QUATERNARY SC IENCES

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1 QUATERNARY SC IENCES Vol. 25, No. 1 January, (2005) (, ;, ), , d, d, d, d, , P468, P46, Q A,, [ 1 3 ] [ 4, 5 ],,,, [ 3, 6 8 ],,, 30 1 ( ),,,,,,, [ 9 ] [ 10, 11 ],,,,,,,,, (1869 ),,,,,, (1887 ), (,,) ( 1),, 30,, ,, , , ( d) 35, 4016 ( ) mm [ 12 ] 3 :() : 42 E2mail: xfang@bnu. edu. cn 3 ( : KZCX3 - SW - 321) ( : ) ,

1888 1916, 0137 1890 P468, P46, Q948. 112.

2 1 : , [ 14 ],,, ( ) [ 15 ] ( 1),, 1, 1 3 [ 15, 16 ], 3 1 Table 1 Modern phenophases of some sp ring species in Changsha 1 () Fig. 1 Sites recorded in the Xiangqilou D iary,, ;,, ;, [ 5 ], [ 1, 2, 4, 6 ],, ,, [ 13 ],, ,,,, (3 25 ),,,, 3 4, 6, ( 2), 29 27,, 1889,, ,, , ( 3)

1 Sites recorded in the Xiangqilou D iary,, ;,, ;, [ 5 ], [ 1, 2, 4, 6 ],, 1888 1916,, [ 13 ],, 3 1888 1916

3 Table 2 Comparison on intervals between the first bloom ing, full bloom ing, and shatter dates of peach tree recorded in the Xiangqilou D iary - /d - /d 1891 / 3 23 ( ) 3 28 ( ) - < ( ) 3 24 ( ) ( ) 3 30 ( ) ( ) 3 23 ( ) ( ) 3 31 ( ) ( -, + ) Table 3 Series of p lants phenophases anomaly in sp ring during around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province /d (3 1 ) , , , , ,,, ,, (), , , , ,,, , 18, 3333,, 33333, 27, ,,10 ( ) 1. 75, 17, ,, 12,

during 1888 1916 around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province /d 1888 3 22-3 1889 2 25 (3 1 ) - 4 1890 3 29, 3-7 1891 3 28, + 7 1892 3 19 + 4 1893 3 24 + 9 1894 3 24 33 + 5 1895 3 21 333 + 7 2 16,

4 1 : d (3),5 ( 2) : 1) , 3142d; 2) , d; 3) , 5117d,, 1890 ( ) 4189d, 1900( ) 2122d, ( ) 4129d Fig ( a) ( b)3( ) 5 2 Anomaly of p lants phenophases in sp ring during around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province and its comparison with the temperature in March in Shanghai , (7 ) 3, (9 )6 (2) 11 12a ( 4) 5 ( , 5a), 10a, 4 / Table 4 Intervals of extremely early or late years of phenophase (/d) 1890 ( - 7) 1902 ( - 11) 1914 ( - 9) 1893 ( + 9) /1896 ( + 10) 1905 ( + 15) 1916 ( + 15) 1898 ( + 9) 1909 ( + 13) /a ,( ), , ( 27, 0101), , [ 16 ] : y = 2105x x (1) y ( d) x ( ),, ( 1) y, , 0137,, 1890( ) 0158, 1900 ( ) 0123, ( ) 0151, [ 17 ],

2 1888 1916 3 ( a) 1888 1916 ( b)3( 1951 1980 ) 5 2 Anomaly of p lants phenophases in sp ring during 1888 1916 around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province and its comparison with the temperature

