Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission ANCIENT GREEK HIGHER LEVEL

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1 2007, M 2 Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2007 ANCIENT GREEK HIGHER LEVEL (400 marks) TIME: 3 Hours Page 1 of 7

2 1. Answer Section A or Section B: [50] A. Translate into Greek: Having ordered the others to guard the ship, Odysseus went with twelve comrades to seek for the people of this land. Soon they arrived at a great cave, in which no person was present; but there they found many lambs and kids and much cheese. They were so hungry that they immediately ate the cheese. Then the men thought that it would be best to flee. Odysseus wanted to meet the one who lived in the cave. If we wait here, he said, he will give us many gifts. cave: τ ντρον. lambs: ο ρνες. kid: ριφος. cheese: τυρ ς. I am hungry: πεινάω. I meet: ντυγχάνω (+ Dative Case). B. Read the following passage and answer, in English, the questions which follow: OR (The Greeks must make a difficult descent under pressure from the enemy. A Mysian man sets up a false ambush to delay the enemy and enable the Greeks to escape.) τ δ στεραί α π σαν ο Ελληνες. πε δ φοβο ντο τ ν κατάβασιν τ ν ε ς Τραπεζο ντα (πραν ς γ ρ ν κα στενή), ψευδενέδραν ποιήσαντο κα ν ρ Μυσ ς, τ ν Κρητ ν λαβ ν δέκα, µενεν ν λασί ω χωρί ω κα προσεποιε το το ς πολεµίους πειρ σθαι λανθάνειν α δ πέλται α τ ν λλοτε κα λλοτε διεφαίνοντο χαλκα ο σαι. ο µ ν ο ν πολέµιοι, τα τα διορ ντες, φοβο ντο ς νέδραν ο σαν δ στρατι ν το τ ω κατέβαινεν. πε δ δ κει δη καν ν πεληλυθέναι, τ Μυσ σήµηνε φε γειν ν κράτος κα ς ξαναστ ς φε γει κα ο σ ν α τ. κα ο µ ν Κρ τες κπεσ ντες κ τ ς δο ε ς λην κατ τ ς νάπας καλινδο µενοι σώθησαν, Μυσ ς δ κατ τ ν δ ν φε γων β α βοηθε ν κα βοήθησαν α τ, κα νέλαβον τετρωµένον. κα α το π π δα νεχώρουν βαλλ µενοι ο βοηθήσαντες κα ντιτοξε οντές τιν ς τ ν Κρητ ν. ο τως φίκοντο π τ στρατ πεδον πάντες σ οι ντες. πρανής: steep. ψευδενέδρα: a false ambush. λάσιος: bushy. προσποιέοµαι: I pretend. πέλτη: shield. νέδρα: ambush. νάπη: valley, ravine. καλινδέοµαι: I roll, tumble. τετρωµένος: wounded. (a) Why did the Greeks fear the descent to Trapezus? (5) (b) Whom did the Mysian man take with him when setting up the false ambush? (5) (c) Where did the Mysian set up the false ambush? (5) (d) What was the Mysian pretending to do? (5) (e) Explain how the ambushers made the enemy aware of their presence. (7) (f) What was the reaction of the enemy? (4) (g) When the signal to flee was given, how did the men who were with the Mysian reach safety? (6) (h) What did the Mysian himself do? (6) (i) While they were retreating on foot, describe what fighting was taking place. (7) Page 2 of 7

