` 46 s ` 3 1 Vol.46 No.3 2010 ' 3 ` 288 293 ` ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA Mar. 2010 pp.288 293 ` ntzq ^ LNpΨkß Fe Mn Si Cr Ni ffbfi f II. μ3hf=dj=pxt3 " ffi $χfl %'χ & ψ! # ( =HO+μwOΠΠ3Offl, /b 610065) ff!w OM ffffl}ff&fldyoffl8π Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4NiχbYfffiD$ ν4ψdyy >3iχbG >Ek>qYu4.»»ffi,» 773 1173 K "Mν4; $eaffφ~χbyg>ek>q. k 973 K ν4 30 min #, χbyy/w GflFSffl 6.4%, ffltφ 4 @Y, Fe 14Mn 5Si 8Cr-4Ni χb~ 1.2%. M8Πχb»]Λ 1173 K ν 4 30 min #, δ ffl}ffdflfl>, GZ$]qΠ n ε οjfff;ω*yrag0, χbq}ωοyg>ek>q; Mν4ψ d~λ 1273 K Z, δ ffl}ffuφgsξjff., ff<uuqp. Mν4ψdeaffW~S 1423 K Z, δ ffl}ffyff<uu,4 ρj, GΠ fl>[ flo>. fl> δ ffl}ffff<uuyqpffo> δ ffl}ffyg0q) δ ffl}ffο$}>u ΞjffiΛ, χ byg>ek>q,4)w. XdM Fe Mn Si Cr Ni G>Ekχb, fitφ, 8ν, ν4ψd, ±fl> δ ffl}ff ο}tviz TG139.6 ΞJsm A μiz 0412 1961(2010)03 0288 06 A TRAINING FREE CAST Fe Mn Si Cr Ni SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY BASED ON FORMATION OF MARTENSITE IN A DOMAIN MANNER II. Influence of annealing on shape memory effect LIU Gang, PENG Huabei, WEN Yuhua, YANG Kun, LI Ning College of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 Correspondent: WEN Yuhua, professor, Tel: (028)66871966, E-mail: wenyh mse@126.com Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50501015 and 50871072) and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No.NCET 06 0793) Manuscript received 2009 09 24, in revised form 2009 12 18 ABSTRACT The microstructure and memory property evolutions of as cast Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni alloy with annealing temperature were investigated using OM, ferrite measuring instrument and bending method. The results showed that when the as cast Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni alloy was annealed between 773 and 1173 K, its shape memory effect (SME) was further improved. A high recovery strain of 6.4% was obtained only through annealing the as cast alloy at 973 K for 30 min, which is 1.2% higher than that of the conventional Fe 14Mn 5Si 8Cr 4Ni alloy after four times thermo mechanical training. When the as cast Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni alloy was annealed below 1173 K for 30 min, the morphology of δ ferrite phase was still lathy and it could make the stress induced ε martensite form in a domain manner during deformation, which is the reason why the good SME was obtained in the as cast alloy annealed below 1173 K for 30 min. When the annealing temperature was above 1273 K, the δ ferrite phase would dissolve in the austenite and its amount decreased. When the annealing temperature was further increased to 1423 K, the amount of δ ferrite phase * IB?xP9b6ψ 50501015 ff 50871072 f>aehylbχ!6a'6ψ NCET 06 0793 A6 os8 F2 : 2009 09 24, osky F2 : 2009 12 18 GflO_ : }, ", 1986 (, xdu DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1037.2009.00644
