Particle Acceleration and Detection Measurement and Control of Charged Particle Beams Bearbeitet von Michiko G Minty, Frank Zimmermann 1. Auflage 2003. Buch. xx, 364 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 540 44187 8 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 1590 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Physik, Astronomie > Quantenphysik > Teilchenphysik schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.
Contents 1 Introduction... 1 1.1 ReviewofTransverseLinearOptics... 6 1.2 BeamMatrix... 11 1.3 ReviewofLongitudinalDynamics... 12 1.4 TransverseandLongitudinalEquationsofMotion... 14 Exercises... 15 2 Transverse Optics Measurement and Correction... 17 2.1 BetatronTune... 17 2.1.1 Introduction... 17 2.1.2 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) andrelatedtechniques... 19 2.1.3 Swept-FrequencyExcitation... 25 2.1.4 PhaseLockedLoop... 26 2.1.5 SchottkyMonitor... 27 2.1.6 Multi-BunchSpectrum... 27 2.2 BetatronPhase... 28 2.2.1 Harmonic Analysis of Orbit Oscillations... 28 2.3 BetaFunction... 30 2.3.1 TuneShiftInducedbyQuadrupoleExcitation... 30 2.3.2 BetatronPhaseAdvance... 32 2.3.3 OrbitChangeataSteeringCorrector... 34 2.3.4 GlobalOrbitDistortions... 35 2.3.5 β atinteractionorsymmetrypoint... 36 2.3.6 R MatrixfromTrajectoryFit... 37 2.4 DetectionofQuadrupoleGradientErrors... 40 2.4.1 FirstTurnTrajectories... 41 2.4.2 Closed-OrbitDistortion... 41 2.4.3 PhaseAdvance... 42 2.4.4 π BumpMethod... 43 2.5 Multiknobs,OpticsTuning,andMonitoring... 43 2.6 Model-IndependentDiagnostics... 46 2.7 Coherent Oscillations and Nonlinear Optics..... 48 2.7.1 BeamResponsetoaKickExcitation... 48
X Contents 2.7.2 CoherentDamping... 49 2.7.3 DetuningwithAmplitude... 50 2.7.4 Filamentation due to Nonlinear Detuning.... 52 2.7.5 Decoherence due to Chromaticity andmomentumspread... 53 2.7.6 ResonanceDrivingTerms... 53 2.7.7 TuneScans... 54 2.8 BetatronCoupling... 56 2.8.1 DrivingTerms... 56 2.8.2 FirstTurnAnalysis... 57 2.8.3 BeamResponseafterKick... 58 2.8.4 ClosestTuneApproach... 59 2.8.5 CompensatingtheSumResonance... 60 2.8.6 EmittancenearDifferenceResonance... 61 2.8.7 EmittancenearSumResonance... 62 2.8.8 CouplingTransferFunction... 63 2.8.9 Excursion:FlatVersusRoundBeams... 63 Exercises... 64 3 Orbit Measurement and Correction... 69 3.1 Beam-BasedAlignment... 71 3.1.1 QuadrupoleExcitation... 72 3.1.2 QuadrupoleGradientModulation... 75 3.1.3 SextupoleExcitation... 76 3.1.4 SextupoleMovement... 78 3.1.5 Structure Alignment Using Beam-Induced Signals... 79 3.2 One-to-OneSteering... 80 3.3 LatticeDiagnosticsandRMatrixReconstruction... 82 3.4 GlobalBeam-BasedSteering... 85 3.5 SingularValueDecomposition... 87 3.6 WakeFieldBumps... 89 3.7 Dispersion-FreeSteering... 91 3.8 Errors... 94 3.9 OrbitFeedback... 95 3.10 Excursion ACDipole... 96 Exercises... 97 4 Transverse Beam Emittance Measurement and Control... 99 4.1 BeamEmittanceMeasurements... 101 4.1.1 SingleWireMeasurement... 101 4.1.2 MultipleWireMeasurement... 104 4.1.3 Graphics... 106 4.1.4 EmittanceMismatch... 111 4.2 BetaMatchinginaTransportLineorLinac... 116 4.3 Equilibrium Emittance... 117