3 2. Translate into English any three of the passages A, B, C, D. (All passages in this question carry equal marks):- [180] A. (The Spartans respond to an Ionian request for aid by sending Thibron with troops. The Athenians agree to help them with some horsemen they consider expendable.) πε µέντοι Τισσαφέρνης σατράπης κατεπέµφθη, ε θ ς ξίου τ ς Ιωνικ ς π λεις πάσας αυτ πηκ ους ε ναι. α δ µα µ ν λε θεραι βουλ µεναι ε ναι, µα δ φοβο µεναι τ ν Τισσαφέρνην, ε ς µ ν τ ς π λεις ο κ δέχοντο α τ ν, ε ς Λακεδαίµονα δ πεµπον πρέσβεις. κα δ ξίουν, πε πάσης τ ς Ελλάδος προστάται ε σίν, πιµεληθ ναι κα σφ ν τ ν ν τ Ασί α Ελλήνων, πως τε χώρα µ δ ηο το α τ ν κα α το λε θεροι ε εν. ο ο ν Λακεδαιµ νιοι πέµπουσιν α το ς Θίβρωνα ρµοστήν, δ ντες στρατιώτας τ ν µ ν νεοδαµώδων ε ς χιλίους, τ ν δ λλων Πελοποννησίων ε ς τετρακισχιλίους. τήσατο δ Θίβρων κα παρ Αθηναίων τριακοσίους ππέας, ε π ν τι α τ ς µισθ ν παρέξει. ο δ πεµψάν τιν ς τ ν π τ ν τριάκοντα ππευσάντων, νοµίζοντες κέρδος τ δήµ ω ε π λοιντο. XENOPHON (60) ξι ω: I ask, demand. πήκοος (+ Dative Case): subject to. προστάτης: protector, champion. πιµελέοµαι (+ Genitive Case): I take care of. δ η ω: I ravage. ρµοστής: governor, harmost. νεοδαµώδης: newly enrolled citizen. π τ ν τριάκοντα: in the time of the Thirty Tyrants. τ κέρδος: gain. B. (Mourychides is sent with proposals to the Athenians now in Salamis. Lykides, a council member, makes a suggestion which results in unfortunate consequences.) πε δ ν Αθήν ησι γένετο Μαρδ νιος, πέµπει ς Σαλαµ να Μουρυχίδην, νδρα Ελλησπ ντιον. δ πικ µενος π τ ν βουλ ν λεγε τ παρ Μαρδονίου. τ ν δ βουλευτέων Λυκίδης ε πε γνώµην, ς ο δ κεε µεινον ε ναι δεξαµένους τ ν λ γον τ ν σφι Μουρυχίδης προσφέρει ξενε και ς τ ν δ µον. µ ν δ τα την τ ν γνώµην πεφαίνετο, ε τε δ δεδεγµένος χρήµατα παρ Μαρδονίου, ε τε κα τα τά ο άνδανε Αθηνα οι δ α τίκα δειν ν ποιησάµενοι, περιστάντες Λυκίδην κατέλευσαν βάλλοντες, τ ν δ Ελλησπ ντιον Μουρυχίδην πέπεµψαν σινέα. γενοµένου δ θορ βου ν τ Σαλαµ νι περ τ ν Λυκίδην, πυνθάνονται τ γιν µενον α γυνα κες τ ν Αθηναίων, π δ τ ν το Λυκίδεω ο κίην λθον α τοκελέες, κα κατ µ ν λευσαν α το τ ν γυνα κα, κατ δ λευσαν τ τέκνα. HERODOTUS (60) Ελλησπ ντιος: Hellespontian, from the Hellespont region. γνώµη: opinion. ο = α τ. τ ν = ν. ξενε και: Aorist Infinitive of κφέρω. νδάνω (+ Dative Case): I please. δειν ν ποιέοµαι: I am indignant. καταλε ω: I stone to death. σινής: unhurt. α τοκελής: unbidden, of one s own accord. Page 3 of 7

4 C. (Hermes recounts how, in response to a request from his brother Apollo, he has brought Apollo s new-born son from Athens to the temple at Delphi.) κ µ ν δελφ ς Φο βος α τε ται τάδε Ω σ γγον, λθ ν λα ν ε ς α τ χθονα κλειν ν Αθην ν ο σθα γ ρ θε ς π λιν λαβ ν βρέφος νεογν ν κ κοίλης πέτρας α τ σ ν γγει σπαργάνοισί θ ο ς χει νεγκε ελφ ν τ µ πρ ς χρηστήρια, κα θ ς πρ ς α τα ς ε σ δοις δ µων µ ν. τ δ λλ µ ς γάρ στιν, ς ε δ ς, πα ς µ ν µελήσει. Λοξί α δ γ χάριν πράσσων δελφ πλεκτ ν ξάρας κ τος νεγκα, κα τ ν πα δα κρηπίδων πι τίθηµι ναο το δ, ναπτ ξας κ τος λικτ ν ντίπηγος, ς ρ θ πα ς. EURIPIDES (60) κ µ = κα µέ. α τ χθων: native. τ βρέφος: infant. τ γγος: cradle. τ σπάργανον: swaddling-cloth. µ ν µελήσει: we will care for. Λοξίας: Loxias (a title of Apollo). πλεκτ ς: woven. τ κ τος: basket. α κρηπ δες: base, foundation. να ς: temple. ναπτ σσω: I open. λικτ ς: plaited. ντίπηξ: cradle. ρ θ = ρ το. D. (Athena has come down from Olympus to help the Greeks. Apollo suggests to her that they end the fighting for today.) τ ν πρ τερος προσέειπεν ναξ ι ς υ ς Απ λλων τίπτε σ δ α µεµαυ α, ι ς θ γατερ µεγάλοιο, λθες π Ο λ µποιο, µέγας δέ σε θυµ ς ν κεν; να δ αναο σι µάχης τεραλκέα νίκην δ ς; πε ο τι Τρ ας πολλυµένους λεαίρεις. λλ ε µοί τι πίθοιο, τ κεν πολ κέρδιον ε η ν ν µ ν πα σωµεν π λεµον κα δηϊοτ τα σήµερον στερον α τε µαχήσοντ, ε ς κε τέκµωρ Ιλίου ε ρωσιν, πε ς φίλον πλετο θυµ µ ν θανάτ ησι, διαπραθέειν τ δε στυ. HOMER (60) µεµαώς: desiring. νίηµι: I send. τεραλκής: decisive. λεαίρω: I pity. κερδίων: better. δηϊοτής: battle. τ τέκµωρ: end. πλετο: it was. διαπέρθω: I destroy utterly. Page 4 of 7

