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1 Content Introduction Fundamentals of acoustics Sound field equations and the wave equation Sound field quantities Derivation of the wave equation Plane waves in fluid media Plane harmonic waves Wideband waves and signals Energy and level Sound intensity Level arithmetic Frequency bands Sound sources Spherical waves Harmonic monopole source and sound power Pulsating sphere and radiation impedance Multipoles and extended sources Spherical harmonics Sound propagation Reflection of plane waves at an impedance plane Examples of wall impedances Spherical wave above impedance plane Scattering Object scattering Surface scattering Diffraction Refraction Attenuation Doppler effect... 51

2 XII Content 4 Sound fields in cavities and in rooms Cavities Modes Boundary conditions Geometrical acoustics Statistical reverberation theory Reverberation Steady-state energy density and level Structure-borne sound Waves in solid media Waves on plates and their radiation Finite-size plates Internal losses and structural reverberation time Vibrational transmission over junctions Psychoacoustics Anatomy of the peripheral hearing system Psychoacoustic characterization Loudness Temporal masking Time-varying loudness Sharpness Fluctuation strength Roughness Tonality, pitch, pitch strength Binaural hearing Head-related transfer functions Artificial heads Hearing in rooms Reverberance Strength Speech intelligibility and transparence Spatial impression Spatial variations in a room Estimation of the monaural subjective parameters Signal processing for auralization The concept of auralization Fundamentals of signal processing Signals and systems Impulse response and transfer function

3 Content XIII 7.3 Fourier transformation Analogue-to-digital conversion Discrete Fourier transformation Fast Fourier transformation Sources of errors, leakage and time windows Digital filters Characterization of sources Airborne sound sources Multipole synthesis Musical instruments Singing voice Speaking voice Anechoic recordings Structure-borne sound sources General approach D force sources Convolution and sound synthesis Discrete convolution FFT convolution Segmented convolution Binaural synthesis Binaural mixing console Spatial resolution of HRTF Simulation models Simulation methods for sound and vibrational fields Reciprocity Frequency domain models Time domain models Two-port models Transfer path models Other models Simulation of sound in rooms General CAD room model Absorption coefficients Scattering coefficients Stochastic ray tracing Point-in-polygon test Detectors

4 XIV Content Presentation of results Curved surfaces Reproducibility in stochastic ray tracing Computation times versus uncertainties case studies Image source model Classical model Audibility test Limitations Diffraction Reduction of computational load by preprocessing Hybrid image source models (deterministic ray tracing) Systematic uncertainties of geometrical acoustics Hybrid models in room acoustics Hybrid deterministic-stochastic models Construction of binaural room impulse responses Simulation and auralization of airborne sound insulation Definitions of airborne sound transmission Sound insulation of building elements Sound insulation of buildings Flanking transmission Sound transmission prediction models Auralization of airborne sound insulation Simulation and auralization of structure-borne sound Definitions of impact sound transmission Impact sound model Impact sound auralization Structure-borne interaction model Binaural transfer path synthesis Source identification and characterization Airborne sound sources Structure-borne sound sources Transfer path characterization Auralization in BTPS Aspects of real-time processing Real-time binaural synthesis HRTF in multiple degrees of freedom

5 Content XV 15.2 Room acoustical real-time auralization Source and receiver Real-time processing of image sources Real-time modelling of reverberation Hybrid real-time room auralization D sound reproduction and virtual reality systems Headphone systems Headphone equalization for binaural signals Individual filters Loudspeaker systems VBAP surround sound Ambisonics Wave field synthesis Binaural loudspeaker technology VR technology and integrated VR systems Annex Material data Tables of random-incidence absorption coefficients, α Tables of random-incidence scattering coefficients, s Tables of sound reduction indices, R References Index

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