Non-volcanic Hot Springs from Deep Wells in the Nobi Plains

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1 // **/ Non-volcanic Hot Springs from Deep Wells in the Nobi Plains Tetsuo MIYAZAKI Emeritus Professor of Nagoya University Abstract There are about 0* non-volcanic hot springs from deep wells ranging from 2** to +,2** m deep in the Nobi Plains. The properties of the hot springs, such as depth of the wells, temperature, and concentration of ions, are summarized. The anions in the hot springs consist mainly of three ions of HCO -,CO -, and Cl ions in various ratios, while the val of other anions are less than +.1 of total anions. The distribution map of Cl ions in hot springs deeper than 2** m under the Nobi Plains was made. The hot springs, which contain Cl ions at high concentration, were found even in the region far from the seaside. The origin of Cl ions was discussed by a model of fossil sea water before ca. +0 million years and/or a model of concentration of Cl ions. Key words : Nobi Plains, Deep well, Hot spring, Origin of Cl ions, Fossil sea water, Concentration of Cl ions : Cl ,/** m 1

2 2 2** m + 0* 2** m +,** *. Ma -.** Ma ,0** + /** +** 0 +. Fig. + Hot springs from deep wells and geologic map in the Nobi Plains. The number corresponds to a site of hot spring shown in Table +. White area : Quaternary and Neogene (*. Ma), Dotted area : Paleogene and Mesozoic (,.** Ma). and represent the tops of Mt. Ibuki (+,-11 m in height), Mt. Gozaisho (+,,+* m in height), and Mt. Sanage (0,3 m in height), respectively. R. in Fig. + represents a river. A small figure in the left-hand square shows a position of the Nobi Plains in the Japanese Island. + + :. - *. Ma : -.** Ma +,-11 m +,,+* m 0,3 m R.

3 // **/ 3 0,*** **. **., + + 2** +,2** m, +,-** m +30/ 1. +* +31/ 2. +* +32/ 3..* +33/**..* +** m - +.*+/ *.*0, +.*. Na,Ca,K,Mg *.32. *.*., Cl,HCO -,CO - *.32- *.*,/ ph , ; ; ; ,. Na 2 Cl -, HCO - CO - Cl + F,SO. - Cl, Cl, -

4 4 Table + Hot springs deeper than 2** m under the Nobi Plains + 2** m Site number a Site name b Depth (m) Temp. ( ) Cations (mg/l) Anions (mg/l) Measurement c - CO Na Ca K Mg Cl HCO - +, -. / * ++ +, / ,*,+,,,-,.,/,0,1,2,3 -* -+ -, / *.+.,.- Kiboso Green H. Kataoka O. Komono O. Ageki O. Yuyu. Yoro O. Ikeda O. Nanno O. Tado O. Yo. Namiki O. Ta. Shinsei O. Anpachi O. Kaizu-cho Kaizu O. Hashima O. Asa. Gifu O. Sofue O. Owa. Eiwa O. Nagas. + Nagas., Nagas. - Nagas.. Kiso. Owari O. Kanie-cho Tomi. Yatomi O. Ichi. Daina. Coro. Toyo O. Tobi. + Tobi., Reicho O. Tokon. Mihama O. Uotomo Shirasu. +/** +2** +1** +/** +1-* +,/* 33* +,3* +*0* +-1* +,0* +1** +.** +0** +0/* +-/* +.** ++** ++** +*** ++** +,0/ +/** -,42./ , * /,4+,/4. -,42,14+.24* -24- /+42,34, - -/.34. /2 /,4- /.41 0,42 /+42 /*4..,43 -,4*.,4,.* //.04+ //4+ /* / *4/ +2/.,2,43 --2, /0.41,*+4/,3, ,, , //, 2,,40 ++/* , *,*+43 +,, , * +1/ /,4* +++,, ,0**,*/3..3*,,-* 21-* +4/ *4/ * 2*/,, *.41,4, /143 /104, 20/ *.040-0/ -4/, /4, 04* , ++4/ / +1+* -* , -4/, / ++,.1* *43,4+.* 04/ * -4.,4+ +-4,,4+ -4* , , *,4+ /41 /4,,4/ / 04-34, /4/, / / , ,* *40 *41,+*4/,3,41,41 *4. +4* +-4/ 3* ,-34, *4/ 1+42,4, +/4- *41,4/ *41,+/ ,, * ,4-,143 +* , +*242 -/,4- -/42.-1/ / * ,42.-*4..,+- //23.,.0 1/ -0,04.,.+*.14/ , 2*41 1*4/, , , //,*,20 -,43 +1*,/+43,++,32* /-.,./-* -..* +./** 3/.43,*,+24.,-/4/ 3/4, /014, 0/141 +-* /+-40 +/14..*-43 +, ,,224,,,43,* ,//41,+4/ +-/ +.34/ -+3 0,/4. --/40./*4/,1/4-,124-,1-4-,2143,0+,., *4/ +,,4, +,2 +2/4- +2/,*0* 1/ -3+* / * 04* 14, 34* 14, ,40 +4/ 04* 0/4, +240 *4*,. -4* * /4+ * *4/ *41 *4.,4/ +,41 *4- c-. c-0 c-. c-1 c-. c-. c-.

