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!#$!"&#"!%. & ) 21. 2018 129 # 664.788/ 664.668.9 22 1 2 $..,.!.,....!., +!....,!"8.., %!30&..,.!"## «,!! $» (% ). +. 1.) 1010 81 ) (8) 1. 1 2 ( 1 2 ), &2, 1 ()), 11. 19992016. 2 2 3. & 0 101 1 20132016. 8 ) () 1. *.. 0 0 1 2 86 % 52 % 1 271, 1./,. +.6)),) 0..0 10%,. &...: &2 19 %,, 7 %, 1 6 %,. 58 % 1 62, 1 20102016.. ).)0 ) ).! /.) 0). 1 + 2, &2+!&2+ 1, +&2+!&2+ 1 + 2. /, /1.081 ),..0 1. : 1, ), 81., )30, 8) 1., 1, &2, 8 1 Abstract. Results of maize grain fusariotoxins contamination monitoring of 19992016 year harvests in Russian Federation are presented. Occurrence of aflatoxin 1 in the harvest of 20132016 is also discussed. High occurrence of FB 1 and FB 2 was revealed in 86 % and 52 % of 271 analyzed samples, respectively. 10 % of analyzed samples were contaminated over maximum level. Other toxins were also found out: T2 toxin in 19 % samples, ZL in 7 % of samples, AFL B 1 in 6 % of samples. 58 % of 62 samples of grain yields in 20102016 years were contaminated with two or more mycotoxins. The most characteristic combinations were FB 1 + FB 2, T2 + HT2 + FB 1, ZL + T2 + HT2 + FB 1 + FB 2. AFL B1 was detected in three samples of maize along with fusariotoxins. Key words: maize, monitoring, fusariotoxins, contamination, fumonizins, zearalenone, T2 toxin, aflatoxin 1.260 0, 1,0 ; 130 «1,,:./,, + ). 4. (4&).).),/,./, 000.),.) 1010)./,. &/ 300 (1000 6)) ),./ ), Fusarium, Aspergillus Penicillium.!.4&,,/. ) )/, ),0, / [14]. + 3 + 2 / 102 2 13! (),,1 25 % ) 0 1./, 0 4&. & 5 ; ), 30 10 ), / 7 2 1 400 ),,2 ) 1 ) 5 ) [5].

130!#$!"&#"!%. & ) 21. 2018, 4&01 0 / 102././,1 )).) : ) [1, 68]. 1:/0/ 36 % /1 2,0) 01 4& [9]. 1., 1 661.// ) 2 2 3.)) )2./,,6 ) )/. )0/ 0 304&, 1.:00 )) ) 6:0 /,,0 1, [2, 10]. 1)./ 1./ 2,,.) ) 4& 000 81.,, 6 1 ) 0 Fusarium (.&2!&2, 8) 1. ( 1 2 ), 1 (), 1 (!, ) ), 8. () / (&). 4& /.) 0 ) 2) [7,9,11]. &2,.2 ) ),/,./ Fusarium (F. sporotrichiodes F. poae), 000 ) 1 )././ 81. 1. 2, /10, ) 6,./ )) ),./. +.) ) [11,12],.&2!&2 0 1./// 1 [5]. + 1, &2 1 3/1. (28 %),,63. (21 %) (21 %).. 0 101 0 ) &2!&2 1 1,. ). ') [1315],! [16], [17],, [18], [19] /,,./, 2,/1 /. 0,./)4&. + 3) 000),. F. graminearum F. ulmorum..) ) 2),, 00 ; 2. +)0 ).61.0 6, ;, ) 81 ), 3 1),0 00 1 [20]..),.) ), ) 0, 0001. + 1.),) )), /,,,,/. +.)!?0,, ), 01.),:2 (SCOOP), ::)0),,.) 9,2/, ) 32 %, 1 1 [12]. ) 1. 4&, 1)./,): ),) ) F. moniliforme J. Sheldon../ 0/,./ ) 8) 1. 1 2, 3,.) 1 )1. )0.. 2 0;/ 11., /, 5,, 0,.. ) 1...)3.) 2) [21]. 4, 1 83 8) 1., 0, 1), 3.0 (',, 2). 1, 2, G 1 G 2 000,.) 1010),:./, ),, 3)./000 Aspergillus flavusa. parasiticus,., )/, 1) /,. 2 01 ), 000 )1./,,./0, ))6./ 000,.., 0 20, 0003, ) ;88. );, /,,:.) ) (JECFA)./ / 2., )