` 3 1 [ : 8 νiω:ψ)e/wffs 7μ Fe Mn Si Cr Ni E<Ciffia II. 2gE<Ci<oWs2289 remarkably increased and its morphology evolved into the island from the lath. The austenite grains could not be well subdivided into smaller domains due to the decrease of lathy δ ferrite phase or the formation of island δ ferrite phase. The SME of this as cast alloy dramatically decreased when annealed above 1273 K. KEY WORDS Fe Mn Si Cr Ni shape memory alloy, training free, cast, annealing temperature, lathy δ ferrite g)~, ffξ9ο1d Fe Mn Si :H?FlψcZ Zp #ßt~ΩU [1 3].Kubo [1] "x C9οZ sp,fi Fe 28Mn 6Si 5Cr 0.5Ni(-ffivv, %,* ) ψcffi, νzp l 1423 K ΨH< $ffifl2fin 9s9ZH?Fl?r, o.l!ψh< $ψczz 0x Hffi%GT 2.4%. Li [2] fi Zhao [3] "x - ND9οZsp,fi Fe 14Mn 6Si 9Cr 5Ni fi Fe 14Mn 6Si 9Cr 5Ni 0.25C ψc, l 1473 K ΨH< $Zz0x Hffi%GT 2.85%. @moszpc: Ξψc/(~K1ZΠkfiψr~ffßH?Fl?rZ > fl* [1 3], Ξgψctlμ!ΨHZΠkfi+<.!5, ffξο5!ej9οh?flψcfifle%fi H?Fl?rZv5-χSΩU. 5# [4] /, RB 9ο Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni H?Flψc, 6V ffi? δ ~fivρ Πkfi :fioz9±e%,. r± o ε ßkfig<ff+ ZsbH1, RQ7 fl ßkfi#NZY(/;. m?, χlcfl< Z8 *,fi z0x HffiGT 4.9% Z9± Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψc. @m, 9± Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψcze%g t0"+ψ ffit*h1z, A< $9±E%Z Vv5ßkfi :, fmv5ψch?fl?rz+v. ffi#fbfiz p ß ο5!ej9±ψch?fl?rzv5. 1 rωus VΛfi5# [4] sp,fiz9± Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Niψc06 1 150 mm 2 mm 1.5 mm Z zffi, @$ ß!e*ο5 30 min $wc. VΨH< Z- Fe 14Mn 5Si 8Cr 4Ni ψczzffia;@u Ψ 4 A (m! 5% }T H, 923 K A< 15 min $ wczqxμ4) Hffij n^. H?Fl?rZ'nspS#/ [5]. "x OLYM- PUS CK40M DfflQ-fim (OM) fl)n^fifle%, $Mc1Z,fispS#/ [6]. ψc/ ~fizfi=v v"x FERITSCOPE MP30E S FISCHY D ~fi' ffie'ffi, n^7effi 30 mm 30 mm 5 mm. ψcz Πkfi γ ε ßkfi: u`!e M s "xc* fac p'ffi. 2 rωey 2.1 _ PQρ»]gcfl±ffiOfflΠ» 1 ffiρ= Hffiffi 3.6% [, 9±?ß!eο5 30 min $ Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψczh?0x μ. zs, ψczh?0xμ+ @ο5!ex mx, 973 K [GTFI' 94%, 9± : 11%. @ ο5!ezfbfix, ψczh?0xμ.ρ*x. N ο5!e Ξ 1173 K [, ψczh?0xμv *X, 1423 K [dffi 22%.» 