2 1 ( ') & '1391 "#! - / 1!.+! +,- -! 46 33 $89 54 3 ",. 56. 51392! / (! "#$!) 3 2* 1 + )12 ' + ' +, -. 92/12/7 :34 ;< 92/4/5 :34 56 " &' GB ( A. +( + )4"# CD! 2 E >?@ A B ( HG&SG G4P.HG +RM(3 H! IE HJK (H, 'LM >NHOM H 4P Q (VG. H& E S#K!K +( +-! 2 5 "-N "6 -H! U? A H " H& 5#T 'S G.2! G H& "H 5# +" (V 2 ( YA! +A6 X@ W, Q -3P H 4P. '5 (G +EZ& H&S K >R! -H! XH +;RV 19 14 '12 +6!-3P +;RV U4,! GB HG! G 5G& AA!H^_ >`? ( V 6 ( +V( " [H\."6V T -3P H.5 ( ba- V 16 >`? 34 ( ) K &H!."6V T (\" H 4P + +a A /3 g 46 I" " 7 VR 3R3 Q cht C 19 12!-3P +6 (, 2 5 ( WM QR 2 5 ( B H! em S ( d +. H& B (. f2 B.# PM YK ( " B PM + +LM c. K B + '+(3 PM '" [H\ HE 'B 'S6gM 'H&S : "( ) S 5! (B ' 2.1 uromeiea@modares.ac.ir S 5! (B ' (V ".2 + ( 52.3 >.!A hhi# *
4 3 ( ') & '1392 "# R - / 34 ( FL ) B vj '( ( ;.V 1 P ( ^ v! >HN = fg! CSR LGM G! 5G4 CRR whg6 GP G.G e@ U LM (! GB 5GT 1 hg& UGP H! F L 4 +.. T H LM +. LM B 5T.1 = 1/2 C )2 B x (Ulusay and Kuru, 24) F L 1-1/2 WH" W K 1,) B? vj,>?@ F L B 5T LM rnh! GH!G! ; (., vj 5G&.G ( ( ve > da GB YG YGNK +<G vge PM Gk G.V T H B cht > 5 GB (G! 2 H A 2H Iwasaki ) m H Y <V CD! :(et el, 1984.B a 5@j H.B a U H )2.B a vj H 1 "2 >RG! (G, B PM '34 G"6V GT G H H& S +V K Ba +5M HJK Y3 (,.5!GK +G4P H +V >- +E6 >R! +HG G G) GEG Q!" HG )6 "-N + 5M +a )2!.(1387 GG GGGG (V GG GG# WGG 5G& GntA >G-3P dg >Gj +_H3H^_G SG (G, GB (G G 5GT.1.2.3. H& (1)!<!.1 G&H! HG YG# GA GB 5GT (G G chgjh E G +G(_G GK? +RGG dgb G G G2 G E.G Gk 4P Q + +-H! ' +RM(3 +53-6 )4"# X.! B ( l3go GB HG! G 5G& +-" +; G;.( (3 cht C + G2 +G"G G mg N (V n H! :(Iwasaki et al., 1984 Sonmez, 23) "G [HG\ G +G. G GB H!.1.(SPT) >NHOM +. B H!.2.+_H3H6H ;G fge gg" +G. G B H!.3.A +GB(G3 >G-3P +. B H!.4.3 R fe SPT G +G. B PM ; (\" +G hg" +G; A '; B #4 G& +HG2 +G# GB GPM -3P +G-"! W qhom. & 'hs H.5 ( ^ r"@ 44, WH! GB YG#" G + +( ( ; b Seed and ) ( ^ (SPT) GhG G? btg 3 ( ( ; " [H\ S.(Idriss, 1971 G HG 'E HM & 'r"@ 44, WH! Seed et al., 1985; Idriss and ) 5G G"6VT +BG Boulanger,28; Seed et al., 1983; Seed et al., 23; (Youd et al., 21 (VG2 1998 1996 +h HG UG6H! Q >,,O! M ^ Hk RGV GB G 2GM l3go 54.(Youd et al., 21) V