!#$!"&#"!%. & ) 21. 2018 131,,0 (#++) 0 : 0 )). 8) 1 1, 2 3 2 )/, 0,5 )/, &2!&2 (/)).) 0,06 )/.,),, 0,, 000 26) 3 ) [22, 23]. 1, 4& 2. 2 81/ /)/ 8. + ; ) 16 /,:./, /,0 1. :,0.,./ 2 2 6 )6 4&,.. 0), (.6 200 ), 1),.6, 12 1: 8 10 1 ) ;88.) [23]. #.06, 4&, /1),,. 2,, 3)./ ) 4& 0 1 0, 1),, :0 )3),.0,:./,, 21./)1:. /,0 1200 00) )2 1/ ), ).,:./, /. 0: )0. )./ 0 11., ()/, ): (1,0 01.,,63.0)0), &2 (0,1 01./), 1 (0,005 01./, / ) 8) 1. ( 1 2 ) (4,0 0, 1 1. (&/2 ) &) 1 015/2011 «1, 1») [24]. % 0:2.0 1 081 ( &2, 1 2, ) 1, )11. 19992016. '().0 0..,., 11. 19992016.,.: 27 ) ) () ( 2 2, 0 ), 1 ) (, 2 2,,, *0, 0,, $0,, 60), + ) ( 0, 0 ), ) (+) 22), % ) (* 0,,30, 0, &0 ),,:2, ), (#, 5,!, 30, 0, 1/ ). +.1.., '& 243332011 «,.,.,»./,2, /0:/0/,)./,.:/,,00/,,. 0 0,),.).)#,0), 1, 2 2 332, 1 2 /), 2, 3 ' 2 / 2,32,,., 318 1 0, 276 1 1 2, 86 1 &2 49 1 1.,11., &2 1 :0, ) 2 /):,.2, ) : )) 8) 1 (),,./ 1, ) : =@< / =@< ), ) (4). ())., L1, 1 β 1 ),, ) : ) 0 RIDASCREEN Zearalenon (, 0 0,00175 )/).

132!#$!"&#"!%. & ) 21. 2018 / 3 ()). &2, 3&2,!&2 1 &2),0, ) :).0 RIDASCREEN &2 (, 0 0,0035 )/). ()). 1, G 1, 2, G 2, M 1 ),, ) :)0 RIDASCREEN Aflatoxin B 1 30/15 (, 0 0,001 )/)., 0 0/ 19992006., 4# 517790 [25]., 1., ) : 1 ) ) 2 20 ; 100 ) 3 : 2 (75:25), 8. 20 )8 0 80 )8 8 8 (PBS).!)) 88 () Easy extract zearalenone 50 )1 8, 1), ). 20 ) PBS!=7,4,,, ; 1,5 ); 1,5 ).. +.;.?0,, /, 0 1 )).,; /,, ) : =@< Agilent 1100 )8 ) ) (.;30,0 274 );.;) 470 ),, 281 2 Phenomenex Luna 18(2), 250 4,6 )), 1)3 5 )))., 281.., 1.). () 3 (B): 0 ). 60 % (*), 10 ). 80 % (*),13 ). 90 % (*), 14 ). 90 % (*), 15 ). 60 % (*), 22 ). 60 (*) (2.2,, 1 )/)). ;/ 0/)0./ 6,5 ). 0,0 0 &2!&2 ;3, 1 20 1 )> 1.) 2 / 0, ) : 100 ))) : (9:1), 0/62 30 )8. 10 )8 0 40 ) PBS,,)6 8.. 25 )1 ;,,)0, :2, ). 2 20 ) PBS. = :0 1,5 )).,, / ) 8 2) Agilent 1100., 2 81., 1 Phenomenex Luna C18(2), 150 4,6 )), 1)3 5 ))., 2 81..,) ; ).,, 2 8 2 2 (&),!=3,0 () 3 (*): 0 ). 30 % (*), 5 ). 45 % (*), 10 ). 60 % (*), 12 )., 15 ). 95 % (*) 16, 21 ). 30 % (*) (2.2,, 1 )/)). ;/ 0/)0./ &2!&2 10,7 7,5 ),. +4, 1 Agilent 6410 (, 2 2, ). + ).0./,.,0 0 &2!&2 0,002 0,005 )/.,,, )) &2!&2 ) (4+39) ) 0.))) 505,0 463,0., 1 2, «4 ) 10),,8) 1 1 2 1 (1,,, )) ) ). ;88 2 2/ ) 8» [26]., 1, 4# 408286 [27] [28]..., 4&,0 8) (4) 1 )./, ). (4e) ( 0 2, 1/,,,./, 1:2,1010) 90, 30 (90 %), / 0.

