διαπεράσαντος aorist active participle διαπεράω = cross (over) under BAGD 187b. Rare.

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1 1 Mark 5:21-43 (5:21) διαπεράσαντος aorist active participle διαπεράω = cross (over) under BAGD 187b. Rare. πλοῖον, ου, τό = ship (of any kind, though especially a merchant ship), (of rather large sea-faring ships), boat (of the small fishing vessels on Lake Genessaret), (quite generally) under BAGD 673a. πέραν = (adverb) (of place) on the other side, (used as substantive with the article) the shore (or) land on the other side, (in a number of places περαν του Ιορδανου functions as an indeclinable name for the territory on the other (eastern) side of the Jordan, Peraea) under BAGD 643b. συνήχθη aorist passive συνάγω = gather (in), bring (or) call together, gather (a number of persons), reconcile, lead (or) bring under BAGD 782a. ἦν imperfect active εἰμί. θάλασσα, ης, ἡ = sea, (of specific seas), (of the Mediterranean Sea), lake (a Semitic usage, compare the explanation in Aristotle, Meteor. 1.13) under BAGD 350a. του Ιησου ἐν τω πλοιω 1 παλιν εἰς το περαν 2 Grammatical note = Genitive Absolute. A genitive absolute is a special use of the adverbial participle that provides background information or describes concurrent action. It is absolute because it is not grammatically dependent on the rest of the sentence. Because the subject of the main verb and the subject of the participle are distinct, the genitive case is employed. In the following example (which is not a 1 {D} του Ιησου ἐν τω אπλοιω A (B omit τω) C K L Δ Π goth Diatessaron a. ἐν τω πλοιω του Ιησου W. του Ιησου P 45 D Θ f 1 syr s arm geo. 2 {D} παλιν εἰς το אπεραν c A B C K L W Δ Π (goth) arm geo Augustine. παλιν ἠλθεν εἰσ το περαν f 13 (cop sa omit παλιν). εἰς το περαν *אπαλιν D 565 syr p cop bomss. εἰς το περαν Θ syr s Diatessaron a. παλιν P 45 it f.

2 2 genitive absolute), the subject of the participle is also the subject of the main verb But if an author wants to communicate background information or a concurrent action involving a different object, the genitive case is used so that the subject of the main verb is not grammatical confused with the subject of the participle. The genitive absolute contains the following features: 1. The participle and its subject are in the genitive case. 2. The participle is always adverbial and will therefore be anarthrous. 3. The participle is usually temporal. 4. The construction will typically be at the beginning of a verse or sentence. 5. The construction is found most frequently in narratives. See KMP, , (5:22) ἀρχισυνάγωγος, ου, ὁ = leader (or) president of a synagogue (a term found also in pagan religions and given simply as a title, in our literature only with reference to the Jewish synagogue, of an official whose duty it was especially to take care of the physical arrangement for the worship services) under BAGD 113a. ἰδὼν aorist active participle ὁράω. πίπτω = fall (down from a higher point), (of something that until recently has been standing upright) fall (down), fall to pieces under BAGD 659a. πούς, ποδός, ὁ = foot, (of persons or [rarely in our literature] of animals or the strange creatures), (figurative) (the one who is vanquished lies beneath the victor s feet), the foot (as a measure of length) under BAGD 696b. Grammatical note = Dative Case. Possession. The dative of possession (which can be translated with belonging to ) represents a unique construction in which the dative possesses the subject of an equative verb (such as εἰμι, γινομαι, ὑπαρχω, focusing on a state of being), whether the subject is a person, thing, idea, or quality. Dana and Mantey describe the dative of possession as personal interest particularized to the point of ownership. The dative possession is roughly akin to the genitive of possession, except that generally the genitive of possession emphasizes the person who possesses while the dative possession is used to stress the object being possessed. Young isolates what he calls the dative of relationship because in English we do not normally speak of owning or possessing a person; as well as the dative of