35 / (H& S +V K (,)K +" B H! + "G2 <GVIH Y >T ' v )2 (G, Y4. f2 R ( ( G 5.G# G5G l3go G6 G4P x h. " T IH& (, )G +G G ( +\K +V g" &H! G! " 2,P + " 5@j '(2) YA ( WM! U? n ).5 {" " 5 f ',PG +G"G 5@Gj G "G2 K +G&xE +) _Hi XH ( 5@ +" K WM. HM (+"@ G G "G G G" '>\! QR.2 b& {! + 4P +RM(3 QH"A!.1-1 +"MG G 'GG (VG GH "G SG6 hhg6 VG"66 wg IHG& SGV HGG& YGG3 GG.(1383 '!GG.TE) GGT GG AHG"A! (V H " YKH 'SV +HM.(Casciello et al., 29) HGG IHG#, h-6 +K "MGG (GB& ( v!! 4 3 +YA 5G3-6 G &H!. H&H N +Y#V 4P G hhg? +G-" +G(3 '4P AH"A! "G<V hg 1 ) +3R3 2 h&. 4P chgt G HG& SG G4P +"H2 1 N6 2 G3G (AG 5G I) "H ; (\"G G G4P +(3 }H3!2 &H!.(3R3 7 G G G3R3 3G"K GVR s2gk "-}.!HV /3g G G G3R3 G G G46 I"G ".5 (.,.+! D. GH " T IH& 5#T H& S 4P.5G (G ZGT B2 " +"H2 15 K G! YG G-3P HG G4P GG (V )GT G2!H2 Q^H H +" 'G#yV '+GE ' HV ( + Y & +GK G.(1383 '!.TE) H +&xe G.G( (H H& 5# +" WH! B '5 S +a! Y z! " (G YAG! +A6 X@ W, Q 2 # 5G-TH 1 YAG.G ;"G#V KG +G5#T G G-3P HG 4P 4 6{& >GNHOM G4P,PG +G"G chg.gg HG 6G"2 GV 6 G\K E 1381 LGM G G G) "6V T G '1386 LM '1386 chg! '6G"2 +GGV G\K 5G-TH.(139 G "G G GE V2 (H,,P H& +" (G dg ++h +\K YNK +( G"G VG2 ch!.5 ( ( 2 YA GT G H 4P r"@ +5#T '(A-A ' )-3P H 4P x h."6v G GG fh 4P )k f@ +" KHG Gy '(C-C ' G) TG IHG& (, (G "2 +5 6 (B-B'.1 ) K (G G.V " R + +" G! 2 5.# 4P +<VIH W Y2 H! YG3 G. ;"G#V -3P H (, +" 2 U +GtH2 U? 'A6 X@ W, H& (3R3 (B 5 I) -3P H 4P +"H2 1 N6 ( ) + 3R3.2 = 1392 1381 1373 1364 1451 1343 1339 1335 1329 EF = 6/2 2 ~HHM 5/5 17 B2 6/1 12 E6 5/6 11 w 5/7 6 2 T 5/6 15 )& w 5/5 15 a Ix 5/6 36 h 5/8 - IH& (M S )VR (km) U 5-TH
4 3 ( ') & '1392 "# R - / 36 tudent! H H " B2 H# N 27 45 N Q.! H& S H3H!H2!H2 H& 5# + "! (+"@) H"#i + +HB2 'H"B2 14 6 K H -3P H 4P (+&xe ) H RT '! (#yv) HB3 27 42 3 N 12 6 19 6 3 6 Q + a '5 (+"@) HB3 "H3 QE QE S6 gm 1 6 4 6 ( HV ( ) H^ +"#2M 'Y 'AE.5 1 2 3km 6"2 + V \K 5-TH 52 7 3 E 52 1 E 52 12 3 E ( 1391 +, S."T) H& S +V 4.1 J&.
37 / (H& S +V K (,)K +" B H! + Q.! A-A ' B-B ' K H AM C-C ' ( ") hh? 12 1 8 6 4 2 + 4 lp! + 2 ") ( A-A ' - 2 + 2 ( ") lp! ( ") lp! - 2-4 - 1-2 - 3 C-C ' B-B ' 12 1 8 6 4 ( ") hh? 2-3P H 4P H + " >NHOM 6"2 + V \K 5-TH.2 J&.
4 3 ( ') & '1392 "# R - / 38-3P H 4P (Casciello et al., 29 Y4) -3P H 4P (B&.3 J&. (1392 +, Y4) -3P H 4P (, N + Y#V V2.4 J&.