!#$!"&#"!%. & ) 21. 2018 133.1 271,.11. 20002016., 1 1 2 86 % 52 %, ),.6) )) )),) 0 (4#) 10 % (. 1). &3 1 01 8) 1) 1 2, 11.,, ), ),, ' :/./, /, / 0,, 1. :/.6 )/ )/ 4#,1 M Me 90% 2000 53 2001 33 2002 28 2003 33 2004 5 2005 16 2006 5 2007 8 2008 21 2009 2 2010 18 2012 2 2013 4 2014 16 2015 9 2016 18 1 50 (94%) 0,038,7 1,61 1,02 3,77 6 (16%) 2 26 (49%) 0,043,15 0,67 0 0,94 1 31 (94%) 0,0217,91 1,86 0,46 4,52 4 (15%) 2 23 (70%) 0,048,50 0,8 0,10 0,84 1 28 (100%) 0,1011,3 2,7 1,62 5,27 11 (39%) 2 26 (93%) 0,061,90 0,7 0,56 1,56 1 28 (85%) 0,012,75 0,48 0,13 1,16 2 12 (36%) 0,110,88 0,37 0 0,47 1 5 (100%) 0,080,38 0,19 0,15 0,33 2 2 (40%) 0,11; 0,24 0,07 0 0,19 1 14 (90%) 0,015,13 1,44 0,64 2,76 6 (37%) 2 11 (70%) 0,162,9 0,89 0,26 1,59 1 3 (60%) 0,010,56 0,22 0,01 0,32 2 1 (20%) 0,24 0,25 0,02 0,12 1 5 (63%) 0,081,94 0,86 0,10 0,90 2 3 (38%) 0,131,41 0,61 0,02 0,65 1 16 (76%) 0,0252,93 0,74 0,11 1,94 1 (5%) 2 8 (38%) 0,111,41 0,54 0 0,75 1 1 (50%) 0,941,88 1,19 1,19 1,88 2 1 (50%) 0,370,72 0,58 0,58 0,73 1 15 (83%) 0,030,84 0,29 0,13 0,60 2 7 (39%) 0,040,43 0,24 0 0,34 1 2 (100%) 0,54; 1,83 1,19 1,19 1,83 2 2 (100%) 0,11; 1,05 0,58 0,58 1,05 1 4 (100%) 0,922,85 1,70 1,51 2,46 2 4 (100%) 0,090,80 0,36 0,28 0,65 1 8 (50%) 0,052,02 0,46 0,025 0,41 2 6 (37%) 0,060,19 0,11 0 0,12 1 6 (67%) 0,020,51 0,132 0,03 0,20 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 18 (100%) 0,012,18 0,41 0,115 1,08 2 9 (50%) 0,040,62 0,22 0,02 0,30 271 1 234 (86%) 28 (10%) 0,0117,91 2 141 (52%) 0,048,5

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e 90% 2008 9 4 (44%) 0 0,0060,077 0,027 0 0,28 2009 2 0 0 <0,002 0 0 0 2010 22 1 (4,5%) 0 0,025 0,025 0 0 2011 2 0 0 <0,002 0 0 0 2012 2 1 (50%) 0 0,072 0,072 0,036 0,072 2013 4 4 (100%) 1 (25%) 0,0030,235 0,063 0,007 0,167 2014 18 0 0 <0,002 0 0 0 2015 9 2 0 0,007;0,01 0,009 0 0,007 2016 18 6 (33%) 0 0,0030,100 0,033 0 0,032 : 86 16 (19%) 1 (1%) 0,0030,235 $ 01.: 10, )0&2 8) 1, ) 7 % 0 318 1./, (. 3). $: / 1 2006. 21 %,, 2015. 22 % 2013. 100 %... 0,.6 11%. )./ 13/ 0,005 )/ 0,315 )/.! 21 )./, /,,.6:/4#,.. +1 0 1 11. 20132016. 0 ) 6 % 1 49./, (. 4). $: ).., 1 1 2013. /1 4./, 2016. 6 %. )./ 13/ 0,007 0,0247 )/, ) 0,0127 )/.! )1