Contents XI 4.3.1 CircumferenceChange... 120 4.3.2 RFFrequencyChange... 121 4.3.3 Wigglers... 122 4.4 LinacEmittanceControl... 125 4.4.1 Introduction... 125 4.4.2 BNSDamping... 126 4.4.3 Trajectory Oscillations... 128 4.4.4 Dispersion-FreeSteering... 129 Exercises... 130 5 Beam Manipulations in Photoinjectors... 133 5.1 RFPhotoinjector... 133 5.2 Space-ChargeCompensation... 134 5.3 Flat-BeamTransformation... 137 Exercises... 139 6 Collimation... 141 6.1 Linear Collider...... 141 6.2 StorageRings... 143 Exercises... 147 7 Longitudinal Optics Measurement and Correction... 149 7.1 SynchronousPhaseandSynchrotronFrequency... 150 7.2 DispersionandDispersionMatching... 152 7.2.1 RFFrequencyShift... 153 7.2.2 RFModulation... 154 7.2.3 RFAmplitudeorPhaseJump... 155 7.2.4 ResonantCorrectionofResidualDispersion... 155 7.2.5 Higher-Order Dispersion in a Transport Line or Linac 156 7.3 MomentumCompactionFactor... 159 7.3.1 SynchrotronTune... 159 7.3.2 BunchLength... 160 7.3.3 Lifetime... 161 7.3.4 PathLengthvs.Energy... 162 7.3.5 BeamEnergyviaResonantDepolarization... 163 7.3.6 Change in Field Strength for Unbunched Proton Beam... 164 7.4 Chromaticity... 164 7.4.1 RFFrequencyShift... 165 7.4.2 Head-TailPhaseShift... 165 7.4.3 AlternativeChromaticityMeasurements... 167 7.4.4 NaturalChromaticity... 167 7.4.5 Local Chromaticity: dβ/dδ... 168 7.4.6 Chromaticity Control in Superconducting Proton Rings.... 168
XII Contents 7.4.7 Application:MeasuringtheCentralFrequency... 170 Exercises... 171 8 Longitudinal Phase Space Manipulation... 175 8.1 BunchLengthCompression... 175 8.2 BunchLengthPrecompression... 178 8.3 BunchCoalescing... 180 8.4 BunchSplitting... 182 8.5 HarmonicCavities... 186 8.6 EnergySpread... 190 8.7 EnergyCompression... 197 8.8 BeamLoadingandLong-RangeWakeFields... 197 8.9 Multi-BunchEnergyCompensation... 202 8.10 Damping Partition Number Change via RF Frequency Shift 203 Exercises... 208 9 Injection and Extraction... 211 9.1 TransverseSingle-TurnInjection... 211 9.2 Multi-TurnInjection... 214 9.2.1 TransverseMulti-TurnInjection... 214 9.2.2 Longitudinal and Transverse Multi-Turn Injection... 216 9.2.3 LongitudinalMultiturnInjection... 217 9.2.4 Phase-SpacePainting... 218 9.3 H ChargeExchangeInjection... 219 9.4 ResonantInjection... 220 9.5 ContinuousInjection... 221 9.6 InjectionEnvelopeMatching... 221 9.7 FastExtraction... 224 9.8 Kickers... 226 9.9 Septa... 229 9.10 SlowExtraction... 230 9.11 ExtractionviaResonanceIslands... 232 9.12 BeamSeparation... 234 9.13 CrystalExtraction... 236 Exercises... 238 10 Polarization Issues... 239 10.1 EquationofSpinMotion... 239 10.2 Thomas-BMTEquation... 240 10.3 BeamPolarization... 241 10.4 SpinorAlgebraUsingSU(2)... 241 10.5 EquationofSpinMotion... 242 10.6 PeriodicSolutiontotheEquationofSpinMotion... 243 10.7 DepolarizingResonances... 244 10.8 PolarizationPreservationinStorageRings... 246
Contents XIII 10.8.1 HarmonicCorrection... 247 10.8.2 Adiabatic Spin Flip.... 249 10.8.3 TuneJump... 250 10.9 SiberianSnakes... 250 10.10 PartialSiberianSnakes... 255 10.11 RFDipole... 257 10.12 SingleResonanceModel... 257 Exercises... 261 11 Cooling... 263 11.1 DampingRatesandFokker PlanckEquation... 263 11.2 ElectronCooling... 266 11.2.1 BasicDescription... 266 11.2.2 EstimateoftheCoolingRate... 268 11.2.3 OpticalFunctionsattheElectronCooler... 271 11.2.4 Outlook... 273 11.3 StochasticCooling... 274 11.3.1 BasicDescription... 274 11.3.2 Application: EmittanceGrowthfromaTransverseDamper... 276 11.4 LaserCooling... 277 11.4.1 IonBeams... 277 11.4.2 ElectronBeams... 279 11.5 Thermal Noise and Crystalline Beams... 282 11.6 BeamEchoes... 285 11.6.1 Illustration... 285 11.6.2 CalculationofTransverseEcho... 286 11.6.3 MeasurementsofLongitudinalEchoes... 290 11.6.4 MeasurementsofTransverseEchoes... 292 11.7 IonizationCooling... 295 11.8 ComparisonofCoolingTechniques... 297 Exercises... 298 12 Solutions to Exercises... 301 References... 328 Index... 361