39 / (H& S +V K (,)K +" B H! + 5@j 'U CD! ( em.2 (G2 G 2 P. B a vj 4.(Iwasaki et al., 1984) em., (H, (2 = ( 2 & = 2 P 1 =1. 2 & '=1 j.. 2 >1 <2 GB GPM H! W YNK g" S +G"G.G2 G G2 >HN r"@ U? HG! emg.g, SG LM B 5T G G2 (Iwasaki et al., 1984) 5G G"6VT G HG WGH! (G ^ B (Sonmez, 23) GPM +GG G4.5G (G ( G 3 hg& +GV(G >., +. 4P B LM (LPI) V 15> M IV 5-15.56< d Arc-GIS-1 R6d B H! em +(.3 = (Sonmez, 23 III 2-5 WH" II -2 )2 Y4 ) I H& "# (LPI) Y#" B M F.3 KG +G"G GB 5GT Hk (G +\K +V (E 5 AA!H^_ +( G" 3 UG BG G GV 6 -!.V (\" ~@"G 4P ( d!-3p +;RV H G4P AA!HG^_ >G`? G@ 4 hg&.g.2 ba- IE lp.2-1 G c\! " ( 'd ++V( S G" 31 G G -3P H (, E +IE lp 'E +IE H& Y3 'K WM AR..GG G" QG "2 (H )2 # IE U IE U 'c\! fr6 K WM 'Y4 V!Z\! 2 +H, "6 fr6 R GG G{" G lpg +" 12! 6 IE U.(139 ) " ch 6.3-1 "GH,PG +G"G ' mp z`.t 2 HP.G(G YAG! +GA6 XG@ +GWG, G4P +GfE +\K > ( d ++VH 5 ( E + "6V >HN + 6 " ( ) + l3o 6 2 G '5 YAG (G G^ +H UP. 4P chg +GLM '\H ; LM +4.? +. YAGG! GG"GG %38 %41 vgg!! GG %1 vg!! G ML GM SM CL ch +LM Y4. HG& +G"G 6.H Y %5 ƒg? G IE lp )2 U ƒ? Q 5# (E HG& B cht +. W 'B.5 L <$.K.2 HG! + Ga G vgj U '5@j 2 E ( G WGH! (G G >G#M RG GB G GA 2GH ' +G # CD! B GB HG! emg B > 2 Hk 2 GP UGP (Liquefaction Potential Index, LPI)
4 3 ( ') & '1392 "# R - / 4 7 6 589 624 6 R.r3 5 6 R 4 3 2 1 GM 111 48 44 71 7 7 GC SC SM SP ML CL Rock SP 3% ML 5% CL 1% Rock % 6 N. r3 GM 39% SM 42% SC 3% GC 7% -3P H 4P + LM ch 6 N R.5 J&. I" s2k S :(a max ) 46 I" s2k H a U CD! c- "6V k 46.H -! (CSR)! f! B em k? vj., ( f4 em. YA! 1 ( P #2 5#T 2 vj., (3 > :(M w ) (3 > \ f4 E 2 H., (MSF F)+(3 f!. (N) " [H\ :(N) " [H\ +_ +. ( m`n " [H\.,.V T (\" H (N 6 ) %6.1.2.3 ( +EZ& AA!H^_ +( 6.4 = r"@ +6 V 56 <! K 6) $!Q # PO #N C!O SPT D! L,R #N, 77 347 513 33 29 126 23-35 14 1 146 6 12 42 35 4 196 ; (\" B vj., V 6- (1971) h 2 b ( ( Youd et al. (21) + >K`N "6V k ( 6 YA H >HN 2 56< d T &H! H N Y g.5 ( :Y V
41 / (H& S +V K (,)K +" B H! + G.G, 'Youd et al. (21) +G ; UG? < A ( N 1) 6 CS +G" ) (CRR R! + + h- " [H\! 54 3 '5.HG GHM?", # N 5 " R + G XH >,,O! 2 (2?M A H (G G >GJT 5# " R +H", +GG +GG- GG GR + +a +.(Sonmez, 23) GG (Andrews and Martin 2)."6VT (\" H N 35 " M F < +G" B 5T + 4! Hk G" 'HG& SG KG >RG! (, K 5G-TH bt ( HT 4P 6VH H! +4 G ArcGIS 1 RG6d (\" ( +\K +V AA!HG^_ +G( G "G. ( E + vgj '( ( ljh! ; (\" ( ~@" QG rg"@ wg GB G G? + +G( +a ) K Y3.V., V +G Excel R6d '>.,!E 5 Hk G? vgj., b. "6V 2 E d GB HG! emg 'GV QG rg"@ w + GGV Q + ( W (\" (LPI).G, (GE 5G G gg" GN`M.GV., hg& G V +-! + B H! em.4.5 ( ^ 5 k H a C ( f! :(σ ) 2 (CN) C ( 6 ( 6 l,o! vj.,.h "6V H 6 N :(FC%) R H 6 N 2 LMβ α vj., + LM R R H " R H 6 B v!!. '5 k H a! 54 em 5 h 2 YH H &H! vj )4"# P em.h., vj., ( d >,,O! + 4 S 5 (3 > Y l,o! d 1'3'4 (Robertson and Wride 1997) (CRR).? YH +? Liao and Whitman (1986) +..4.5.5 "6< chg! &H! '+ +( 5,N? Hk "6V 2 ( 5 ( - '(\" H Z (fge WG (VG ) G WG G2 HG 'G- ƒg,.g, G Gy. ( 5 vgj.5g (GV k6n ƒ, + +( + r"@ w B (.,.5 ( ^ 7 YA V A (G, b WH! ( ^ W 2 E 'GG G." + (N 5 "2 R) R! + +GG +G hg- " [H\ 5# GnV.B T., H R N 5 " V M + (., (LPI) B H! em.5 = WH" M WH" )2 )2 M )2 M )2 M )2 LPI 3 2 3 1 1 (!) TO L,R 6 5, S BH-9 BH-1 BH-11 BH-12 BH-13 BH-14 BH-15 BH-16 M )2 M )2 WH" M )2 )2 M LPI 23 1 3 22 1 11 (!) TO L,R 2 3 2 3 4, S BH-1 BH-2 BH-3 BH-4 BH-5 BH-6 BH-7 BH-8
4 3 ( ') & '1392 "# R - / 42 46 I" s2k a max (3 > M w " [H\ SPT N ( 6 C σ v H 6 N R FC% '(= 1.)!= " #$ ' 6 &.+!, - =. 1 * / 1.!=, -! α vj (r d ) 6 f2 vj exp[1.76-(919/fc 2 )] 5 β vj FC<5 5<FC<35 35<FC CD! c-r d r d=1-.765 z r d=1.174-.2675 z r d=.744-.8 z UZ (m) z < 9.15 9.15< z <23 23< z <3 1 exp[.99+(fc 1.5 /1)] 1.2 FC<5 5<FC<35 35<FC 1.!,G =:+H 1.! 1,$$ 2.+ = + 1! 34 1! 135 + 5 1 [1 1! +45] 2,($=.65 : ;<=/? @ > / A! f! 5.# B,$$='(,$$ 2.+! 54 5.# C =,$$ B,($ = / D E B C / E D B Y4? vj (Chung and Rogers, 211 ( m`n ;) B vj., ;.6 J&.
43 / (H& S +V K (,)K +" B H! + (1381 LM ) 34 ( V +\K +}a A B W >., g" f.7 J&..G +G)#4 g B H! k 4P IHG& 3HK ( M PM) B 53K! Gx KHG.G ( K H Q.! " GPM + RG G4P IHG& K KH f@ G TGhG KHG 5 B IE! lp "6 LM >[ (!5. )2K )2 B PM U? +G; da '4P + + 4! 5& +; b.h (\" +E +h G (G G 2 ; V e@ r"@ G +VG "G +(G (G ( ;G hg ; HG G hg G G. G( VG2 G4.G G"6V G2 G G4 G! G( HG! emg +G. G G4P GB GPM + G4 G.5G ( ^ 8 YA (LPI) B
4 3 ( ') & '1392 "# R - / 44 52 8 E 52 9 E 52 1 E 52 11 E 27 46 N Q.! N B H! em 27 45 N -3P H (, )2 LPI = -2 )2 M LPI = WH" LPI = 2-5 27 44 N K H LPI = 5-15 MLPI > 15 V Y, 52 8 E 52 9 E 52 1 E 52 11 E 25 5 1 " H& S +V B PM + 4.8 J&.? vj., 5& ( "6V 2 ; YH "6V k &H! ( = ) B >-T 2 HP g" <VCD! r"@ 5& vj (\". AR B + 4! B H! em., 5&. +. 2 V 4P B PM. 4P +-H! +R G-3P H 4P f@ c. + +" U?G."G# WGH" G! ag GB 5T + + G +G"G 'AM 5 YK! GPM G G4P "G."G# )G2 GM! )2 Y#" QG.! "G H& +5#T M B.H ( -.5 K +" B 5T 4 'U4,! +3R3 C H&S K >R! (, )2 U.V! /3g I" " 7 VR " )2 E +IE AR Y3 IE (E B cht 5&. W '(H3H).5 ( +\K +V @ Y -3P H (, f ( ) + l3o. AM.( qo"m HM ( <M +H %9 ( K H "6V N6 'AM 5 5.V v3x +" H (R6 H 5s2 (H " + +H 6 '. qo"m HM
45 / (H& S +V K (,)K +" B H! +.,\N 64 'H2 - >44,! >". '1383. '!.TE U!.,\N 128 '(ICZM) K U? nta 5 m? '1387 '+H ' 2.H " K H +V '1391.-. '+,.S 5! (B ' dh (A '+ "2 ".,\N 75 'S & h A!!4 AA!H^_ >-3P '1381 'LM.,\N 68 ' (B1,B2) H& S +V 12 6 -H! >-3P '1386 'LM.,\N 94 ' (B3,B4) H& S +V 12 6 -H! >-3P '1386 ' LM.,\N 86 '19 6 'H& S +V K >R! -H! >-3P '139 '.3R3 3R3 3 (B 5 I http://www.iiees.ac.ir/iiees/eqsearch/(s(n4vbbzwklghg35flzc1wi2dt))/eventquery.aspx Andrews, D., and Martin, G., 2. Criteria for liquefaction of silty sands, in Proceedings 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand. Casciello, E., Vergés, J., Saura, E., Casini, G., Fernández, N., Blanc, E., Homke, S., and Hunt, D., 29, Fold patterns and multilayer rheology of the Lurestan Province, Zagros Simply Folded Belt (Iran): Journal of the Geological Society, v. 166, no. 5, p. 947-959. Idriss, I., and Boulanger, R. W., 28, Soil liquefaction during earthquakes, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. Iwasaki, T,. Arakawa, T., and Tokida, K.