!#$!"&#"!%. & ) 21. 2018 135 )./ 13 1. 20142015. 1.. 13, :/ 1,.64# 6 % ( 2 2016.) 25 % ( 2 2014.). &3 3 01 1 ), 11. ',,,, )./ :/, / :/, /, )/,.6 0, )/ 4#,1 M Me 90% 1999 2000 98 1 (1%) 0 0,05 0,05 0 0 2001 33 2 (6%) 0 0,08; 0,14 0,11 0 0 2002 39 2 (5%) 0 0,08; 0,14 0,11 0 0 2003 33 2 (6%) 0 0,05;0,11 0,08 0 0 2005 11 0 0 <0,005 0 0 0 2006 14 3 (21%) 0 0,010,04 0,025 0 0 2007 11 0 0 <0,005 0 0 0 2008 8 0 0 <0,005 0 0 0 2009 2 0 0 <0,005 0 0 0 2010 18 1 (6%) 0 0,012 0,012 0 0 2012 2 0 0 <0,005 0 0 0 2013 4 4 (100%) 0 0,0180,315 0,161 0,156 0,276 2014 18 2 (11%) 0 0,006;0,008 0,007 0 0,0018 2015 9 2 (22%) 0 0,0080,038 0,023 0 0,008 2016 18 2 (11%) 0 0,005;0,017 0,011 0,011 0,0158 : 318 21 (7,0%) 0 0,005 0,315 &3 4 01 8 ) 1, 11.,, ), ',, :/./, /, / 0,, :/ )/ )/.6 4#,1 M Me 90% 2013 4 2 (50%) 1 (25%) 0,0007; 0,0127 0,00035 0,017 0,0247 5 2014 18 0 0 <0,001 0 0 0 2015 9 0 0 <0,001 0 0 0 2016 18 1 (6%) 1 (6%) 0,011 0,011 0,011 0,011 : 49 3 (9%) 2 (4%) &) 1 ), :0,..6., ) 1,, 2000, 2016. 11...0. 0101 1 2., : 0 ). 2 )3;) ) 1. 2000 2002, 2005, 2012, 2013, 2016. ;. 90 100 % 1, 40100 % 2.+; ) 2000 2002., 2005. 2008...0.,.60 )) 4# 8) 1, ).2 90 % 1010.1.6, )..

136!#$!"&#"!%. & ) 21. 2018 ), ). 1 2, 8) 1)1 01 1.&2 ) (19 %, ), (7 %, ) 1 (6 %, ). +. 1. 0 4& 11. 0.),.)1.// 1. [29]. )01. 1),011. ) /81 ( 1, 2, &2, ). 2010., ) 62, 11.; 0.,., 2013., 101 1 (. 5). *., 1, 58 %,.1.. ).)0 4&. &3 5 +., 11. 2010 2016., :) ' 0 01 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 4&, 1 + 2 7, 1 4 7 19 (31 %) &2+!&2+ 1 1 1 3 5 (8 %) +&2+!&2+ 1 + 2 4 4 (6 %) &2+!&2+ 1 + 2 1 2 3 (5 %) + 1 + 2 2 2 (3 %) + 1 1 1 (2 %) &2+ 1 + 2 1 1 (2 %) &2+ 1 1 1 (2 %) + 14 2 4 15 9 18 62! 31 %, 1 + 2 ; 8 % &2+!& 2+ 1 ; 6 % +&2+!&2+ 1 + 2.,./,0/1.,. 00 ).&2+!&2+ 1 + 2 5 % ; + 1 + 2 3 % ; + 1 2 % ; &2+ 1 + 2 2 % ; &2+ 1 2 %. ); /,0/1.081 ) 1 (+&2+!&2+ 1 + 2 + 1, 1 + 2 + 1, ) )111.)),)), 3)4&.. 1. ) ), : 0, 0 1010, 11. ) 81 ), 1 /,. ).), 0) / / 2/, 10 1,.)0. % 1. Fusariotoxins in Russian Federation 2005 2010 grain harvests Tutelyan V.A. /Zakharova L.P. et al. // Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B. 2013. Vol. 6. 92. C. 139 145. 2. &0.. 4& (43,.) /..&0..,.. 4.: 43, 1985. 320. 3. 4/..!.., 21, 1 (/, ) /..4/..,..,.. // 4.:,, 2007. 382.

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