H1N1, but not H3N2, influenza A virus infection protects ferrets from H5N1

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JVI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 26 December 2013 J. Virol. doi:10.1128/jvi.01840-13 Copyright 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. H1N1, but not H3N2, influenza A virus infection protects ferrets from H5N1 encephalitis Running title Stephanie J. Bissel 1# Guoji Wang 1, Donald M. Carter 2, Corey J. Crevar 2, Ted M. Ross 2,3, Clayton A. Wiley 1. Correspondent author Stephanie J. Bissel Abstract Word Count: Importance Word Count: Text Word Count: Key words:

Abstract

Importance

Introduction

Materials and Methods Animals and Infections Mustela putorius furo

i.e. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory AnimalsBiosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories Tissue

Plaque assay μ Serology

ELISA for Neuraminidase and Hemagluttinin Stalk Region

Immunohistochemistry and Lectin Histochemistry Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia In situ hybridization in vitro

PCR Results H1N1pdm09 virus infection in naïve ferrets is predominantly a submucosal gland and bronchial infection

H5N1 (VN/04) virus infection is lethal and spreads to small bowel, liver, spleen and brain

Prior infection with H1N1pdm09 virus confers protection against lethal H5N1 virus infection, but is associated with prolonged infection of small bowel, liver and spleen

Prior infection with H3N2 virus does not protect against lethal H5N1 virus infection

Macrophages, epithelial cells and neurons are infected with H5N1 virus. Griffonia simplicifolia

Liver infection shows three distinct, not mutually exclusive, patterns Influenza immunohistochemistry verified infection of small bowel, liver and spleen

Discussion

in situ

e.g. et al.

Acknowledgements

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Figure Legends (A) (B)(C)(D) (E) (F) (G and H) (A) (B)(C)

(D-G) (D)(E) (F) (G) (H-K) (H) (I) (J and K) (A)(B)

(A)(B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I)

(A)(B) (C) (D)(E) (F)(G) (H) (I)(J) (K) (L)(M) (N)

Griffonia simplicifolia(a-c) (D) (A and B) (C) (D) (E and F) (E) (F). (A and B)(C and D) (E and F)(A) (B) (C)

(D) (E) (F) (A and B) (C)

Table 1. Summary of Groups. Group Primary influenza strain Length of time between infections Second influenza strain DPI after last strain inoculation Naïve NA NA NA NA H1N1 CA/09 NA NA 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 H5N1 VN/04 NA NA 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 H1N1/H5N1 Mex/09 >2mo VN/04 2, 4, 6, 18 H3N2/H5N1 Perth/09 Vic/11 >3 mo VN/04 2, 4, 6 H3N2/H5N1 Vic/11 1 mo VN/04 7, 16, 23 Ferrets were divided into 6 groups and sacrificed at the time points listed in the last column. See supplementary table 1 for further information. Abbreviations: CA/09, A/California/07/2009; VN/04, A/Viet Nam/1203/2004; Mex/09, A/Mexico/4108/2009; Perth/09, A/Perth/16/2009; Vic/11, A/Victoria/361/2011; NA, not applicable.

Group DPI # of ferrets Trachea Bronchi Alveoli Submucosal glands Small bowel epithelia Small bowel lamina propria Small bowel ganglia Liver Spleen Red Pulp Spleen White Pulp Brain Olfactory Bulb Brain Cerebral Cortex Brain Deep Gray and White Matter Brain Brainstem Brain Cerebellum Brain Meninges and Ependyma Kidney

Table 2. Distribution of viral infection in various organs as assessed by in situ hybridization (ISH). Column 1 (Group) describes viral infection groups. Column 2 (DPI) describes the number of days post infection that the animals were sacrificed. Column 3 (# of ferrets) indicates the number of animals studied in each group at each time point. Remaining columns show the number of ferrets that exhibited influenza viral RNA by ISH in the corresponding organ or sub-region. See supplementary table 2 for individual animals. NA, not available. Downloaded from http://jvi.asm.org/ on December 15, 2018 by guest