3 3 identification in the case of personal names because weo do not usually think of people owning their names. However, it is best to treat these uses as instances of the dative of possession while duly noting Young s cautions. See KMP, and n23. Grammatical note = Adverbial Participles. Temporal. Based on its aspect, the participle can communicate the perfective (aorist participle), imperfective (present participle), or stative aspects (perfect participle). Perfective participles depict a given action wholistically, that is, as simple having occurred; imperfect participles portray an action progressively, that is, as ongoing or customary; and stative participles depict a state resulting from a preceding action or event. For more examples of perfective aspect participles, see Mark 5:22 (ἰδων). See KMP, and n18. (5:23) παρακαλέω = call to one s side, summon, invite someone (with infinitive following), summon to one s aid, call upon for help, appeal to, urge, exhort, encourage, request, implore, appeal to, etreat under BAGD 617a. θυγάτριον, ου, τό = little daughter (though the word can denote one who is marriageable) (also a term of endearment) under BAGD 365a. ἐσχάτως = be at the point of death under BAGD 314a. ἐλθὼν aorist active participle ἔρχομαι. ἐπιθῇς aorist active subjunctive ἐπιτίθημι = (active) lay (or) put opn, set upon, attack under BAGD 302b. χείρ, χειρός, ἡ = hand under BAGD 879b. σωθῇ - aorist passive subjunctive σῴζω = save, keep from harm preserve, rescue under BAGD 798a. ζήσῃ - future active subjunctive ζάω = live (of physical life in contrast to death), (of dead persons who return to life) become alive again, (of sick persons, if their illness terminates not in death but in recovery) be well, recover under BAGD 336a.

4 4 Grammatical note = Participles. Imperatival. Sometimes the participle functions independently as an imperative. This is grammatically different from attendant circumstance where a participle is used as an imperative if the main verb is also an imperative. In this case, the participle is not dependent on a main verb but functions as the main verb. One view is that the imperatival participle is used in order to communicate a softer, gentler appeal than the imperative mood. This view, however, has recently been challenged by Travis Williams who maintains that the function is used to engage the volition of the recipients in order to direct them toward a particular action and thus, the participle use is essentially equivalent to the finite imperative. He concludes, Most who have dealt with the issue have assumed that an author s employment of a form other than the finite verb brings with it a weakened force, or that in some sense he/she is holding back his/her authority. An examination of the evidence that this is not the case, however. Most of the NT occurrences are found in Romans 12 and 1 Peter. For more examples of imperatival participles, see Mark 5:23 (ἐλθων). See KMP, and n54. (5:24) ἀπῆλθεν aorist active ἀπέρχομαι = go away, depart, go (with indication of place) under BAGD 84b. ἠκολούθει imperfect active ἀκολουθέω = follow, (literally) come after, go along with under BAGD 31a. συνέθλιβον imperfect active συνθλίβω = press together, press upon someone (of a crowd of people) under BAGD 790a. Hapax in the NT. (5:25) γυνή, αικός, ἡ = woman, (of any adult female [virgins are included]), wife, (from the context the meaning) bride (may be possible), (of the woman in heaven) under BAGD 168a. οὖσα present active participle ἐιμί. ῥύσις, εως, ἡ = flowing, flow of blood, (a hemorrhage from which a woman suffered) under BAGD 738a. αἷμα, ατος, τό = blood, (literal) (of human blood), (of the blood of animals), (figurative) (as the seat of life), (blood and life as an expiratory sacrifice), (of the

5 5 [apocalyptic] red color, whose appearance in heaven indicates disaster under BAGD 22b. ἔτος, ους, ὁ = year under BAGD 316b. (5:26) παθοῦσα aorist active participle πάσχω = experience, be treated under BAGD 633b. ἰατρός, οῦ, ὁ = physician, (literal), (figurative) under BAGD 368b. δαπανήσασα aorist active δαπανάω = spend, spend freely, (literal with accusative as object) property, (figurative) wear out, exhaust, destroy under BAGD 171a. ὠφεληθεῖσα aorist passive participle ὠφελέω = help, aid, benefit, be of use (to) under BAGD 900b. μᾶλλον = more, rather, to a greater degree, for a better reason, rather, sooner, more (surely), more (certainly) under BAGD 489a. χεῖρον comparative κακός, ή, όν = (in the moral sense) bad, evil, (of the characteristics, actions, emotions, plans, of men) under BAGD 397b. ἐλθοῦσα aorist active participle ἔρχομαι. (5:27) ἀκούσασα aorist active participle ἀκούω. ἐλθοῦσα aorist active participle ἔρχομαι. ὄπισθεν = (as adverb) from behind, (as improper preposition with the genitive) behind, after (someone) under BAGD 574b. ἥψατο aorist middle ἅπτω = light, kindle (middle) touch, take hold of, hole someone (or) something, (literal) cling, (frequently of touching as a means of conveying a blessing [divine working by a touch of a hand]), (figurative) take hold of, touch (for the purpose of harming), injure under BAGD 102b.

