ), PAM-STAMP, QFORM. : ; ( 20%) ; 2.,,.

117 3.,, ; 4.,,., ( 2).

118, : 1.. ; 81-15-3,5-0,5, -10-10,. 2. 99,9 800 1400 0,2 20-1, (, ),.. 3.,,,,.,,, -.

119,., ( 1). 4. -.,,, ( 2). : 1.,. 2.,,.

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121 13. 1340076. Internal Oxidation of Work-hardened Platinum and Gold and Alloys thereof, 1973. 14. 1280815. Dispersion Strengthening of Metals,1972. 15. 3θ9θ502, 29/52ιι. Method of making a dispersion strengthened metal.. 14.07.69;. 10.10.72. 16. Reinacher, G. Dispersion Strengthening of Platinum by Internal Oxidation / G. Reinacher // International Journal of Materials Research. 1971. V.62, N11. P. 835-839; 17. Teichmann, K. High Temperature Strengthening Mechanisms in the Alloy Platinum - 5% Rhodium DPH / K. Teichmann, C.H. Liebscher, R. VöХФХ // Platinum Metals Review. 2011. V.55, N4. P. 217-224. 18. Fischer, B. Practical Experience with New Oxide Dispersion Hardened Platinum Materials / B. Fischer, D. Freund, R. VöХФХ // 25th International Precious Metals Conference. Tucson, Arizona, USA. 2001. 19. Physical Properties of Pt Materials КЧН PЭ DPH εкэоыткхь Д Ж.. : http://heraeusptcomponents.com/media/webmedia_local/medien/downloads/dph/facts_physikalis che-eigenschaften_en_10-2011.pdf,..... ( : 21.01.2015); 20. εомскчтмкх PЫШЩОЫЭТОЬ ШП PЭ εкэоыткхь КЧН PЭ DPH εкэоыткхь Д Ж.. : http://heraeusptcomponents.com/media/webmedia_local/medien/downloads/dph/facts_mechanisc he-eigenschaften_en_10-2011.pdf,..... ( : 21.01.2015); 21. Fischer, B. High Temperature Tensile Properties of Platinum Materials / B. Fischer, D. Lupton, R. VöХФХ // 27th International Precious Metals Conference. Puerto Rico. 2003. 22. 20ιιι83, C22C1/04, C22F1/14. -.. 27.12.94;. 20.04.97.

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