SO 2 NO x CO [10 14]. China Environmental Science

204,34() 30~39 China Environmental Science, *,,2,, (., 20044 2., 3400), 202 9~3. : PM.0 5.5µg/(m 3 h) ;.625km/h.,. PM 2. PM. K + SO 4 NO 3 Cl Mg 2+ 6%~38%,. 0.2~2.0µm,,. X3. A 000 6923(204)0 0030 0 The mass concentration and chemical compositions of the atmospheric aerosol during the Spring Festival in Nanjing. WANG Hong-lei, ZHU Bin *, SHEN Li-juan, 2, ZHANG Ze-feng, LIU Xiao-hui (.Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation, China Meterological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 20044, China 2.Jiaxing Environmental Monitoring Station, Jiaxing 3400, China). China Environmental Science, 204,34() 30~39 Abstract In China, the most intensive burning of firework event occurs in the New Year Festivities, which release the high concentrations of particles, and cause acute short term air pollution. Concentrations and chemical components of PM 0 were measured and analyzed in Nanjing, during the Spring Festival on January 9~3, 202, for assessing the impacts of fireworks on ambient air quality. The PM.0 concentration increased at the rate of 5.5µg/(m 3 h) and the visibility was reduced at the rate of.625km/h during the study period. The results of the mass spectra and water-soluble ions spectrum can be described as trimodal distributions during the burning periods and bimodal distributions during non-burning periods. The ions of K +, SO 4, NO 3, Cl and Mg 2+ in PM 2. and PM. increased by the range of 6%~38% during the burning periods. For aerosol in the range of 0.2~2.0µm, nitrate, zinc, copper and part of K-including particles were mainly originated from firework burning, however, sulfate particles were hardly originated by this process, Pb-including particles were from industry emission. Key words the Spring Festival aerosol fireworks mass concentration water-soluble ions heavy metal,, [ 9].. SO 2 NO x CO [0 4]. PM 0 PM 2.5 4 6, [5 6]., 203 05 20 (427543,400507) (GYHY202060) (2KJA70003); 333 ; ; (KDW03,KDW02); (PAPD) *,, binzhu@nuist.edu.cn

3,,., [,7 9], [3,5 6] [0,20] [4,2] [22] [23].,, [24], [25 26],. 202 β Andersen II 9 IC. (32.207 N,8.77 E)2, 500m,. 900m, 00m.,,. 2, 62m, 202 2~28, 9:00 8:30.β 2, 67m, 202 9~3. 2, 62m, 202 20~3. 2 5, 72h..2 Andersen II 9 :9.0~0.0µm,5.8~9.0µm, 4.7~5.8µm,3.3~4.7µm,2.~3.3µm,.~2.µm,0.65 ~.µm,0.43~0.65µm,0.0~0.43µm.andersen g/cm 3, 28.3L/min. Mettler Toledo MX5. 4.PM.0 FH62C4 β, C 4,, 0.5h,, EPA (Environmental Protection Agency, http://www. epa.gov/ttn/amtic/criteria.html). / 50mL PET 20mL h h 24h 0.45μm 5mL 850professional IC, NH + 4 Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Na + K + Cl NO 3 SO 4 F NO 2 0.850professional IC, 858 MagIC Net ( ); :Metrosep C 4 50/4.0 ; :3.2mmol/L Na 2 CO 3 +.0mmol/L NaHCO 3 ( ),.7mmol/L +0.7mmol/L ( ); :30 ; :.0mL/min; :20μL. 8.2M

32 34 (SPAMS05 ). 200nm~2.0µm, 30min. SPAMS, 532nm (266nm). [27]. 2 2. PM. β PM.0,, 0.957,,. 2 ( ) BIRAL VPF 730, min. 2a,22 4:00 PM.0, 4:00 8µg/m 3 20:00 µg/m 3. PM.0,4:00 4.64km, 20:00 4.89km. 2b,PM.0, 0.59;22 4:00~20:00 PM.0 0.959, 22~28 0.567., PM.0, 5.5µg/(m 3 h),,.625km/h. 20 0 00 90 PM PM. y =5.274+0.82X, R=0.957 N=7, SD=7.296, P=7.0-4 80 70 60 50 40 30 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 0 20 Andersen PM. β PM.0 Fig. The concentration correlation between Anderson impactor and β ray instrument measuring dust 250 200 a PM.0 8 5 8 6 4 b Y= 05.075-4.04098X-0592X2 R= -0.59,SD=28.08,N=322,P<0.000 PM.0(g/m 3 ) 50 00 2 9 6 (km) (km) 2 0 8 6 50 0 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0-28 0:00 3 0 4 2 0 0 50 00 50 200 250 PM.0(g/m 3 ) 2 PM.0 Fig.2 The correlation between the PM.0 mass concentration and visibility and their time series 2 0:00~22 02:00,,,