2 ffi9±fi 973 K ο5 30 min Z Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψcg?a;r,uψ 4 AZ Fe 14Mn 5Si 8Cr 4Ni ψcz9` Hffi z0x Hffi ~ 1 ν4ψdi8π Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni χbg> /w Yu4 Fig.1 Effect of annealing temperature on the shape recovery ratio of as cast Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni alloy after 3.6% bending deformation ~ 2 8Πff 973 K ν4 30 min Y Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni χbf>tφ 4 @Y Fe 14Mn 5Si 8Cr 4Ni χb Y8_ Gfl±y/w GflYΩ' Fig.2 Relationships between recovery strain and initial strain of the Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni alloy as cast and annealed as well as Fe 14Mn 5Si 8Cr 4Ni alloy trained by 4 times
290 ` p N Φ ` 46 s Zff(. zs, l 973 K ο5 30 min $, Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψczz0x Hffi @9` HffiZ ffkm+ffk$x^, 9` Hffiffi 12.4% [GTFI ' 6.4%. 9±1, l 973 K ο5 30 min Zψcz 0x Hffi-5Ψ, 4FIz0x Hffi UΨ 4 AZ Fe 14Mn 5Si 8Cr 4Ni ψcψ 1.2%. 2.2 _ PQρ»]gΛ fiνofflπ» 3 ffi9±?ß!eο5 30 min $ Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψcz$m OM 8. zs, 9±1, ψclμ 973 K ο5< $, δ ~fi1#fl&: Ξk Z σ 1; ν7 ~fi1#flz σ 1Zνffi @ο5!e ZX mffk, ο5!effi 1073 K [ ~fi1#&: Fig.3 ~ 3 8Π>ο ψdν4# Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni χby#l OM 7 Color OM images of Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni alloy as cast (a) and annealed at 973 K (b), 1073 K (c), 1173 K (d), 1273 K (e) and 1423 K (f) for 30 min
` 3 1 [ : 8 νiω:ψ)e/wffs 7μ Fe Mn Si Cr Ni E<Ciffia II. 2gE<Ci<oWs2291 Z σ 1Fk; Nο5!effi 1173 K [, flv σ 1 :Y; Nο5!eΨ T 1273 K [, ΞkZ σ 1: Y, [flv ~fih^tπkfi/; Nο5!eΨ T 1423 K [, σ 1:Yν7 ~fi1zh± ffi?: ffi P?. 2.3 _ PQρ»]g w awv[ M s O fflπ» 4 ffi9±?ß!eο5 30 min $ Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψcz ~fifi=vvfi M s. zs, 9±1, ψc/ δ ~fifi=vv @ο5!ezx mrq, &Tο5!effi 1173 K [ ~fizfi=vv~ ~ 4 ν4ψdi Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni χbyffl}ff ff<uuff M s Yu4 Fig.4 Effects of annealing temperature on volume fraction of the ferrite and M s of the Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni alloy ΞX ; LgGMΨ ο5!et 1273 K [, ~fiz fi=vv*x; #$ @ο5!ezx ψcz ~fifi =vv2ox9f, ο5!effi 1423 K [ ~fizfi =vv-5ffk. 9±1, ψclμ 873 K ο5< $ M s Ψ 11 K; @ο5!ezx ψcz M s G MX, ο5!effi 1073 K [GTFI' 286 K; ο 5!eΨ T 1173 K [, M s *XT 282 K. $ M s ß ο5!ezx mz. 2.4 _ PQρ»]gffij Rou ΦxOfflΠ» 5 ffi9±?ο5± Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψcm!}t 6% $Z$M OM 8. zs, Nο5!e ß Ξ 1173 K [, fl δ ~fiv 1ZK ;<ff# dd Ks97gKs9ffi3Zr± o ε ßkfi; Nο 5!effi 1273 fi 1423 K [, ß s9zr± o ε ß kfiov X1ZY(fi/;. 