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1 in vitro αα In Vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase Inhibitory Effects of Herbal Tea Leaves from Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2 1, 2, *, 1 2, 3 Yuto Ueda 1, Shintaro Sugahara 1, Yasushi Matsuda 1, 2, Tatsuro Murata 1, 2, Yasuhiro Kuroda 3, Yoshikazu Hoshi 1, 2, Kiyotaka Kabata 1, 2, Masateru Ono 1, 2, Keiji Igoshi 1, 2 1, 2, * and Shin Yasuda 1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 2 School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 3 School of Engineering, Tokai University *: *Corresponding author: Shin Yasuda (Division of Functional Food Science, Institute of Advanced Biosciences) [] Smallanthus sonchifolius, /.,,. 2 α , α , α-. [Abstract] Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) has been regionally used as a folk medicine for the people suffering from diabetes and digestive/renal disorders. This study aims to examine multi-functional role of the hot-water extract of herbal tea leaves from yacon, especially in the field of anti-diabetes. The extract demonstrated inhibiting capacity in α-glucosidase assay with fold and in α-amylase assay with fold of acarbose, a drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes. These results may indicate the potential of the herbal tea leaves from yacon to manage hyperglycemia in view of α-glucosidase inhibitor. 1. [Key Words] Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acarbose Smallanthus sonchifolius,.,,,,,, [1].,, /,,,, [1, 2].., [2]., /. [3]., [4], [5], [6] [7]., [8], [9], [10].,, 1 O 2-33

2 [11].,, , 316 6, ,., 15.5%, 9.8%, 2006., IDF,, ,500, 2,830.,, ,200.,,, β, [12]. 90% 2,,,,, [13-15].,, [13, 14].,, α-, α-1,4-,.,, α-, α-1,4-,.,., α-α-,.,, α- α-, [15-17]., 2, 19%[16].,,,,, [18-21]., Juncus effusus L. Juncaceae, α-α-, [22].,, in vitro α- α-.,,. 2. 1) α - α- [22].,, 470 µg/ml IC 50 Figure 1. IC µg/ml., α-., IC 50 >2,000 µg/ml, IC µg/ml [22].,, α-.,, 1 mg mg Bulletin of the Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Vol.1, March

, 1 g0.0776 g [11].,,, [23], α- [24-26]., [27]α- [28, 29], α-. α-. Figure 2.

Data shown represent mean ± S.D. from three experiments. Acarbose was used as the standard sample.

Effect of hot-water extract from herbal tea leaves from yacon in α-glucosidase inhibition assay.

2) α- α- [22].,, 582 µg/ml IC 50 Figure 2. IC 50 21.5 µg/ml., α-.

3 , 1 g g [11].,,, [23], α- [24-26]., [27]α- [28, 29], α-. α-. Figure 2. Effect of hot-water extract from herbal tea leaves from yacon in α-amylase inhibition assay. Data shown represent mean ± S.D. from three experiments. Acarbose was used as the standard sample. Figure 1. Effect of hot-water extract from herbal tea leaves from yacon in α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Data shown represent mean ± S.D. from four experiments. Acarbose was used as the standard sample. 2) α- α- [22].,, 582 µg/ml IC 50 Figure 2. IC µg/ml., α-., IC 50 >2,500 µg/ml, IC 50 1,990 µg/ml [22].,, α-.,,, α- [30, 31]. [27], α- [31], ) AEIC α-α- Figure 1 Figure 2 IC 50 Table 1.,,.,, [11].,, IC 50, AEIC: acarbose equivalent inhibiting capacity[22].,. AEIC, IC 50 IC 50.,, IC 50 µg/ml µm, 1.00, 0., α- α-, α-α- 35

4 AEIC, <0.307 < , AEIC, [22]., α-, α- α µmol AE/g D.W.[22]., α-, µmol AE/g D.W.., α-, µmol AE/g D.W.. Table 1. IC 50 values and acarbose equivalent inhibiting capacity of hot-water extract from yacon tea leaves in α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays. AEIC ** IC 50 value * (µg/ml) (g AE/g of Yacon tea leaves Acarbose α-glucosidase α-amylase extract) Yacon tea leaves (275) *** (15.9) *Data shown represent mean value from four experiments (see Figure 1) and three experiments (see Figure 2). Acarbose was used as the standard sample. **AEIC value was defined as the ratio of IC 50 value (acarbose (µg/ml)/test sample (µg/ml)). AE, acarbose equivalent. ***Data shown in parentheses are AEIC (µmol AE/g D.W.). D.W., dry weight of yacon tea leaves., 92, 27 α-α- [32]., // 2 : 2 : 1, α- α-, 1 g µmol AE/g D.W.. AEIC, [32] 1 g µmol AE/g D.W.. α- 275 µmol AE/g D.W., α µmol AE/g D.W.Table 1., α-, α-, 34.6 Bulletin of the Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Vol.1, March , α- α-.,, α ,,,,,. 4. [1] Ojansivu et al., Trends Food Sci. Tech. 22, 40 (2011) [2] Delgado et al., Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 68, 222 (2013) [3] Campos et al., Food Chem. 135, 1592 (2012) [4] Yan et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 47, 4711 (1999) [5] Oliveira et al., Food Chem. Toxicol. 59, 256 (2013) [6] Genta et al., Clin. Nutr. 28, 182 (2009) [7] Habib et al., Chem. Biol. Interact. 194, 31 (2011) [8] Lin et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 67, 2154 (2003) [9] Valentova et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 5577 (2005) [10] Aybar et al., J. Ethnopharmacol. 74, 125 (2001) [11] Sugahara et al., J. Food Sci. 80, C2420 (2015) [12], 55, 485 (2012) [13] Matsui et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 60, 2019 (1996) [14] Kumar et al., Pharmacogn Rev. 5, 19 (2011) [15] Satoh et al., J. Ethnopharmacol. 161, 147 (2015) [16] Chiasson et al., Lancet. 359, 2072 (2002) [17] Hu et al., Clin Ther. 37, 1798 (2015) [18], 54, 131 (2001) [19], 124, 217 (2004)

5 [20], 60, 673 (2009) [21] Rios et al., Planta Med. 81, 975 (2015) [22], 35, 1 (2016) [23] Valentova et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 1347 (2006) [24] Matsui et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68, 2239 (2004) [25] Kwon et al., J. Food Biochem. 32, 15 (2008) [26] Ma et al., J. Med. Chem. 51, 6188 (2008) [27] Chagas et al., Plant Med. 81, 1296 (2015) [28], 126, 665 (2006) [29] Gao et al., Food Chem. 106, 1195 (2008) [30] Rohn et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 3566 (2002) [31] Narita and Inouye, J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 9218 (2009) [32] Feng et al., Am. J. Chin. Med. 41, 849 (2013) Sugahara, S., Ueda, Y., Fukuhara, K., Kamamuta, Y., Matsuda, Y., Murata, T., Kuroda, Y., Kabata, K., Ono, M., Igoshi, K. and Yasuda, S., Antioxidant Effects of Herbal Tea Leaves from Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) on Multiple Free Radical and Reducing Power Assays, Especially on Different Superoxide Anion Radical Generation Systems, J. Food Sci. 80, C2420-C2429 (2015). 2.,,,,,,. In vitro --, 35, 1-7 (2016) 1),,,,,,,,, : -. 19,

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Nguyen Hien Trang* **

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