33. 3a, PM 2.~0, 50%,PM. 30%., 2 >.µm.22,pm., 22,PM. 2 25.69µg/m 3, 2.7.22 PM. 8.4%, 2 25.2%.23,PM. 60%~70%,. PM., >.µm. 0 40 80 20 60 200 0 30 60 80 00 ( g/m 3 ) PM. PM.~2. PM 2.~0 0 20 40 60 80 00 0 20 40 60 80 00 (%) 3 PM. PM.~2. PM 2.~0 Fig.3 The distributions and percentages of mass concentration and ions concentrations in PM., PM. 2., PM 2. 0 0 40 80 20 60 200 0 20 40 60 80 00 0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80 00 ( g/m 3 ) (%) 4 Fig.4 The distributions and percentages of mass concentration and ions concentrations in different sizes <0.43 m 0.43~0.65 m 0.65~. m.~2. m 2.~3.3 m 3.3~4.7 m 4.7~5.8 m 9.0~0.0 m 4a,22 0.43µm,PM 0.43 46.99µg/m 3 ; 23 PM 0.43 30.7µg/m 3, PM 0.43~0.65 2.55µg/m 3 22 2.96

34 34.24 PM 0.65~. 37.97µg/m 3, 23 2.63.24.22~24,,,,. 4b,, PM 0.43 22, PM 0.43~0.65 PM 0.65~. 23 24,24.,2~23 PM 0, 64.66,76.8,97.36µg/m 3 ; PM 0, 40µg/m 3. 2~23,22 03:00,,.24.22 PM 2. /PM 0 PM. /PM 0 PM. /PM 2. 87.66% 8.4% 92.87%, 72.49% 62.7% 8.56%..µm, 2.µm. 202 2~27 Table The mass concentration and ions concentrations on Jan 2~27, 202 0 2 0 22 0 23 0 24 0 25 0 26 0 27 PM 0 23.35 64.66 76.8 97.36 59.76 33.70 95.7 40.59 (µg/m 3 ) PM 2. 6.04 42.48 66.79 73.80 3.07 02.6 47.73 2.4 PM. 37.40 36.34 62.03 66.66 03.25 80.07 2.40 97.86 PM 2. /PM 0 49.49 65.70 87.66 75.80 82.04 76.76 75.48 86.36 (%) PM. /PM 0 30.32 56.20 8.4 68.47 64.63 59.89 57.43 69.6 PM. /PM 2. 6.27 85.55 92.87 90.3 78.78 78.0 76.08 80.60 (µg/m 3 ) PM.0 40.23 72.77 7.8 0.4 8.3 0.88 88.00 Relative Error (%) 0.7 7.3 6.77 6.94.3 9.36 0.08 PM 0 42.20 8.53 29.74 47.83 73.88 63.6 68.07 87.26 (µg/m 3 ) PM 2. 30.28 2.90 26.50 25.39 53.5 52.90 55.93 60.06 PM. 9.45.9 25.26 22.6 42.23 42.29 42.97 50.34 PM 2. /PM 0 7.75 69.58 89. 53.09 72.43 83.5 82.8 68.83 (%) PM. /PM 0 46.09 60.35 84.93 47.27 57.6 66.47 63.3 57.69 PM. /PM 2. 64.23 86.74 95.30 89.05 78.9 79.95 76.8 83.8 PM 0 28.67 39.03 49. 46.25 47.59 34.78 62.07 / (%) PM 2. 30.36 39.68 34.40 40.83 5.55 37.86 49.47 PM. 30.78 40.7 33.9 40.90 52.8 38.23 5.44 β PM.0, 0%, β,. 2.2,.22 PM 0 29.74µg/m 3 ;PM 2. 26.50µg/m 3, 89.2%, PM 2. 70%.22 PM. 25.26µg/m 3, PM 0 84.93%, PM 2. 95.30%; PM. PM 0 60%, PM 2. 80%. PM. 20%, PM 2. 5%.,.,22 39.03%,

