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2 [2 ],, 90 %, [3 ], ;, [4 ],,, [5 ] 2, [6 ],,, [1 ], replacement refinement),, 4,3 1, 4 [10 ] [1 ] 2 2,42,,,, ;,,, [5 ] 1 [7 ],: (1),, T [8 ] T (2),T [9 ] 3,, (guinea pig maximisation test) 311 (occluded patch test of Buehler),,, 20,, 10,25,, R ( reduction

3 , [11 ], T, 1992 Enk Katz [12 ] CD80 CD86 CD40,CD54 IL21 [13 ] IL21, IL21mRNA 1995 ( European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods, ECVAM), IL21 : (1 %3 %) [6 ], [8 ] 31112, IL24 Π ( GM2CSF),TGF2, IL23 ( TGF2 ) [11 ] 1997 Aiba [14 ] 2,42,24 48 CD54 CD86 HLA2DR, 1997 Rutter [15 ] 5 ( 2,42 ) 1 () IL21 mrna5 IL21mRNA, 2,4 2, 50 % IL21mRNA,,,, IL21mRNA [16 ] [8 ] 31113, U937 THP21 MUTZ23 [17 ], THP21 CD86 CD54 MCH2 [18 ], CD40 CD83 TNF2 IL28, 3, [19 ] ;MUTZ23 HLA2DR CD54 CD86 ;U937 CD86 IL21 IL28 mrna [20 ] U937 THP21 MUTZ23 3 2,42, HLA2DR CD54 CD86 MUTZ23 THP21 CD86 MUTZ23, CD86 MUTZ23 [7 ] 312,Jerchow [21 ] 2001, Π Π 3,,, ( 2 ) 31211

4 , : Hel ,42,,, HaCaT Hel230 [22 ] 31212,,, Π 8, [16 ], CD54 MHC2 CD11c 2,42, IL21 IL26 IL212 IL218 mrna T, [16 ] 313 Π :,, [6 ] 21, [22 ] 1996 Kubilus [23 ],, IL21 E2,, [15 ],,,, 1999 Coquette [24 ] Hel230 HaCaT IL21 IL28 IL21mRNA,Kubilus,, IL21mRNA,, Hel230 IL21, mrna, IL28 [8 ] IL21 IL218 HaCaT,, 4 IL28 IL21 IL21mRNA [25 ],,2,42 MTT,,, 4 Π,,,,, ;,,,,,3R,; Π,,, ECVAM 3R,

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