973 K < Zψc H 6% $6VZr± o ε ßkfiFk, ml 1423 K < ZFQ.» 6 ffim! H 15% $l 973 K ο5 30 min Z Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψcg? $l 723 K ο5 Z$M OM 8. zs, ψclμ 15% H$6V Iffi Zr± o ε ßkfi, 7D 2 Λs9Zßkfi, Lgb 0s9ffi3. 2Λs9ZßkfioV Y(/;, Y( /;<+V!MvΞ?Z α ßkfi, I» 6a Ξc. l μ 723 K KA1x$, Πkfi:fiO% χ&: Z α ßkfi. Fig.5 ~ 5 8Π>ν4Π Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni χblψ S 6% #Y#L OM 7 Color OM images of Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni alloys as cast (a) and annealed at 973 K (b), 1073 K (c), 1173 K (d), 1273 K (e) and 1423 K (f) for 30 min after 6% tensile deformation at room temperature
292 ` p N Φ ` 46 s ~ 6 lψ S 15% #k 973 K ν4 30 min Y Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni χb> #k 723 K ν4#y#l OM 7 Fig.6 In situ color OM images of Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni alloys annealed at 973 K for 30 min after 15% tensile deformation at room temperature (a) and then recovery annealed at 723 K (b) 3 yl Ξ9±E%g t0"+ψffit*h1z, <Ξ W$±, 9± Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψc ^Ξ 1073 K ο5 30 min $, δ ~fi#fl&:z σ 1 ο5!ezx mffk, R* ~fifi=vv ο5!e ZX mrq (» 4). Nο5!eX T 1173 K [, fl v σ 1H^T ~fi/, R* ~fizfi=vvx. @ m, 1273 K < [K1Πkfiffi0"1 [7], ~fi9 Πkfi/H^, ο1 ~fizfi=vv bax^. N ο5!egt 1423 K [, ψc< Πkfifi ~fia± Q0"Zfi1< [7], H^TΠkfi/Z ~fi 1B Π kfi#hρ.i, R*4H± ffi?: ffi P?, m7 ~fizfi=vv-5x. l 1423 K ο5 30 min Z Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψcz M s l 973 K ο5< ZΞ[gm! H!e (293 K), Lg5ffiZH?1xμ-5^Ξ$ffi (» 1). m?, M s Z*μß%^h 2 0ο5!e* Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψch?1xμz*μ. Fe Mn Si: ψczh?fl?rffiξr± oπkfi γ ε ßkfi:?4&: [8 11]. m?, ffi 6VzffZH?Fl? r, ψcz Hrhffi r± o ε ßkfi: 5J, fl J&cZoV. mßkfi#nzy(/;vc r± o ε ßkfi:, R*r± o ε ßkfiffiZRQ. [, ffi ^ HGMfI, Vßz fl_nj J&c. Ξ g, 1 Hffi*, r± o ε ßkfiffi Q cψcz H ΞkZ J&cΞ5J. m?, r± o ε ßkfi kßψczh?fl?r ß. 9± Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψc ^Ξ 1173 K ο5 30 min $, δ ~ fieffiffi?, %jπkfi:fifi<ff+v, H[E %^r± o ε ßkfig<ff+ZsbH1 (» 5), RQ 7 flßkfizy(/;, m?6v ZkZr± o ε ßkfi. @m, Nο5!eΨ T 1273 K [, flv ~ fih^tπkfi/, H[ß s9fiß <ffzr± o ε ßkfioV Y(fi/;, R*r± o ε ßkfiffi ZRQ. Nο5!effi 1423 K [, ~fizh±ffip?, r± o ε ßkfiY(/;X1R*4ffiFQ. m?, l 973 K ο5 30 min Z Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψc ZH?1xμF, ml 1423 K ο5 30 min ZF^ (» 1). go] χ, ffi? δ ~fijπkfi:fiz<ff( v zg-5ψ Fe Mn Si :ψczh?fl?r, m P? ~fißß%. χz%g ΞP? ~fiß%vπk fiv 1K ;<ff, %p.r± o ε ßkfiZ<ff +H1, RQ7 flßkfizy(/;. 