35 50%. 22 PM 2. PM. 39.68% 40.72%,. 3b,, PM.,PM.~2. PM 2.~0.22 PM.,PM.~2.. 3,22 PM., 25.26µg/m 3, PM..23 PM 2.~0 46.9%, 23,SO 2 CO NO 2,.24,.,,. 2 SO 4 /NO 3 Table 2 SO 4 /NO 3 ratio comparison of the firework and non firework events (µm) 0~0.43 0.43~0.65 0.65~..~2. 2.~3.3 3.3~4.7 4.7~5.8 5.8~9.0 9.0~0.0 22 2.43 2.5 2.7.74 2.05 4.5 3.63 5.6 6.54 23~27.83.4.48.90 2.36.90 2.7.80 4.06.05.06.03.8..39.79 2.58 2. SO 4 /NO 3, SO x NO x :3 :8, SO x NO x 2: [20] ; 2 SO 4 /NO 3, 22 SO 4 /NO 3.~2.µm 2, 3.3µm SO 4 /NO 3 4, >3.3µm, <3.3µm. SO 4 /NO 3.4~2.0, SO 4 /NO 3.0,. 5,22 K +, PM., PM. 23.65%. 22 PM. PM 2.~0 NO 3,SO 4 ; PM.~2. NO 3,SO 4, 4,22 <0.43µm, >0.43µm. 23 >3.3µm, <0.43µm, >3.3µm, 0.43~3.3µm. Cl Mg 2+., 22,,. 2,, 2. K + PM 0 PM 2. PM.0 6.4,6.03,5.87µg/m 3, 59.5% 69.86% 0.03%.22 K + PM 0 2.33 ;23 44% 3.59µg/m 3,, 22,., K +,, d,.

36 34 PM. 0 0 20 30 50 PM.~2. 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 PM 2.~0 0 5 0 5 20 25 30 ( g/m 3 ) 0 20 40 60 80 00 20a 0 20 40 60 80 00 0 20 40 60 80 00 (%) 5 PM. PM.~2. PM 2.~0 Fig.5 The distributions and percentages of major ions concentrations in PM., PM.~2. and PM 2.~0 Na + NH 4 + K + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ C - NO 2 - F NO 3 - SO 4 2- PM 0 SO 4 NO 3 9.26µg/m 3 3.74µg/m 3, 20.67µg/m 3 2.35µg/m 3. SO 4 NO 3 SO 2 NO x. CO SO 2 SO 3 NO x,.,,. SO 2 NO x H 2 SO 4 HNO 3,. SO 4 NO 3 PM 2. /PM 0 6.58% 3.57%, PM. /PM 0 28.46% 22.8%.. Cl SO 4 NO 3,PM 0 4.04µg m 3, 0.64. Cl PM 2. /PM 0 PM. /PM 0 7.97% 25.64%.Cl,. Cl,,. Mg 2+ PM 2. /PM 0 PM. /PM 0 30.88% 37.7%. Mg 2+.,. 2.3 6, 2~22, 0.6µm 0µm ;2~22, 0.6,2.0,5.0µm, 2.0µm. 2~22,

37, 0.6,5,0µm., 0.6~µm 0µm ;NH + 4 K + ;Na + Ca 2+, 2~3µm., 22 K + Mg 2+ Cl SO 4 0.5µm. [ g/(m 3 m)] [ g/(m 3 m)] [ g/(m 3 m)] 00 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Na + 0 0.0 K + 0.0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 0 Ca 2+ NO3-0.0 0.0 0.0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 NH4 + 0 Mg 2+ SO4 2-0.0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ( m) 0.0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ( m) 0.0 E-3 Cl - 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ( m) 6 202 2~28 Fig.6 Spectrum distributions of mass concentration and major ions concentrations on Jan 2~28, 202and winter 20 09:00~ 08:30 09:00~ 08:30 09:00~ 08:30 09:00~ 08:30 09:00~ 08:30 09:00~ 08:30 09:00~0-28 08:30 2 2.4 5774860, 354545, 23.46%., 225397, 2.22%. 7, 2~22, 373 447840 69 548 42, 562359 3053 23 27, 466 934 2974 83 49 5,,,,. ( 22 9:00~23 4:00), 445 3769 6257 58 03 22, ;, ;,,. 7b,,,,. 7a, 22 ~30, ;,,.

38 34 0 4 4 a NO 3 - K SO 4 2- ( ) 2 0 3 4 2 0-20 0-28 0-29 0-30 ( ) 000 4 2 00 4 2 0 b Pb Zn Cu 0-20 0-28 0-29 0-30 7 202 20 ~30 Fig.7 Time variations of inorganic salts and heavy metal number concentration on January 20~30, 202 3 Table 3 The correlation coefficients between different inorganic salts and heavy metal number concentration during the firework burning events in Spring Festival SO 4 SO 4 K + NO 3 Cu Zn Pb 0.40 0.53 0.42 0.90 3 K + 0.79 0.89 0.66 0.50 NO 3 0.87 0.80 0.33 Cu 0.77 0.74 Zn 0.83 Pb 3,,,.,,.,,.,, 2.2. 3 3. PM.0, 5.5µg/(m 3 h);,.625km/h.pm.0, 0.59. 3.2. K +, K + PM 0 PM 2. PM.0 59.5% 69.86% 0.03%. PM 2. PM. K + SO 4 NO 3 Cl Mg 2+ PM 0 6%~38%.. 3.3, 0.6,2.0,5.0µm., 0.6µm 0µm., 0.6,5,0µm., 0.6~µm 0µm. 3.4 0.2~2.0µm,

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