-I., 1984, Simplified procedures for assessing soil liquefaction during earthquakes: International Journal of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, v. 3, no. 1, p. 49-58. Liao, S., and Whitman, R., 1986, Overburden Correction Factors for SPT in Sand: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, v. 112, no. 3, p. 373-377. Robertson, P., K., and Wride, C. E., Cyclic liquefaction and its evaluation based on the SPT and CPT: Seismic Short Course on Evaluation and Mitigation of Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Hazards, in Proceedings NCEER Workshop on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils, San Francisco, CA., 1997, p. 42-59. Seed, H.B., and Idriss, I. M., 1971, Simplified Procedure for Evaluating Soil Liquefaction Potential: Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, v. 97, no. 9, p. 1249-1273. Seed, H.B., Idriss, I., and Arango, I., 1983, Evaluation of Liquefaction Potential Using Field Performance Data: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, v. 19, no. 3, p. 458-482. Seed, H.B., Tokimatsu, K., Harder, L., and Chung, R., 1985, Influence of SPT Procedures in Soil Liquefaction Resistance Evaluations: Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, v. 111, no. 12, p. 1425-1445. Seed, H.B., Cetin, K. O., Moss, R. E. S., Kammerer, A. M., Wu, J., Pestana, J. M., Riemer, M. F., Sancio, R. B., Bray, J. D., Kayen, R. E., and Faris, A., 23. Recent Advances in Soil Liquefaction Engineering: A Unified and Consistent Framework, in Proceedings Annual ASCE, Los Angeles Geotechnical Spring Seminar: Long Beach, CA,, April 3, 23, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, p. 72. Sonmez, H., 23, Modification of the liquefaction potential index and liquefaction susceptibility mapping for a liquefaction-prone area (Inegol,Turkey): Environmental Geology, v. 44, no. 7, p. 862-871.
4 3 ( ') & '1392 "# R - / 46 Youd, T., Idriss, I., Andrus, R., Arango, I., Castro, G., Christian, J., Dobry, R., Finn, W., Harder, L., Hynes, M., Ishihara, K., Koester, J,. Liao, S., Marcuson, W., Martin, G., Mitchell, J., Moriwaki, Y., Power, M., Robertson, P., Seed, R., and Stokoe, K., 21, Liquefaction Resistance of Soils: Summary Report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF Workshops on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 127, no. 1, p. 817-833.