5 // **/ 5 Site Site Depth Temp. Cations (mg/l) Anions (mg/l) Measu- number a name b (m) ( ) Na Ca K Mg Cl HCO - CO - rement c.. San * /.3* +0+** +0+ *4-./ Ma. +-,*.04, 32/* +*/* ,/ +1+** Inuyama O. +/**./ +*, , +4,,/04/ +-4/.1 Rakki O. +***,2 02, 133-4/,.** +,42.2 Crown H.,24, /, Shirato..04+,2+* +2. / -*43.2** +03 /* JA. +*0*..4* 0,*/ ,241,34, 1/+2.*,1 /+ Gon. +/** / * /14* 1240,/4/ +-3** +3,* /4* /, Nagak. +2** --4, /+* / /- Ware.,/4+ +.0* +,.*.4, *4..,1* --4/ *41 /. Sanage O.,, -/40,4- * ,14* // Taka. +.** -04, /42.4/ +3,3 * /0 Oka.,34, /+*, /40 ++2* 0-4* /1 Ena. +*** // +0,34- -*,*4- +,4-.04* ,-41 /2 Inabu O. -.4, /4* +03,0*,4* /3 Naka. ++-*., 2*2-4. /43,2/4/ * Hira. 2** -.4.,.142,4* / 1.1* c-0 0+ Kuwana O. 2**.241 -,240 / +340,/4/ / , Fujimi O. 2** -*4. +04* /43-4, * /142 a.sites of hot springs are shown in Fig. +. b.abbreviations in this column are as follows. H. : hotel, O. : onsen, Yuyu. : Yuyu kaikan, Yo. : Yokkaichi onsen, Ta. : Tanigumi onsen, Asa. : Asahi no yu, Owa. : Owaritenou no yu, Nagas. +. : Nagashima onsen Nabana no sato, Nagas., : Nagashima onsen Kurhaus, Nagas. - : Nagashima-cho, Nagas.. : Nagashima onsen Yuami no shima, Kiso. : Kisosaki onsen, Tomi. : Tomiyoshi onsen, Ichi. : Ichinomiya onsen, Daina. : Dainagoya onsen, Coro. : Corona no yu, Tobi. + : Tobishima-mura, Tobi., : Tobishima onsen, Tokon. : Tokoname-shi, Shirasu. : Shirasuna no yu, San. : Hotel Sanmikan, Ma. : Hotel de marronnier Utsumi, Shirato. : Shiratori no yu, JA. : JA Aichi-chita, Gon. : Gongitsune no yu, Nagak. : Nagakute onsen, Ware. : Waremeike onsen, Taka. : Takasago onsen, Oka. : Okazaki Takechiyo onsen, Ena. : Enakyo yumoto onsen, Naka. : Nakatsugawa onsen, Hira. : Hirabari Tokai kenkosenta. c.concentrations of ions and temperature were measured by the following institutes. : Mie Prefectural Institute of Public Health, : Nagano Pharmaceutical Association, : Gifu Prefectural Institute of Public Health, c-. : Architectural Institute of Japan (Tokai), The Japanese Geotechnical Society (Tokai), and Nagoya Jiban Chosa Kenkyukai(+303), : Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, c-0 : Hot Spring Research Center, c-1 : Gifu Pharmaceutical University. a + b H : O : Yuyu. : Yo. : Ta. : Asa. : Owa. : Nagas. + : Nagas., : Nagas. - : Nagas.. : Kiso. : Tomi. : Ichi. : Daina. : Coro. : Tobi. + : Tobi., : Tokon. : Shirasu. : San. : Ma. : Shirato. : JA. : JA Gon. : Nagak. : Ware. : Taka. : Oka. : Ena. : Naka. : Hira. : c : : : c-. : +303 : c-0 : c-1 :