6 6 ἱμάτιον, ου, τό = garment, (generally of any garment), cloak, robe under BAGD 376a. περι 3 (5:28) ἅψωμαι aorist middle subjunctive ἅπτω. σωθήσομαι future passive σῴζω. (5:29) ἐξηράνθη aorist passive indicative ξηραίνω = (active) dry, dry out something (passive) become dry, dry up, wither, (as plants are killed y drought, so the human body is damaged by certain harmful things) under BAGD 548b. πηγή, ῆς, ἡ = spring (of water), fountain, (figurative) of the place of origin or the cause of a full abundance of something under BAGD 655b. ἔγνω aorist active γινώσκω. Is this the usual form? σῶμα, ατος, τό = body (of a man or animal), dead body, corpse (so always in Homer and often later), the living body under BAGD 799a. ἴαται perfect passive ἰάομαι = heal, cure, (literal) heal someone, (figurative) (of deliverance from other ills of many kinds) under BAGD 368a. μάστιξ, ιγος, ἡ = whip, lash, (plural) lashing (or) lashes, (figurative) torment, suffering under BAGD 495a. (5:30) ἐπιγνοὺς aorist active participle ἐπιγινώσκω = know, understand, recognize, (with the preposition making its influence felt) know exactly, completely, through and through, recognize, know again someone (or) something, acknowledge, give recognition (to) someone, (with no emphasis on the preposition essentially = 3 {C} περι א c A C 2 D K L E Θ Π eth geo Diatessaron a. τα περι *א B C* Δ 1546 l 33.

7 7 γινωσκειν), know, learn, find out, notice, perceive, learn of, understand, know, learn to know under BAGD 291a. δύναμις, εως, ἡ = power, might, strength, force λαμβάνειν δ. receive power under BAGD 207a. ἐξελθοῦσαν aorist active participle ἐξέρχομαι = of living beings, almost always personal in nature) go out, come out, go away, retire under BAGD 274a. ἐπιστραφεὶς aorist passive participle ἐπιστρέφω = turn (in a religious-moral sense), turn around, turn back under BAGD 301a. ἥψατο aorist middle ἅπτω. (5:31) μαθητής, ῆς, ὁ = pupil, apprentice, disciple, adherent, learner under BAGD 485b. συνθλίβοντά - present active participle συνθλίβω. We get a little repetition of vocabulary from a few verses before. (5:32) περιεβλέπετο imperfect active περιβλέπω = look around (at), (with loss of the literal meaning) look for, hunt under BAGD 646a. ἰδεῖν aorist active infinitive ὁράω. ποιήσασαν aorist active ποιέω. (5:33) φοβηθεῖσα aorist passive participle φοβέω. τρέμουσα present active participle τρέμω = (only in the present and the imperfect) tremble, quiver, (but also) (figurative) be afraid, fear, stand in awe of under BAGD 825a. εἰδυῖα perfect active participle οἶδα.

8 8 γέγονεν perfect active γίνομαι. ἦλθεν aorist active ἔρχομαι. προσέπεσεν aorist active προσπίπτω = fall down before (or) at the feet of (with dative of the person) someone, fall upon, strike against under BAGD 718a. εἶπεν aorist active λέγω. ἀλήθεια, ας, ἡ = truthfulness, dependability, uprightness, truth (opposite of φευδος), (especially of the content of Christianity as the absolute truth), reality under BAGD 35b. Grammatical note = Consummative Perfect. Whereas the intensive use of the perfect emphasizes the resulting state of a past action, the consummative use emphasizes the completed action that brought about the resulting state. In other words, the accomplishment of the action is so emphasizes that the resulting state is merely the vague condition of the occurrence having actually taken place on a particular occasion or, more generally, at least once in the past. Verbs that fit into this category are often transitive in nature (they can take a direct object). It is usually best to translate this type of perfect with the English present perfect ( have/has + past tense). For more examples of the consummative perfect, see Mark 5:33. See KMP, 299 and n48.