15% ZI Hffi*, 973 K ο5 30 min Z Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψc6v IffiZr± o ε ß kfi. ffi? δ ~fiz thx*, r± o ε ßkfi EgKs9ffi3 (» 6). m?, l 973 K ο5 30 min Z ψcfiz0x HffiGT 6.4%, UΨ 4 AZ Fe 14Mn 5Si 8Cr 4Ni ψc : 1.2% (» 2). @m, 15% I?IZ Hffi*ψcßz fl_+v 2 Λs9 Zr± o ε ßkfi, 2Λs9ZßkfioV Y(/ ;, Y(/;<+V Iffi α ßkfi. χ_^h l 973 K ο5 30 min Zψc 9` HffiIΞ 12.4% $ z0x Hffi*XZfim. go] fbfi]ψ ßkfi ZY(/;g?R*Z α ßkfigX^ Fe Mn Si :ψ ch?fl?rzfim, m<ff+h1r± o ε ßkfi %RQ7 flßkfizy(/; [12 16]. ffi# fluψz8 *, "x9ο1d$ο5< Z sp,fi z0x HffiGT 6.4% Z Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψc. χffiuofluψ z0x HffiZ Fe Mn Si :ψcψ b0>bzzpy»fi,fi@ r. [, 9ο1D$ο5< Z±hPK, jbf Fe Mn Si :H?FlψcZrxr~1IZ±4L'. 4 el (1) 773 1173 K #Nο5< %fbfiψ 9 ο Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψczh?fl?r, μgl 973 K ο5 30 min $ψczh?fl?rψ F-5, 4z0x HffiGT 6.4%, UΨ 4 AZ
` 3 1 [ : 8 νiω:ψ)e/wffs 7μ Fe Mn Si Cr Ni E<Ciffia II. 2gE<Ci<oWs2293 Fe 14Mn 5Si-8Cr 4Ni ψcψ 1.2%. 1273 1423 K #Nο5 30 min $, Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψczh?fl?rl+, ν ο5!ezx m- 5*X. (2) 9± Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψc ^Ξ 1173 K ο5 30 min $, δ ~Effiffi?, ^ H[r ± o ε ßkfig<ff+ZsbH1, m?r~ffßzh?fl?r; Nο5!e Ξ 1273 K, δ ~fi9πkfi /H^, fi=vvrq. Nο5!efbfiX T 1423 K [, δ ~fizfi=vv-5ffk, H± ffi? ffip?. ffi? δ ~fifi=vvzrqfip? δ ~fizh 1R* δ ~fiß%~?v ΠkfijΞ, ψczh?f l?r-5*x. (3) fluψz8 *, "x9ο1d$ο5< Z sp,fi z0x HffiGT 6.4% Z Fe 18Mn 5.5Si 9.5Cr 4Ni ψc. χffiuofluψ z0x HffiZ Fe Mn Si :ψcψ b0>bzzpy»fi,fi@ r. [, 9ο1D$ο5< Z±hPK, jbf Fe Mn Si :H?FlψcZrxr~1IZ±4L'. Kh Ξ [1] Kubo H, Ostuka H, Farjami S, Maruyama T. Scr Mater, 2006; 55: 1059 [2] Li J C, Zhao M, Jiang Q. J Mater Eng Perform, 2002; 11: 313 [3] Zhao M, Li J C, Jiang Q. Mat wissu Werkstofftech, 2003; 34: 756 [4] PengHB,LiuG,WenYH,SunPP,LiN.Acta Metall Sin, 2009; 46: 282 (.%ff, }, "Φ%, Λ--,,. bqpψ, 2009; 46: 282) [5] Stanford N, Dunne D P. JMaterSci, 2006; 41: 4883 [6] Bergeon N, Guenin G, Esnouf C. Mater Sci Eng, 1998; A242: 77 [7] Lippold J C, Kotecki D J. Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steel. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2005: 13 [8] Sato A, Chishima E, Soma K, Mori T. Acta Metall Mater, 1982; 30: 1177 [9] Sato A, Chishima E, Soma K, Mori T. Acta Metall Mater, 1984; 32: 539 [10] Sato A, Yamaji Y, Mori T. Acta Metall Mater, 1986; 34: 287 [11] Kajiwara S. Mater Sci Eng, 1999; A273 275: 67 [12] Inagaki H. ZMetall, 1992; 83: 90 [13] Inagaki H. ZMetall, 1992; 83: 97 [14] Inagaki H. ZMetall, 1992; 83: 304 [15] Wen Y H, Zhang W, Li N, Peng H B, Xiong L R. Acta Mater, 2007; 55: 6526 [16] Wen Y H, Xiong L R, Li N, Zhang W. Mater Sci Eng, 2008; A474: 60