5 3. Answer either Section A or Section B in this question: [80] A. (i) Translate into English: (50) δ µείβετο λέγων βασιλε, ο τε στρατ ν το τον, στις γε σ νεσιν χει, µέµφοιτ ν ο τε τ ν νε ν τ πλ θος ν τε πλε νας συλλέξ ης, τ δ ο τοι τ λέγω πολλ τι πολεµιώτερα γίνεται. τ δ δ ο τα τα στ γ τε κα θάλασσα. ο τε γ ρ τ ς θαλάσσης στι λιµ ν τοσο τος ο δαµ θι, ς γ ε κάζω, στις γειροµένου χειµ νος δεξάµεν ς σευ το το τ ναυτικ ν φερέγγυος σται διασ σαι τ ς νέας. καίτοι ο κ να α τ ν δε ε ναι, λλ παρ π σαν τ ν πειρον παρ ν δ κοµίζεαι. ο κ ν δ ντων τοι λιµένων ποδεξίων, µαθ τι α συµφορα τ ν νθρώπων ρχουσι κα ο κ νθρωποι τ ν συµφορέων. κα δ τ ν δ ο τοι το τέρου ε ρηµένου τ τερον ρχοµαι ρέων. γ δ πολεµίη τ δέ τοι κατίσταται. AWORLD OF HEROES (ii) Answer any three of the following questions. They carry ten marks each: (30) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Who is Artabanos? What is Xerxes response to what he says in the passage above? What points do Artabanos and Xerxes each make in their disagreement concerning the Ionians? Discuss briefly Herodotus portrayal of the Spartans. On the basis of what you have read, assess Herodotus briefly as a writer and historian. Explain the mood of συλλέξ ης and the case of χειµ νος underlined in the passage above. B. (i) Translate into English: (50) ΠΑ. δέσποιν, φε νται πα δες ο δε σοι φυγ ς, κα δ ρα ν µφη βασιλ ς σµένη χερο ν δέξατ ε ρήνη δ τ κε θεν τέκνοις. α. τί συγχυθε σ στηκας νίκ ε τυχε ς; ΜΗ. α α. ΠΑ. τάδ ο ξυν ωδ το σιν ξηγγελµένοις. ΜΗ. α α µάλ α θις. ΠΑ. µ ν τιν γγέλλων τ χην ο κ ο δα, δ ξης δ σφάλην ε αγγέλου; ΜΗ. γγειλας ο γγειλας ο σ µέµφοµαι. ΠΑ. τί δα κατηφε ς µµα κα δακρυρροε ς; ΜΗ. πολλή µ νάγκη, πρέσβυ τα τα γ ρ θεο κ γ κακ ς φρονο σ µηχανησάµην. ΠΑ. θάρσει κάτει τοι κα σ πρ ς τέκνων τι. ΜΗ. λλους κατάξω πρ σθεν τάλαιν γώ. ΠΑ. ο τοι µ νη σ σ ν πεζ γης τέκνων κο φως φέρειν χρ θνητ ν ντα συµφοράς. ΜΗ. δράσω τάδ. THE INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION (ii) Answer any three of the following questions. They carry ten marks each: (30) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Explain how Medeia uses her children to harm Kreon and his daughter. Is Medeia portrayed as unwavering and cold-blooded in relation to the murder of her children? Justify your answer. Describe the character of Jason as presented in this play. Comment briefly on the role of the Chorus in this play. Scan line 1 of the piece above. Mark the quantities, and name the metre. Page 5 of 7

6 4. Answer three of the following questions. At least one question must be chosen from Section A and one question from Section B. The third question may be chosen from either Section A or Section B. (Each question carries thirty marks): [90] A. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Identify the main factors that in your view caused Athens to lose the Peloponnesian War ( BC). Outline the circumstances leading up to the Battle of Cunaxa in 401 BC, the course of the battle itself, and what happened subsequently to the Greeks involved in it. In your view, what is the importance of this episode in Greek history? Alexander the Great was a ruthless warlord whose many successes cannot conceal the flaws of his character or outweigh the atrocities that he committed. Comment on this statement. Write notes on any two of the following: Draco; Cleisthenes; Brasidas; Battle of Mantinea. B. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) You have been chosen by the Athenians to deliver the funeral speech in honour of Sophocles. Write out what you would say, commenting on Sophocles importance in the development of tragedy and making reference to at least two of his plays. Write an account of the life of Thucydides and assess his importance as an historian. The Parthenon was not included among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Making detailed reference to its main features, say whether you think it is worthy of being added as an Eighth Wonder. Having looked at photographs A, B and C below, answer two of the following questions: (a) (b) (c) Photograph A shows Achilles killing the Amazon queen. Is the vase in the Black Figure or Red Figure style? Comment on the artist s presentation of the scene. Photograph B is a recreation of the interior of the temple of Apollo at Bassae. Identify the features of architectural interest in the drawing. Photograph C shows Herakles, helped by Athena, holding up the sky while Atlas brings the apples of the Hesperides. To what period does the sculpture belong? Comment on the sculptor s presentation of the scene. Page 6 of 7

7 A B C Photographs A, B and C are taken from John Boardman, Greek Art, Thames and Hudson. Page 7 of 7

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