5 ,, [ 18 ] (105 E, N )2 000 [ 4 ], 30,,, , 1900,, , , 3122d, , 0137,, ,, 1890 (R efe rence s) 1,,.. :, Gong Gaofa, Zhang Piyuan, Wu Xiangding et al. Research Methods on the Historical Climate Change. Beijing: Science Press, :, Zhang Piyuan. H istorical Climate Change in China. Jinan: Shandong Science & Technology Press, : :, Man Zhim in. Proxy data and its p roblem in the historical literature. In: Research Center of the Chinese H istorical Geography of Fudan University ed. H istorical Geography Facing to the New Century Proceedings of 2000 International Symposium on Chinese H istorical Geography. Jinan: Q ilu Press, ,, , 2002, 22 (2) : Ge Quansheng, Zheng Jingyun, Fang Xiuqi et al. Temperature changes of winter2half2year in eastern China during the past years. Q uaternary Sciences, 2002, 22 (2) : ,.. :, Chu Kochen,W anm inwei. Phenology. Changsha: Hunan Education Press, , 1973, (2) : Chu Kochen. A preliminary study on the climate changes since the last years in China. Scientia S inica, 1973, (2) : ,, ω.. :. ( ). :, Gong Gaofa, Zhang Piyuan, Zhang Jinrong. Changes of phenophases in Beijing. In: Hou Renzhi ed. Environment Change (1). Beijing: China Ocean Press, , 2004, 6 (1) : Zhu Xiaoxi. Climatic information from A. D. D iary. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2004, 6 (1) : in W eizhai 9 ( ), ( ).. :, W ang Kaiyun (Ma Jigao ed). Xiangqilou D iary. Changsha: Yuelu Press, :, Xiao A i. B iography of W ang Xiangqi. Changsha: Yuelu Press, :, W ang Daigong. Chronicle of W ang Xiangqiπs L ife. Taiwan: The Commercial Press, :, Data Center of W eather Bureau of Hunan Province ed. Hunan Agroclimate. Changsha: Hunan Science & Technology Press, :, Editing Group of the Calendar. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, Chinese year Calendar ,,.. :, Zhang Fuchun, W ang Dehui, Q iu Baojian. Agro2phenological A tlas of China. Beijing: Science Press, ,.., 1983, 38 (3) : Gong Gaofa, Jian W eim in. On the geographical distribution of phenodate in China. A cta Geographica S inica, 1983, 38 (3) : ,,. 40., 2002, 47 (20) : Zheng Jingyun, Ge Quansheng, Hao Zhixin. Impacts of climate warm ing on p lants phenophases in China for the last 40 years. Chinese Science B ulletin, 2002, 47 (20) : ,,..

H istorical Climate Change in China. Jinan: Shandong Science & Technology Press, 1996. 197 224 1 3.. :. 2000. :, 2000. 56 75 Man Zhim in. Proxy data and its p roblem in the historical literature.

6 1 : , 1998, 9 (4) : W ang Shaowu, Ye Jinlin, Gong Daoyi et al. Construction of mean annual temperature series for the last one hundred years in China. Q uarterly Journal of Applied M eteorology, 1998, 9 (4) : , , 1990, 48 (1) : W ang Shaowu, W ang R isheng. Variations of seasonal and annual temperatures during AD in eastern China. Acta M eteorologica S inica, 1990, 48 (1) : CHANGES O F PLANTS PHENO PHASES AND TEM PERATURE IN SPR ING D UR ING ARO UND CHANGSHA AND HENGYANG IN HUNAN PRO V INCE Fang Xiuqi Xiao L ingbo Ge Quansheng Zheng J ingyun ( School of Geography, B eijing N orm al U niversity, B eijing ; Institute of Geographical Sciences and N atural R esources Research, Chinese Academ y of Sciences, B eijing ) Abstract H istorical recordation is one of the highlighted p roxy data for reconstruction of past environment changes, in which China has a great advantage for abundant historical literature. Among the sources of historical records on environm ent change, ancient dairies are important and contain p lenty of climatic inform ation undiscovered. In this paper, a diary named Xiangqilou D iary, which was w ritten by W ang Kaiyun in the late Q ing Dynasty, has been discovered. W ang Kaiyun had w ritten his diary between 1869 to lot of valuable recordation on phenology and weather. In the dairy, there are a The records are especially valuable during the years from 1887 to 1916 when W ang Kaiyun lived in the area around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province, which may p rovide continuous p roxy data for reconstructing the environment change of the area. B ased on the phenological records on typ ical p lant species ( peach, p lum, ap ricot, peony, cherry, crab app le and redbud) collected from the Xiangqilou D iary, a series of annual p lants phenophases anomaly in sp ring during around Changsha and Hengyang in Hunan Province has been reconstructed. the p resent phonological date around Changsha and Hengyang, To compare with the average phenophase in sp ring during was 3122d later than the p resent day. According to the 52year running mean of the phonological anom aly series, the phenophases during can be divided into three phases. That is the phenophases was 3142d later than p resent during , 5133d earlier in average during the three yearswith records in , and 5117d later during The decadal mean phenophases were later than the mean of the p resent day, in which 4189d later in the 1890 s( ), 2122d later in 1900 s ( ), and 4. 29d later in the first 7 years of the 1910 s( ). A s a natural record of the climate change, phenopheses can objectively reflect temperature changes. Because the phenophases during was generally later than nowadays, it can be inferred that the climate during was colder than the p resent day. The average sp ring temperature during was about 0137 lower than now, in which itwas lower in the 1890 s, 0123 lower in the 1900 s, and 0151 lower in the 1910 s. Changsha back to the 1890 s. The result analyzed in this paper is helpful for extending the history of sp ring temperature change in Key words Xiangqilou D iary, Changsha and Hengyang, phenology, historical climate

Variations of seasonal and annual temperatures during 1470 1979 AD in eastern China.

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