J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys. No. +*., p.+*3 ++1,**0 * Changes and Issues of Consolidation Techniques of Peaty Arable Land in Hokkaido Teruo ISHIWATA* * Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region, Hiragishi + - + -., Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, *0, 20*,, Japan + -*,* cm /* cm,/ cm,. ha +33- m ph +, +, - m, +3/* +303 +23- ; +230 +3*3 +3+* ; +3,0 +3+3 ;, +310 +310 - ; +312, + +310 +3,* 3 + m.* /* m 0* cm -0 m, 3* cm./ m. +3-0 +2,1 m 3* cm,, +3-0 0* 2* cm +2 m +303 + m + +303 +* - cm s + +303 * *0, 20*, + - + -. :
110 +*.,**0 Table + + Chemical properties of soils of peaty un-reclaimed land in Sarobetu ph CEC Ca Mg K Na cm H,O KCl y+ gg + gg + cmol c kg + cmol c kg + mg +** g * -, -, // // 1/ 1/ -420 /4.+.4.+.4*1 +01 12 +0, 13-0,,+,,1,,,0 +00 +-3 *4,/ *4+/ *4+/ *41+ *4*/ *4*3 *4*3 *4+2 *4-- *400 *4+* *4*1 *4*1 *4*3 /340 014+ 1,41 /*41 *41 *4- *4, *,/,/.1.1 1/ 1/.4+*.4,-.4.-.4/, -4-0 -4-1 -4.- -4.+,1-,/.,0.,/* *4*+* *4*+0 *4*+2 *4*,- 3*42 104/ 034-3/43 ++41,/40 ++4+ 24* +*4/ /4. /4,.4+,4+ +40 ++43 24+ /4,,42 +043 + *40 *42 *4/ *42.4-3 /41-.423.42* *4*++ *4*,, *4*,- *4*+* 242,+4- +04/ ++4- *,0,0 /* /* 01 01 3* 3* +,- +,- -42/.4,-.4,1.4-2.40*.401,43- -4-, -4.3-4/- -401-41. *4*+- *4**- *4*+1 *4*,+ *4*,, *4*+, 3/4* /242 1-4- 1-4- 0/43 0+43 34- /4..40 /4- -4-.4*,4+ *41 *40 *4/ +42-4, -4. +43-4*,43-4,,4* +4. +4, -4/ -4, -42,4, -3 1/.-.-,/,. +2 +0 ++ ++ -2,3 +/ 0-3* +/+* +,.* ++0* * *.** 0** +*2* +00*,.* * +* +0*, Table, +303 +310 +31* *.2 +., m, +, +2 m +310 Physical properties of soils of peaty un-reclaimed land in Sarobetu gcm - *4+./ *4++0 *4*21 cm - cm - *4*30 *4*21 *4*0/ *41/. *421+ *42,0 *4+/* *4*., *4+*3 +3// : + +.+ m,* -* cm +, +2 m +313 *.2 +., m 3 +2 m,*** /* cm 1* cm +3//,*** S :m D :mmd + k :cms + H :cm
: 111 Table - - E#ects of underground water table on soil temperature +3/+ cm 0 1 2,* 0*,*4/,+41,-4-,.4-,.4-,.42,,*40,/4+,/4,,.40,.41,,40,,41,-4/,.4, +* cm,* 0* +.43 +04* +043 +24. +242,*4+ +24/ +34-,+41,,4,,-4*,-4+,+4.,+42,,40,,42 +303 Table.. E#ect of the interval distances and depths of open ditches on the yield in peaty paddy field kg/+* a cm 0* 3* m,1-0./ /.,1-0./ /. +3,3 +3-* +3-+ +3-,.+40,+/41 0+41.+4/.042,+.41 034. -142-14.,*,43 0+4..-40,240,-24/ -/4/.*4+ -/4.,*+4. /-42-041 /14/ +3.4+ 0.4+,24/ /24-,+041 1/4+,34* -.40 +224- /+43-243. * 3*4+ 3/ 3.42 +** 3+43 31 204-3+ 2/41 3* 2042 3, 204+ 3+ 124. 2- +310 *: 0* cm -0 m +** Fig. + + E#ects of cutting ditches within peaty soil on the depths of underground water table. +303 1./ m K
112 +*.,**0 k S,H k D*20.. +,, - +3// A: B: +313,*** +3// +313 +33,,***,**,, ph - + Ishiwata et al., +332 ; a,,**0,*** + +* b,,**0 +30. +300 +,* + -* +303, Fig., E#ects of di#erent tube drainages on the depths of underground water table.,**, +303 -
: 113 / Table / E#ects of the depths of soil dressing on rice yield. cm * -.4/ 0 3 +, * +** ++2 +,. +,2 +,/ +,3 *: +** +303 - Fig. - Amounts of drained water and water quality from di#erent tube drainages.,**, +310 - + +223 -, +3,* - 3 cm + - +303 +3.. +*. / +303 +3,2 +302 0* m - +* a +*,*,* -* +310 +30-0 +, cm -* / +303 +303 +31*,**0,**0 +3/* / +303 +30* +303 -,
114 +*.,**0 +3/1 +30+ +303 +3/* +31* - - +* - cms + 0 cm +303 +303 +303 0* +3//.,**0. Fig.. Pre-consolidation stresses of un-reclaimed and farmland peaty soils. +333,*** Nieuwenhuis and Schokking, +331. +30*,* cm,,* -* cm, +* cm +30, +30,, - : -*.* cm, :.* /* cm, : /* 0* cm, 1 :.* /* cm, : /* 0* cm, : 0* +** cm +313,***, + +. +,/ cm
: 115 / cm /,/ cm / 1 +322,**+., +33/ - m -*,**, +3/0 +330 3* km, 12 *..,.3 m, *..+ m +3/. *.. m +30- +* +333 +30- +333 *.2 +., m / ;,**, +32* +331,**-,**.,**, /, +3/* Fig. / / Distribution of subsidence depths after grassland reclamation.,**,
116 +*.,**0 +3/*,**, CO, CH. +303 : /* pp. +/- +12 +303 : +303 p. -*, p. -+1. +33- : Q&A 0* : 0 +0 +.2 +0*,00,11-00 -13. +3// : p. +..,**+ : +, +322 : 0,,**/ : - 10 : +21 +3+.,**0 : +1 Ishiwata, T., Takamiya, N., Ooya, T. and Yokobori, M. (+332) : Properties and Components of Deposit Which Occurred Inside a Drainage Tube. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.,.. : +,/ +,2. +33, : -0 : 10 2.. +333 :.- :, 0.,**, : -0 /+ : -, -/.,**. : /- : 22 3-. +30, : + -- :.2-.22. +303 : /* pp. +13 +20,**, : 1* : -,/ -,2.,**0 :,.+ : ++1 +,,.,**0 :,.- : 1-12. +33/ : 00 :.0/.1-.,**0 : 1. : 1-3 1.*. +310 : pp. +,+ +.*
: 117 Nieuwenhuis, H.S. and Schokking, F. (+331) :Land subsidence in drained peat areas of the Province of Friesland, The Netherlands. Quarterly J. Engineering Geology, -* : -1.2. +3// :, p. +. pp. +* ++. +313 : pp..0 /0.,*** : p..3 0/ pp. +-* +-,. +320 : pp. +*/ +*2,*** : p. 1 +303 : /* pp. +21,,0,**, : 1- : ++ +/. +312 : p...0./1,**0 : +*- : 3/ +*-. m :,**0,,+ :,**0.,+