The D iversity of Flower Color of the O rnam en ta l Sunflower and the Rela tion to An thocyan in s

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1 2008, 35 (6) : Acta Horticulturae Sinica 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 13, 13 ( 1, ; 2, ) : (RHSCC) 36, ; (HPLC), 9, 9,, / ;, : ; ; ; ; ; : S 68 : A : X (2008) The D iversity of Flower Color of the O rnam en ta l Sunflower and the Rela tion to An thocyan in s ZHANG Yuan2yuan 1, 2, Q IDong2mei 1, L IU Hui 1, ZHANG J i2chong 1, L I Chong2hui 1, ZHANG jie 1, WANG L iang2sheng 13, and L IU Gong2she 13 ( 1 Institute of B otany, the Chinese A cadem y of Sciences, B eijing , China; 2 Graduate U niversity, the Chinese A cadem y of Sciences, B eijing , China) Abstract: Flower color is one of the most important ornam ental characters. on the polymorphism of flower color of the ornam ental sunflower. This study is the first report The floral color was m easured according to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart ( RHSCC) and by a NF333 spectrophotometer. And UV 2V isible spectra of flower p igm ents were performed. The results indicated that the floral color of the ornamental sunflow2 er includes the red group and the yellow group. The results also showed that there are 9 anthocyanins of all 36 ornam ental sunflower genotypes. Only one anthocyanin was detected in all 36 experim ental materials. The re2 sults of the m ultilevel mass spectrum showed that the anthocyandin of the sunflower was cyanidin. The cyani2 din was combined to glucose, rhamnose and /or arabinose to form glucosides. B ut we did not detect the cyanin in the pure yellow sunflower. sunflower. Key words: This supposes that the cyanin was the m atter of the red group of the ornamental sunflower; ornam ental sunflower; ray flower; flower color; polymorphism; anthocyanin (ornamental sunflower) ( colorful sunflower), ( Heli2 anthus) (H. annuus L. ) 50 ( Seiler, 2002), 1976 (USDA2ARS), : ; : : ( ) 3 Author for correspondence ( E2mail: wanglsh@ ibcas1ac1cn; liugs@ ibcas1ac1cn) :

2 (Dec. 29, 2004, ARS: the U. S. Department of Agricultureπs Chief Scientific Re2 search Agency) ( http: / / seed. agron. ntu. edu. tw /germp lasm /chinagerm. htm l. ), (, 1994),, ( Schneiter, 1997),, (, 2006;, 2006),, (Charles & Sando, 1925),,, 1 111, ,, OLYMPUS C730UZ,,,, 172, (Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, RHSCC) RHSCC ( ), 4 (A B C D ), RHSCC, RHSCC (Voss, 1992; W ang et al., 2004) ( Spectrophotometer, NF333,, C /2 ) ( International Comm ission on Illum ination, C IE) C IE L 3 a 3 b 3 L 3 a 3 b 3, L 3 a 3 b 3 L , ; a 3, ; b 3, C 3 h : C 3 = ( a b 3 2 ) 1 /2, h = arctan ( b 3 /a 3 ) C 3 L 3,, (Voss, 1992; W ang et al., 2004), L 3 a 3 b 3 5, (, 2006) ( high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) ( Tian et al., 2005) D IONEX P680, D IONEX PDA2100; D IONEX TCC2100; TOSOH TSK2GEL ODS280TS ( < 416 mm 150 mm ) : g, ( = ) 24 h, 0145 m, - 20 A 115% ; B = m 10 L, 40, 018 ml m in - 1 : 0 m in, 40% B; 40 m in, 85% B; 50 m in, 40% B, 530

3 6 : 865 nm, (, 2006) (HPLC - ESI - MS/MS n ), Agilent 1100 LC /MSD Trap VL : ; 35, 018 ml m in - 1, 10 L A : 011% ; B : : 0 m in, 40% B; 40 m in, 85% B; 50 m in, 40% B, 520 nm ( ESI),,,, (m /z) : ; ( SIM ) MS n V, Pa, V, 350, (N 2 ) 810 L m in - 1, C ID 30% LC /MSD Trap 512 ( Cuyckens & Claeys, 2004; Eichhorn & W interhalter, 2005; Tian et al., 2005; Montoro et al., 2006) M icrosoft Office Excel 2003, SPSS ,,,, ( 1, a b) ( 1, c d) ( 1, l) ( 1, k), ( 1, e f g) ( 1, h) ; ( 1, b) ( 1, a c d e f g h i j k l) F ig. 1 1 The ornam en ta l sunflowers of d ifferen t flora l colors

4 RHSCC,, RHSCC 3B 15A,, (Lemon) (O range) ; RHSCC 46A 59A, (Red) (NF333), C IE L 3 a 3 b 3 : a , RH2 SCC ; b , RHSCC ; L , RHSCC ;,, ( 1) 1 Table 1 The sam ple of the sunflowers and the C IE L 3 a 3 b 3 coord ina te Samp le classes RHSCC L 3 a 3 b 3 C h / The group of red 46A 59A The group of orange 7A 15A The group of lemon 3B 9B :, n = 5 Note: Data showed mean standard deviation, n = 5. (NF333) a 3, b 3, 172 a 3 b 3, ( 2), 22 ( 2, 2a), 14, 6 ( 2, 2b21) 8 ( 2, 2b22), 2, ( 2, 2a), a 3, 10 30, ( 2, 2b), b , 1 a ( 2, 2b21) 1 c ( 2, 2b22) 212 F ig. 2 C IE L 3 a 3 b 3 2 The C IE L 3 a 3 b 3 d istr ibuting of the d ifferen t colors of the sunflower HPLC HPLC 36 9 (A B C D E F G H I), 2,,, G 100%, ; G ( 97% ) C (3% ) ;,, G ( 75% ), C (17% ), (H 3%, E 2%, D F I 1% ), 2 Table 2 The rela tive con ten t of an thocyan in s in The kinds of flower color d ifferen t flora l color groups /% A B C D E F G H I O range Lemon Red

5 6 : , G, G, 65%, A 1% LC /MS,, ( 3) HPLC 287, ( 3, A ) ( 3, F) ( 3, C) 3 F ig. 3 HPLC chroma togram s of an thocyan in s in sunflowers 3 Table 3 HPLC - ES I - M S /M S n ana lysis and ten ta tive iden tif ica tion of flower p igm en ts in sunflower Anthocya2 Peak Molecular mass Tentative identification nins No. No. A (Cy), [M + H ] +, [M +Na ] + - Cyandin2glucoside B (Cy), [M + H ] +, [M +Na ] Cyandin2malonyl2glucoside C (Cy), [M + H ] +, [M +Na ] + - Cyandin2arabinoside D (Cy), [M + H ] +, [M +Na ] + - Cyandin2malonyl2glucuronic2acid E (Cy), [M + H ] + - Cyandin2glucuronic acid F (Cy), [M + H ] +, [M +Na ] +, G Maybe the isomeric compound of G [ Cy2Rham2Na ] + G (Cy), [M + H ] +, [M +Na ] Cyandin2malonyl2rhamnoside H 8 Not available I 9 Not available 3,,,, (Hashimoto et al., 2000),, RHSCC,,, Charles Sando (1925) Schneiter (1997) LC /MS,, ( 3), (L 3 ) ( 1),,

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