6 6 Cl Cl Cl, Tatsumi, +323 ; +33/ Fig., Relation of val ratio of (HCO - CO - ) Cl ions to val ratio of Cl ions in hot springs. : Cl hot springs from deep wells, : hot spring - of Yunoyama onsen (shallow well), :hot. - *. Ma /** spring of Sakakibara onsen (shallow well), : hot spring of Kakino onsen (shallow well), : underground water around Nagoya (+1- m deep, Sugisaki (+32/))., HCO - CO Cl : : : : Na, SO., Mg, Ca, : +1- m, +32/ K Cl. +** ; Demayo +32/ + /, ;.. ;.3 ; -,2 ; - Cl d x d +33+ d x x Cl x Cl +** d d Na d SO. d Mg d Ca d K -/ +33+,3.*,-.-,0.- -/,-3 - SO. Cl *.+. / Cl Cl

7 // **/ 7 Fig. - Distribution of Cl ions in hot springs deeper than 2** m under the Nobi Plains. The val ratios of Cl ions in hot springs are classified by the following three cases. : larger than,/-, : +/-/-, : less than +/-. Horizontal lines show the area where the ratios of Cl ions in hot springs are larger than,/-. A dashed line is drawn between tops of Mt. Gozaisho ( ) and Mt. Sanage ( ) (cf. Fig. 0). - Cl - :, - : : + - Cl, - 0 Cl, - -,3 SO. Cl *.**0, * SO. SO Cl,,* km +32/ +,* 3* m Cl +,.** +,0** m Cl,* km,* 3* m Cl +,.** +,0** m Cl 2** m Cl y Cl x / y 0,.*+1x/.2-3 R *.33- Cl

8 8 Cl Cl - Cl Cl, /. /0 Cl Cl *.**1, *.*31 Cl - 0 HCO - CO - Cl Cl Fig.. Comparison of ions in hot springs from deep wells with those in present sea water. The values are represented by weight ratios (+** times) of ions to Cl ions. : present sea water (Demayo, +32/), : Nagakute onsen (No. /, in Table +), : Hotel Sanmikan (No... in Table +), : Shiratori no yu (No..3 in Table +), : Kisosaki onsen (No.,2 in Table +).. Cl +** : Demayo, +32/ : + /, : +.. : +.3 : +,2 Table, E#ect of present sea on Cl ions in underground water and hot spring from deep wells, Cl Depth (m) Concentration of Cl ions (mg/l) Nagashima Kaizu (at seaside) (,* km far from seaside),* 3* a 3* +/* a +/*-* a +.** +0** b +/*****,* +**,* /*,-4. +* +** * +* * +* //23 a. Sugisaki (+32/). b. cf. Table +. a +32/ b +

9 // **/ 9 Fig. / Relation of di#erence (y) from sea water to the inverse (x) of val ratios of Cl ions in hot springs from deep wells. : data of hot springs. A solid line is a best fitted line for the data, represented by an equation of y 0,.*+1x /.2-3. / y Cl x : y 0,.*+1x/.2-3 Cl CO, HCO * +,0** ,*** + - Cl Cl +,0** *. Ma -.** Ma Cl Cl,.** /** / - Cl HCO - CO - SO..., -,.0 +*./ mg l Cl HCO - CO - SO.,.. 1+./ +., mg l Cl Cl SO. HCO - CO - Ca CaCO - Cl

10 10 Fig. 0 Di#erences from sea water and ratios of vals of anions ([HCO - CO - ]/[Cl ]) of hot springs from deep wells along a line between Mt. Gozaisho and Mt. Sanage (cf. a dashed line between and in Fig. -), shown in the upper figure. :di#erence from sea water, : ratio of vals ([HCO - CO - ]/[Cl ]). Geologic structure along the line between Mt. Gozaisho and Mt. Sanage, shown in the lower figure. White zone : Quoternary and Neogene (*. Ma), Dotted zone : Paleogene and Mesozoic (,.** Ma). 0 - HCO - CO - Cl : : HCO - CO - Cl :. - *. Ma : -.** Ma Cl Ca 1 Ca Ca Ca Cl Ca. 0* 2** m +,-** m HCO - CO - Cl

11 // **/ 11 Fig. 1 Val ratios of (HCO - CO - ) ions and Cl ions against concentration (mg/l) ofca ions in hot springs from deep wells. Concentration of Ca ions is represented by a logarithmic scale. : (HCO - CO - ) ions, :Cl ions. 1 HCO - CO - Cl Ca mg l Ca : HCO - CO - :Cl Cl + ** /1 **. :, Demayo, A. (+32/) : Elements in sea water, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, F-+.2, CRC Press, Florida, USA : + +/-1 **. : /1 No * : +2.0 / : +.

12 12 **. : / / : Tatsumi, Y. (+323) : Migration of fluid phases and genesis of basalt magmas, J. Geophys. Res., 3.,.031.1*1. +33/ : : -/., +33+ : 3 +// +01

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